CHAPTER –EIGHT

I/O Connectors ,BIOS And Some Popular Output

1
I/O Connectors
 In addition to expansion slots, a motherboard might
also have several on-board ports and internal
connectors.
 Ports coming directly off the motherboard are called
on-board ports or integrated components.
 Almost all motherboards have two or more USB ports
and sound ports.
 Boards might also offer a network port, modem port,
FireWire (IEEE 1394) port, video port, keyboard port,
mouse port, parallel port, serial port, one or more
eSATA ports (for external SATA hard drives), and a
port for a wireless antenna.
2
Ports (Connectors)
 External ports appear at the rear of the PC, through slots cut in to
the case which are either port of an expansion card or the
motherboard and are male or female in gender
 Serial Ports: Serial ports transfer data 1 bit at a time and are used
to connect mice, external modems, and other serial devices to the
computer.
 Serial ports can be either 9 pin or 25 pin male ports.
 All computers have at least one 9 pin serial port, and many still
have a 25 pin serial port.
 Parallel Ports – parallel ports are the 25 pin female DB (Data bus)
ports on the back of your PC.
 Parallel communications transfers data 8 bits, or 1 byte, at a time.
 Parallel ports are used by printers, zip drives and scanners.
 The official maximum length that a standard parallel cable is 5m.

3
CONTD.
 PS/2 Ports: Port is used to connect the keyboard or the
mouse to the PC.
 Both PS/2 keyboard and mouse ports are Circular 6 pin
female ports.
 Audio Ports: all sound cards have integrated mini- audio
ports.
 Devices such as microphones, headphones, headsets,
earphones and speakers connect to the audio ports using
mini- audio connectors.
 Modems Port: Modems connect to the telephone line using
RJ -11 connectors.
 All modems have at least one RJ-11 port, and many
modems have two RJ-11 ports one for the modem and the
other for a telephone, so you can use the telephone line for
voice when the modem is not in use.

4
Contd.
 Network Card Ports (RJ45 Port): Network Interface
Cards (NICs) enable you to plug network cables in to
the PC.
 USB port: is a recent port technology that cans easily
chain up to 127 USB devices.
 USB ports transfer data much amount of data per
second, making them much faster than traditional
parallel or serial communications.
 HDMI (High Definition Multimedia Interface) Port:
HDMI is a newer digital audio/video interface
developed to be backward compatible with DVI
(Digital Visual Interface).
5
Contd.
 Video Port: Monitors connect to your PC using a DB
Video connector. Older CGA (Color/Graphics
Adapter) and EGA (Enhanced Graphics Adapter)
standard monitors used 9 pin female DB connectors.
 Most of the monitors you see today are VGA (video
graphics adapter), SVGA (Super VGA), or XGA
(Extended Graphics Array), and connect to the
computer using male DB connectors with 15 pins in
three rows

6
OUTPUT DEVICE (The Monitor)
 The computer monitor is an output device that is part
of your computer's display system.
 A cable connects the monitor to a video adapter (video
card) that is installed in an expansion slot or integrated
VGA port on your computer’s motherboard.
 This system converts signals into text and pictures and
displays them on a TV-like screen (the monitor).
 It is different from most of the other components of the
PC due to its passive nature; it isn't responsible for
doing any real computing, but rather for showing the
results of computing.

7
Types of Monitor (Displays)
Cathode Ray tube (CRT) Monitors
 The CRT, or Cathode Ray Tube, is the "picture tube"
of your monitor
 Takes up a lot of desk space and costs less
LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor
 Read more about these two kind of monitor
 Read about the technology they used to produce some
output like text, graphics

8
Video Technologies
 Video technologies differ in many different ways.
 However, the major 2 differences are resolution and the
number of colors it can produce at those resolutions.
Resolution:
 Resolution is the number of pixels that are used to draw
an image on the screen.
 If you could count the pixels in one horizontal row
across the top of the screen, and the number of pixels in
one vertical column down the side, that would properly
describe the resolution that the monitor is displaying

9
Contd.
 It’s given as two numbers.
 If there were 800 pixels across and 600 pixels down the side,
then the resolution would be 800 x 600.
 Multiply 800 times 600 and you’ll get the number of pixels
used to draw the image (480,000 pixels example).
 A monitor must be matched with the video card in the
system.
 The monitor has to be capable of displaying the resolutions
and colors that the adapter can produce.

