Delhi Public School Bangalore North

Annual examination Portion

Computer Science Class 8(2019-
20)

• Artificial Intelligence
 What is AI?
 History of AI
 Domains of AI
 Advantages and disadvantages of AI
 Applications of AI
 AI ethics
 Sustainable Development Goals

• Computer Network

 From the textbook

 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Artificial intelligence (AI) is an area of computer science that emphasizes the
creation of intelligent machines that work and react like human. It is the ability
of a computer program or a machine to think and learn. It is also a field of
study which tries to make computers "smart".
John McCarthy came up with the name "artificial intelligence" in 1955.He is
known as father of Artificial intelligence.
Some of the activities computers with artificial intelligence are designed for
include:

• Speech recognition
• Learning
• Planning
• Problem solving

AI is an old concept but it has become more popular today, thanks to

increased data volumes, advanced algorithms, and improvements in
computing power and storage (GPUs).

Languages used in AI:

Java, Python, Lisp, Prolog, and C++ are major AI programming language
used for artificial intelligence capable of satisfying different needs in the
development and designing of different software. It is up to a developer to
choose which of the AI languages will gratify the desired functionality and
features of the application requirements. Prolog is also one of the oldest
programming languages thus also suitable for the development of
programming AI.
History of Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence is not a new word and not a new technology for
researchers. This technology is much older than you would imagine. Even
there are the myths of Mechanical men in Ancient Greek and Egyptian
Myths. Following are some milestones in the history of AI which defines
the journey from the AI generation to till date development.

Three Domains of AI
• Data
• Natural Language Processing
• Computer Vision
NLP: Natural Language Processing, usually shortened as NLP, is a branch
of artificial intelligence that deals with the interaction between computers
and humans using the natural language.
The ultimate objective of NLP is to read, decipher, understand, and make
sense of the human languages in a manner that is valuable
A typical interaction between humans and machines using Natural
Language Processing could go as follows:
1. A human talks to the machine
2. The machine captures the audio
3. Audio to text conversion takes place
4. Processing of the text’s data
5. Data to audio conversion takes place
6. The machine responds to the human by playing the audio file
Examples of NLP
• Language translation applications such as Google Translate
• Word Processors such as Microsoft Word and Grammarly that employ
NLP to check grammatical accuracy of texts.
• Interactive Voice Response (IVR) applications used in call centers to
respond to certain users’ requests.
• Personal assistant applications such as OK Google, Siri, Cortana, and
Alexa.
Computer vision: Computer Science is a form of artificial intelligence
where computers can “see” the world, analyse visual data and then make
decisions from it or gain understanding about the environment and situation.
One of the driving factors behind the growth of computer vision is the
amount of data we generate today that is then used to train and make
computer vision better.
• Autonomous vehicles
• Google Translate app
• Facial recognition
Data: Data is explained as facts and statistics collected together for
reference or analysis. Data is the foundation of Artificial Intelligence.
AI techniques are based on a lot of data which the algorithm is trained on to
form models. For these techniques, data is absolutely vital, as their
performance often has more to do with the quantity and quality of the data
than the specific algorithm used to do the learning. AI highly depends on
many data that has previously been stored to determinate the best decision
in a new scenario, as an example I can mention Google's self-driven car...
The car can determine how fast to go on a specific road by using stored data
that the system can use as reference

Applications of AI:
AI in Healthcare o AI can help doctors with diagnoses and can inform when
patients are worsening so that medical help can reach to the patient before
hospitalization.

AI in Gaming o AI can be used for gaming purpose. The AI machines can

play strategic games like chess, where the machine needs to think of a
large number of possible places.

AI in Travel & Transport o AI is capable of doing various travel related

works such as from making travel arrangement to suggesting the hotels,
flights, and best routes to the customers. Travel industries are using AI-
powered chatbots which can make human-like interaction with customers
for better and fast response.

AI in Robotics:
o Artificial Intelligence has a remarkable role in Robotics. Usually,
general robots are programmed such that they can perform some
repetitive task, but with the help of AI, we can create intelligent robots
which can perform tasks with their own experiences without
preprogrammed.
o Humanoid Robots are best examples for AI in robotics, recently the
intelligent Humanoid robot named as Erica and Sophia has been
developed which can talk and behave like humans.
AI in Entertainment:

o We are currently using some AI based applications in our daily life with
some entertainment services such as Netflix or Amazon. With the help
of ML/AI algorithms, these services show the recommendations for
programs or shows.

AI in Agriculture :

o Agriculture is an area which requires various resources, labor, money, and

time for best result. Agriculture is applying AI as agriculture robotics,
solid and crop monitoring, predictive analysis.

AI in education:

o AI can automate grading so that the tutor can have more time to teach.
AI chatbot can communicate with students as a teaching assistant.

Advantages of AI
• Reduce Human Error
• Increase Productivity
• Brings speed to decision making process
• Reduce Cost of Goods and Services
• Repetitive Task
• 24/7 Availability
• Handle low-level tasks
• Open Up money making opportunities
• Transform Health Care
• Undertake Dangerous Exploration
• Improve Security
• Transform Learning
• Foster Communications
• Creation of new jobs
Disadvantages of AI
• Job loss
• It can be wrong
• Expensive to develop
• No original creativity
• It cannot handle highly intelligent tasks AI can do intelligent things
but can’t explain
• It can increase war destructiveness
• Loss of Skills
• AI’s abilities are limited to its training dataset

AI ethics:
1. Job Loss and Wealth Inequality
One of the primary concerns people have with AI is future loss of jobs.
Should we strive to fully develop and integrate AI into society if it means
many people will lose their jobs.
2. AI is Imperfect — What if it Makes a Mistake?
AIs are not immune to making mistakes and machine learning takes time to
become useful. If trained well, using good data, then AIs can perform well.
However, if we feed AIs bad date or make errors with internal programming,
the AIs can be harmful.
3. Robot rights. How do we define the humane treatment of AI?
For example, reinforcement learning is similar to training a dog: improved
performance is reinforced with a virtual reward.
4. Security. How do we keep AI safe from adversaries?
The more powerful a technology becomes, the more can it be used for
nefarious reasons as well as good. This applies not only to robots produced
to replace human soldiers, or autonomous weapons, but to AI systems that
can cause damage if used maliciously
Sustainable Development Goals:
Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the
present, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needs.
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), also known as the
Global Goals, were adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015
as a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure
that all people enjoy peace and prosperity by 2030.
GOAL 1: No Poverty
GOAL 2: Zero Hunger
GOAL 3: Good Health and Well-being
GOAL 4: Quality Education
GOAL 5: Gender Equality
GOAL 6: Clean Water and Sanitation
GOAL 7: Affordable and Clean Energy
GOAL 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth
GOAL 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
GOAL 10: Reduced Inequality
GOAL 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities
GOAL 12: Responsible Consumption and Production
GOAL 13: Climate Action
GOAL 14: Life Below Water
GOAL 15: Life on Land
GOAL 16: Peace and Justice Strong Institutions
GOAL 17: Partnerships to achieve the Goal