Lesson 1.1 - Relation and Function

Relations and Functions
Relation
• a rule that relates values from a set (domain) to a second set of values
(range)
• set of ordered pairs (x,y)
Function
• is a relation where each element in the domain is related to only one
value in the range by some rule
• no two ordered pairs have the same x-value but different y-values
• usually represented by the equation y = f(x)
Function as a Machine
f
Writing a Function
“f of x is equal to 2x.”
Example:
Function Rule: Multiply each input by 3.
Function:
f(x) = 3x or y = 3x
Input (x) Function Rule Output (y)

-1 x3 -3
0 x3 0
1 x3 3
2 x3 6
3 x3 9
Write the function which represents the given
table of values.
Input (x) Output (y)
-1 -1
0 1
1 3 Ans.
2 5
y = 2x+1
3 7
Functions and Relations can be
represented using:
1. Set Notation
2. Equation
3. Mapping Diagram
4. Graph
Example 1: Determine if the set of ordered pairs
is a function or relation.
a.) f = { (1,2), (2,2), (3,5), (4,5) }
- Function
b.) g = { (1,3), (1,4), (2,5), (2,6), (3,7) }
- Relation
c.) h = { (1,3), (2,6), (3,9), (4,12),… }
- Function
d.) i = { (7,-4), (5,6), (8,-5), (7,3) }
- Relation
Example 2: Determine if the given mapping diagram
represents a function.
1.)
FUNCTION
“One-to-One” Relationship
2.)
FUNCTION
“Many-to-One” Relationship
3.)
RELATION
“One-to-Many” Relationship
Graph of Functions and Relations
A = { (9,-3), (4,-2), (1,-1), (0,0), (1,1), (4,2), (9,3) }
B = { (1,5), (2,4), (3,3), (4,2), (5,1), (6,0) }
Vertical Line Test
• A graph represents a function if and only if each
vertical line intersects the graph at most once.
Relation Function
Function Relation
Function
Function
Relation
Polynomial Function
a function with the form:
f(x) = anx n + an-1 x n-1 + an-2 x n-2 +…+ a1x + a0
where a is any real number and n is a whole number
Examples:
f(x) = 3x2 + 4x +1
g(x) = 5x4 – 2
y = 6x3 – 2x
Types of polynomial functions:
1. CONSTANT FUNCTIONS: f(x) = b 3. QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS:
Ex. f(x) = 3 f(x) = ax2+bx+c
g(x) = -5 Ex. f(x) = x2
y=½ g(x) = 4 - x2
2. LINEAR FUNCTIONS: f(x) = mx + b y = x2+2x+1
Ex. f(x) = 3x + 2
g(x) = 5x – 4
3
y= 𝑥 -9
4
Domain and Range of a Function
Domain
is the set of x-values for which the function
is defined.
Range
is the set of y-values for which the function
is defined.
f(x) = 3
g(x) = -5
y=½
f(x) = 3x + 2 g(x) = 5x – 4
3
y= 𝑥-9 For any linear
4
function,
D = {x|x ϵ R}
R = {y|y ϵ R}
f(x) = x2 g(x) = 4 - x2
D = {x|x ϵ R} D = {x|x ϵ R}
R = {y|y ≥ 0} R = {y|y ≤ 4}
y = x2+2x+1
D= {x|x ϵ R}
R= {y|y ≥ 0}
Which of the following
equations represents a Answers:
function? 1. function
Identify the domain and D= {x|x ϵ R}, R={y|y ϵ R}
range for each relation
using set builder notation. 2. function
D= {x|x ϵ R}, R={y|y ≥ 0}
1. f(x) = -2x + 1 3. function
2
2. y = x – 2x + 1 D={x|x ≥ 0}, R={y|y ≥ 0}
4. relation
3. y = 𝑥 D={x|x ≥ 0}, R={y|y ϵ R}
4. y2 = x
Functions as representations of real life situations:
1. Eli pays for 150 pesos per hour in a videoke hub.
Express the amount she pays as f(x) where x is the no.
of hours.
Ans. f(x) = 150x
2. Dustin charges Php 50 per hour for mowing lawns.
Express the amount he charges as f(x) where x is the
no. of hours.
Ans. f(x) = 50x
3. The entrance fee to a movie house is Php 50. Each
movie costs Php 75. Express the total cost as f(x).
Ans. f(x) = 75x + 50
4. Maria charges Php 200 per hour for coaching, with
a minimum charge of Php 300. Express the amount
she earns as f(x). How much will she earn after
coaching for 5 hours?
Ans. f(x) = 200x + 300
f(5) = 200(5) + 300 = 1300 php
Activity 1: Writing Functions 3. Maya has an internet service that
currently has a monthly access fee of
1. A flower boutique sells roses Php 1,000 and a connection fee of
for Php 45 each. Write a Php 50 per hour. Represent her
function that represents the monthly cost as a function of
total cost of roses bought by a connection time.
customer.
4. Jason goes to Boom-na-Boom
2. A tree grows 20cm every year, theme park where he pays Php
so the height of the tree is related 10.00 admission and Php 5.00 per
to its age. ride.
a.) Write the function. a.) Write a function that describes
this situation where f(x) is the total
b.) Find the height of the tree if its amount of expenses.
age is 5 years.
b.) Find the amount Jason spent
after riding 12 rides.
Challenge
A rectangular garden is enclosed by 60 m of

fencing. Write a function that represents the
enclosed area, in terms of x.
Solution: A = xy
P = 2x + 2y A = x(30-x)
60 = 2x + 2y A = 30x – x2
y = 30 - x
Piecewise Functions
•A piecewise function is defined by
two or more functions over a
specified domain.
Examples of piecewise functions:
𝑥 + 1, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 1
a. 𝑓(𝑥) =ቊ
−𝑥 + 2, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 1
What is f(2)?
f(2) = -2+2 = 0
𝑥 + 2, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 0
b. 𝑓(𝑥) = ቊ 2
−𝑥 + 2, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 0
What is f(-4)?
f(-4) = -(-4)2 + 2 = -14
Example 1:
A chocolate bar costs P40 per piece.
However, if you buy more than 10 pieces, they
will be marked down to a price of P35 per piece.
Use a piecewise function to represent the cost in
terms of the number of chocolate bars bought.
40𝑥, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 10
Ans. 𝑓(𝑥) =ቊ
35𝑥, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 10
Example 2. A user is charged P300 monthly for a
particular mobile plan, which includes 100 free
text messages. Messages in excess of 100 are
charged P1 each.
a) Represent the amount consumer pays each

month as a function of the number of messages
t(m) sent in a month.
b) Find the amount paid if the consumer has sent
a total of 125 messages.
Solution:
a) Let t(m) = amount paid by the consumer in peso.
b) t(125) = 300 + (125-100)

= 300 + (25)
= 325 pesos
3. A jeepney ride costs P8 for the first 4
kilometers and each additional kilometer adds
P1.50 to the fare.
a.)Use a piecewise function to represent the

jeepney fare in terms of the distance (d) in
kilometers.
b.) Find the cost if the jeepney traveled a

distance of 8 kilometers.
3.
a)
b)
F(8) = 8 + 1.5 (8-4)
= 8 + 1.5 (4)
=8+6
= 14 pesos

Lesson 1.1 - Relation and Function

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Lesson 1.1 - Relation and Function

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Relations and Functions

Input (x) Function Rule Output (y)

A rectangular garden is enclosed by 60 m of

a) Represent the amount consumer pays each

b) t(125) = 300 + (125-100)

a.)Use a piecewise function to represent the

b.) Find the cost if the jeepney traveled a

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