10
VGA (Video Graphics Adapter)
 In VGA, colors are produced digitally. Each electron
beam could be either on or off.
 There are three electron guns, one for each color, red,
green and blue (RGB).
 This combination could produce 8 colors.
 By cutting the intensity of the beam in half, we could
get 8 more colors for a total of 16.
 Supports up to 640 x 480, which is a 4:3 ratio between
horizontal pixels and vertical pixels.

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SVGA (Super- VGA)
 Once again, manufacturers began to develop video adapters
that added features and enhancements to the VGA standard.
 Super-VGA is based on VGA standards and describes
display systems with several different resolutions and a
varied number of colors.
 When SVGA first came out it could be defined as having
capabilities of 800 X 600 with 256 colors or 1024 X 768 with
16 million colors.
 However, these cards and monitors are now capable of
resolutions up to 1280 X 1024 with a palette of more than 16
million colors.

12
XGA (Extended Graphics Array)
 Extended Graphics Array was developed by IBM.
 It had its own coprocessor and bus-mastering ability, which
means that it had the ability to execute instructions
independent of the CPU.
 Could provide higher resolution and more colors than
the VGA and SVGA cards at the time.
 However, it was only available for IBM machines.
 Many of these features were later incorporated by other
video card manufacturers.
 Read about video card technology

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BIOS
 The BIOS (Basic Input/output System) is also known as the
System BIOS or ROM BIOS.
 The BIOS software is built into the PC, and is the first code run
by a PC when powered on ('boot firmware').
 When the PC starts up, the first job for the BIOS is the power -
on self-test(POST), which initializes and identifies system devices
such as the CPU, RAM, video display card, keyboard and mouse,
hard disk drive, optical disc drive and other hardware.
 The BIOS then locates boot loader software held on a peripheral
device (designated as a 'boot device'), such as a hard disk or a
CD/DVD, and loads and executes that software, giving it control
of the PC.
 This process is known as booting, or booting up, which is short
for bootstrapping.
14
Contd.
 BIOS software is stored on a non-volatile ROM chip on the
motherboard.
 It is specifically designed to work with each particular
model of computer
 In modern computer systems the BIOS chip's contents can
be rewritten without removing it from the motherboard,
allowing BIOS software to be upgraded in place.

15
Contd.
 BIOS have a user interface (UI), typically a menu system
accessed by pressing a certain key on the keyboard when the
PC starts. In new computer (F1, F2, DEL, ESC or F10 )
depend on the computer manufacturer
 In the BIOS UI, a user can:
 Configure hardware
 Set the system clock
 Enable or disable system components
 Select which devices are eligible to be a potential boot
device
 Set various password prompts, such as a password for
securing access to the BIOS UI functions itself and
preventing malicious users from booting the system
from unauthorized peripheral devices.

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Flashing the BIOS
 In modern PCs the BIOS is stored in rewritable memory,
allowing the contents to be replaced or 'rewritten'.
 This rewriting of the contents is sometimes termed flashing.
 This can be done by a special program, usually provided by
the system's manufacturer, with a BIOS image in a hard
drive or USB flash drive.
 A file containing such contents is sometimes termed 'a
BIOS image'.
 BIOS might be re-flashed in order to upgrade to a newer
version to fix bugs or provide improved performance or to
support newer hardware, or a re-flashing operation might be
needed to fix a damaged BIOS.

17
BIOs passwords
 Most laptops come with a very strong BIOS password capability
that locks up the hardware and makes the laptop completely
unusable.
 This is the password that has to be entered before the operating
system loads, usually on a black screen a few seconds after the
laptop is started.
 Of course BIOS password can be set on a PC too, but there it is
stored together with the other BIOS settings – date, time, hard
disk size, etc.
 It is very easy to reset the BIOS settings (and the password) on a
PC – usually there is a jumper near the BIOS battery on the
motherboard that needs to be moved from connecting pins 1+2 to
pins 2+3 for a few seconds and then moved back to pins 1+2.
 Next time the PC is started it will alert you “… BIOS settings
invalid… Defaults loaded… Press F1 to continue…” or
something similar, and…. the password is gone!

18
Hidden BIOs passwords
 However most laptops store the BIOS password in a
special chip, sometimes even hidden under the CPU,
that is not affected when the rest of the BIOS settings
are reset.
 This makes the removal of a BIOS password on a
laptop almost impossible.
 The only option in most cases is to replace the chip
which is quite expensive and risky procedure and, of
course, not supported by the manufacturers.

19
BIOS boot specification (BBS)
 If the expansion ROM wishes to change the way the
system boots (such as from a network device or a SCSI
adapter for which the BIOS has no driver code), it can
use the BIOS Boot Specification (BBS) to register its
ability to do so
 Once the expansion ROM have registered using the
BBS, the user can select among the available boot
options from within the BIOS's user interface.
 This is why most BBS compliant PC BIOS
implementations will not allow the user to enter the
BIOS's user interface until the expansion ROMs have
finished executing and registering themselves with the
BBS.
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BIOS Manufacturer
 AMI BIOS
 Award BIOS
 Phoenix BIOS
 MR BIOS
 IBM BIOS
 Compaq BIOS

21
Accessing the BIOS
Phoenix BIOS Ctrl+Alt+Esc
Ctrl+Alt+F1
Ctrl+Alt+S
Ctrl+Alt+Enter
Ctrl+Alt+F11
Ctrl+Alt+Ins

Award BIOS Ctrl+Alt+Esc

AMI BIOS Del

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Beep code
Beep Code: Description of Problem:

One Beep Everything is normal and Computer POSTed fine

Two Beeps CMOS Error

One Long Beep, One Short Beep Motherboard Problem

One Long Beep, Two Short Beeps Video Problem

One Long Beep, Three Short Beeps Video Problem

Three Long Beeps Keyboard Error

Repeated Long Beeps Memory Error

Continuous Hi-Lo Beeps CPU Overheating

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Plug and Play
 Plug and Play (PnP) consists of a series of standards
designed to enable devices to self – configure.
 PnP, makes devices installation trivial. You simply
install a device and it automatically configures its I/O
address.
 For PNP to work properly, the PC needs two items:
 A PnP BIOS if you have a Pentium or latter computer, you
have a PnP BIOS
 A PnP operating system

25
Notice
 Be very careful when making changes to setup.
Incorrect settings may keep your computer
from booting. When you are finished with your
changes, you should choose "Save Changes"
and exit. The BIOS will then restart your
computer so that the new settings take effect.
 The BIOS uses CMOS technology to save any
changes made to the computer's settings. With
this technology, a small lithium or Ni-Cad
battery is used to supply enough power to keep
the data for years.

26
Printers
 A device that prints text or illustrations on the paper.
 Printers are add on peripheral output device that
transform text and graphics from your PC in to hard –
copy output on paper or transparency.
 Printer can be black and white or colored.
 Printers are connected to the computer system through
the 25 female printer ports, but now they can be
connected using USB ports

27
Contd.
 Depending on the print quality and speed, printers can be basically of
the following kinds:
 Dot Matrix:
 Use an array of pins and a ribbon to print text, and in some cases, graphics.
 Noisy, slow and low in quality
 They are used for special needs, especially for printing multi- port continuous
forms for business Purposes (lasers and inkjets can’t print through multi –
sheet carbon forms).
 Laser:
 These printers use technology that use light to create high – quality print out
at high speed.
 They are expensive, however and they are generally limited to black and
white output unless a color laser printer is more expensive in cost.
 Ink Jet:
 The most popular type of printer sold today.
 Ink jet printers use a special print head that ejects microscopic dots of colored
ink on to paper to create an output image.
 They are relatively in expensive to buy and almost all will print in color.

28
Contd.
 Daisy-Wheel:
 Similar to a ball -head typewriter, this type of printer has a plastic
or metal wheel on which the shape of each character stands out in
relief.
 A hammer presses the wheel against a ribbon, which in turn
makes an ink stain in the shape of the character on the paper.
 Daisy-wheel printers produce letter-quality print but cannot print
graphics.
 LCD & LED: Similar to a laser printer, but uses liquid
crystals or light-emitting diodes rather than a laser to
produce an image on the drum.
 Thermal Printer:
 An inexpensive printer that works by pushing heated pins against
heat sensitive paper.
 Thermal printers are widely used in calculators and fax machines.
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Contd.
 Printers are also classified by the following characteristics
 Quality of type: The output produced by printers is said to
be either letter quality (as good as a typewriter), near letter
quality, or draft quality.
 Only daisy-wheel, ink-jet, and laser printers produce letter -
quality type.
 Some dot-matrix printers claim letter-quality print, but if
you look closely, you can see the difference.
 Speed: Measured in characters per second (cps) or pages per
minute (ppm), the speed of printers varies widely.
 Daisy-wheel printers tend to be the slowest, printing about
30 cps.
 Line printers are fastest (up to 3,000 lines per minute).
 Dot-matrix printers can print up to 500 cps, and laser
printers range from about 4 to 20 text pages per minute.
30
Contd.
 Impact or non-impact:
 Impact printers include all printers that work by striking an ink
ribbon.
 Daisy-wheel, dot-matrix, and line printers are impact printers.
 Nonimpact printers include laser printers and ink-jet printers.
 The important difference between impact and non-impact printers is
that impact printers are much noisier.
 Graphics: Some printers (daisy-wheel and line printers) can
print only text. Other printers can print both text and
graphics.
 Fonts: Some printers, notably dot-matrix printers, are limited
to one or a few fonts. In contrast, laser and ink-jet printers
are capable of printing an almost unlimited variety of fonts.
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Installing Printers
 Start – Control Panel
 Choose printers and other hardware’s
 Add a printer
 Click next
 Choose for a local or network printer – next
 Choose a manufacture and printer model – next
 Type a printer name and choose to make your printer a
default printer or not – next
 Choose to share your printer or not – next
 Choose to print a test page or not – next – finish.

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Common printer problem
 Out of paper Error:- This problem will encounter you, if no paper is in the
printer. Thus, get enough paper to the printer
 Input/output errors:-I/O errors occur, when the computer is unable to
communicate with the printer. To trouble shoot this problem check the
following possibilities.
 Is the printer plugged in?
 Is the printer turned on?
 Are all cables firmly turned on?
 Is the proper drive for your printer installed?
 Is the I/O settings for the printer correct?
 If all these checkouts, try restarting your computer, simply restarting can
sometimes fix a multi-output error, connect the printer to another
computer.
 If the printer does not work on the other computer you know you have a
printer problem, if it works file on the other computer, you have a
configuration problem.

33
Common printer problem
 No Default Printer Errors
A no default printer error indicates no printer has been
installed or that you haven’t set a default printer. To set
a default printer:
 Click the start button
 Select control panel
 Select printers. The printers dialog box will appear
 Alternate – click the icon of the printer you want to set as the
default.
 Select set as default from the short cut menu

34
Common printer problem
 Toner Low and Ink Low Errors
When the toner cartridge in a laser printer runs low, is
an issue a warning before the cartridge turns out
completely. Replace the cartridge as soon as you see the
error to avoid half– finished or delayed print jobs.

35
36
 More on computer hardware problem

Common hardware problems and their solutions

37
STARTING POINT FOR TROUBLESHOOTING
 POINT 1. GATHER INFORMATION
Ask the customer the following questions to define the
problems:
 Can you tell me something about the problem?
 What did you do to your computer lastly [Before it
stopped working]?
 How often does this happen? Have you installed new
software? Have you deleted some files?
 Have you added a new hardware device?
 Have you made any other changes to the computer
recently?
38
Cont’d…
POINT 2. CHECK THE POWER AND CABLE CONNECTORS
 Check the power line.
 Check the wall outlet power.
 Check the power sockets.
 Check the cables.
 Is it plugged in?
 Is it turned on?
 Is the computer ready to accept command from the
user?
 Open the case covers cables

39
CONTD.
POINT 3. CHECK IF THE ERROR IS USER'S ERROR
 Because the user cannot print.
 Because the user cannot save the files
 Because the user cannot run application etc.
 If the user is wrong, show him \ her how to use the
computer.

40
Contd.
 POINT4. RESTART THE COMPUTER
 This process is called a "cold boot" (since the machine
was off or cold when it started). A "warm boot" is the
same except it occurs when the machine is rebooted
using {CTRL+ALT+DELETE}.
 NOTE: -Reboot can solve or show the problem.
Rebooting doesn't work, try to power down the system
completely, and then power it up

41
Classification of pc problem
 Is it a startup problem?
 Is it windows problem?
 Is it a program problem?
 Is it a device problem?
 Startup problem: An error occurs before or during boot
process.
 Window Problem: An error occurs with window
system itself.
 Program Problem: An error occurs with a specific
program.
 Device Problem: An error occurs with a specific piece
of hardware parts.
42
Contd.
 POINT 6. FIND OUT THE PROBLEM AND SOLVE IT!
 If the problem is hardware related, determine which
component is failing and try to solve the problem.
 If the problem is software related; determine which is
corrupted or missed and try to solve the problem.

43
Contd.
 REPLACEMENT METHOD
 When you troubleshoot, make one change at a time. If
the change does not solve the problem, change it back
to its original state before making another change.
 For example, you may have trouble on your monitor. If
you can get another monitor, attach to your system and
try it. If the other monitor works, you know that the
problem is with your monitor. But if the other monitor
does not work, change it back to its original state and
try to find other possible causes.

44
Common hardware problems and their solutions:
 Mouse
 Keyboards
 Power supply
 Motherboard
 Main memory
 Sound card
 Monitors

45
Mouse problems and solutions
Problem:
 The mouse may hang up or may not move in the correct way due
to dust. [Doesn’t work properly]
Solution
 Clean the mouse [mechanical mouse]:
 Shutdown the PC.
 Remove the mouse cable from its connection at the back of your PC.
 Turn the mouse upside-down and remove the securing screws from
the mouse case.
 Remove the mouse ball from the cavity.
 Clean the cavity and the mouse ball with proper available materials. [
use dry cloth]
 Look inside the mouse housing. You will see the two perpendicular
bars. Use your finger nail to scrape along each bar, removing any
dirt.
 Reconnect the cable to the computer.
 Turn ON the PC and see that if it is activated.
46
Contd.
Problem:
 The new PS/2 or serial mouse doesn't work when
plugged on the system running Windows XP.
Solution
 Restart the system.
 Plug the new mouse firmly.
 Restart the PC.
 The new mouse will be active.
 Else-use a replacement method.

47
Keyboard problems and solutions
 While working on PC, something (liquid) Spilled in to the
keyboard.
Solution
 Remove the keyboard cable from its connection at the back
of the PC. Do not wait!! You need to cut power to the
device in order to avoid a possible short circuit.
 Shutdown the PC using the mouse [start>turn off computer
...].
 Tip the keyboard upside down and drain out as much of the
liquid as you can.
 Try to dry the inside part of the keyboard properly by using
blow dryer or direct sunlight.
 Reconnect the keyboard cable to the computer.
 Power up the computer and manipulate the keyboard to
assure proper functioning.
48
Contd.
 Some keys on the keyboard don't work.
Solution
 For the current help:
 Use On-Screen Keyboard.
OR
 Turn OFF the PC and Remove the keyboard cable from its connection at the
back of the PC.
 Turn the keyboard upside-down and remove the securing screws properly.
 Select the key that you want to remove. Just be careful not to damage the other
key.
 Clean or adjust the sit of the key properly.
 If you remove multiple keys, be sure to return them to their proper seats.
 Make sure· that the keyboard is dry while cleaning.
 Replace the cover.
 Reconnect the cable to the computer and Boot up the PC and check that if
activated.
 Or
 Remapping some key ,example using sharpkeys software
49
CPU problems and trouble shootings:
Problem
 Both the CPU and power supply fan work Properly but the system
shows a blank screen.
Solution
 The CPU might be damaged. Use the replacement method.
CPU problem Possible causes:
 Overheating.
 Static discharge.
 Bent or Broken pins.
General symptom of CPU
 The system fails to Boot (start).
 Black Screen.
 The system boots, but the operating system (windows) fails to load.
 The system locks-up or dies after several minutes of operations.
 The system says "hardware monitor error . "

50
Memory problems and trouble shootings
General symptom of RAM
 The system refuses to do another task until you close some
windows program.
 Slow down in operation.
 The system freezes.
 Creates [shows] the ghost and crashes pictures on the
screen.
General Troubleshooting
 Check the virtual memory.
 Check the capacity of your RAM.
 Use the replacement method.
 Run any memory diagnostic software that is supplied by
your computer manufacturer.
51
Contd.
Problem
 The system displays blank screen with a long [multiple]
beep sounds.
Solution
 The memory is not installed correctly [or the RAM is
absent] .
 Press the RAM firmly on the motherboard.
 Or there's a problem with your memory or
motherboard.

52
Contd.
Problem
 A PC shows memory size error
Solution
 Memory size error always (usually) happen after
memory has been added. Running BIOS setup
program will allow the system recognize the memory
and the error should away.
 If the system is out of memory, add a memory stick
(RAM) to increase the memory capacity.

53
Contd.
Problem
 A PC shows memory parity error that halts the system
operation
Solution
 If you get a parity error message, write down any
memory address information that appears. If the
problem occurs again, then the RAM is bad. Replace
the RAM

54
Power supply problem
Power supply symptoms
 Fan noise sounds rough or louder than usual.
 Fan noise is absent altogether.
 The power supply chassis is unusually hot to touch.
General troubleshooting methods
 Check the power cable.
 Check the power supply [you can use a Multi- meter to
test electronic components]. Check the power outlet
voltage.
 Replace the power supply unit.

55
Contd.
Problem
 A PC accidentally reboots or shutdown
Solution
 Check your power line.
 Make sure that your power supply is rated [watt" to
handle all the peripherals that it powers
 Check the power supply fan movement. • Use a
replacement method.

56
Motherboard problems and trouble shootings
Problem
 The PC shows 100 series error (any error from 100- 199)
code and freezes the system.
Solution
 Any number starting with 1 usually indicates system board
problem.
 Check the system board (motherboard)
 Use a replacement method.
Problem
 The power supply works properly' but no movement of the
CPU fan and the display shows black screen.
 Solution
 The system board power connector is plugged incorrectly or
the motherboard failure might cause this problem.
57
Sound related problem
Problem
 No sound from the Computer
Possible cause:
 Software related problem.
 Speaker connection failure.
Solution
 Check your speaker and its connection.
 Check the volume control in the windows system
 Check the driver software for the sound card.

58
Monitor problems and trouble shootings:
General display problem
 Incorrect configuration. [Check the brightness and
contrast control]
 Adapter might not be seated properly in expansion slot.
 Cable between the system unit and monitor may loose
or fail
 Software related problems.
 Failure in monitor s display electronics and in
monitor's power supply.
 Incompatibility between software and display adapter

59
Contd.
Common symptom:
 No display
Troubleshooting
 Check the power to monitor.
 Check the brightness control on the monitor.
 Check the data cable between the monitor and the
video port on the system unit.

60
Contd.
 Problem
 When the system turns on, it sounds a single beep and shows the
disk activity (light flashes) but the display is blank.
 Solution
 The computer is starting normally but the monitor doesn't
display anything. Just use the following simple method.
 Methods
 Shutdown the PC [unplug the power cable] and press down the
video card firmly, restart the PC.
 Is the monitor turned on? If not, check the monitor power
connector.
 Also check the connection (data cable) between the video card
and the monitor.
 Your adapter hardware may not work, so use the replacement
method.

61
Contd.
Problem
 The Monitor shows only one bright vertical line in the center of
the screen

 Solution
 The monitor is unable to drag the ray (beam) to the horizontal
side.
 There is a problem on the horizontal section of the monitor
circuit board.
 This symptom may also be the horizontal deflection' coil or its
connection opened. However, unsolder the horizontal transistor
from its board and measure it by using a multi-meter. [Usually
Done by an electronics expert]
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Contd.
Problem
 The Monitor shows only one bright horizontal line in the
center of the screen

 Solution
 The monitor is unable to pull the beam to the vertical the
vertical side
 There is a problem in the vertical section [vertical IC].
 Cable between the system unit and monitor might fail or
disconnected.
 Display adapter fault.
 Vertical deflection coil or its connection is opened.
63
Contd.
Problem
 The Monitor shows only one bright point in the center of
the screen

Solution
 The monitor is unable to pull the beam to horizontal and
vertical side of the monitor.
 Check the horizontal transistor and vertical IC.

64
Contd.
Problem
 No Power light appears on the Computer (Monitor &.
System Unit) and there is no display on the screen.
Solution
 Check the power line from the wall outlet.
 Check the adapter sockets.
 Check the power cables.
 Check that the system unit's power supply is plugged into
the wall outlet (adapter socket)
 Check that the monitor is plugged into the wall outlet
(adapter socket).
 Check the system unit's ON\ OFF switch.
 Check the monitor's ON\OFF switch.
65
Contd.
Problem
 black screen, no power light and no fan sounds.
Solution
 Both the system unit and the monitor not getting
power properly.
 Is it plugged in?
 Is the wall outlet power working?
 Or Computer's power supply has gone bad

66
Contd.
Problem
 The monitor and computer system Power lights came
on but there is no picture on the screen.
Solution
 Reseat the video card firmly. [Don't forget ESD]
 The video cable (pins) might fail. [So check it]
 The video card might fail. [Replace it]
 The monitor might fail.
 Use the replacement method.

67
Contd.
 Problem
 A PC shuts down and reboots without warning.
 Solution
 Fluctuation in voltage would cause sudden restart or
shutdown.
 Heat problem could cause restart after a few minutes of
operation.
 Check the power supply fan.
 Check the CPU cooling fan.
 Check also the thermal compound [grease] between the
CPU chipset and heat sink.
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