Root apical meristem
Meristem
Embryonic, undifferentied
Totepotent
Actively dividing
Histolgical ls root tip
Root cap
Procambium – primitive/origin= pro of vascular tissues, gives rise to primary xylem and phloem, found
inside the bundle
Protoderm= gives rise to dermal tisse
Corn Quiesent center or zone – non-actively dividing, purpose to recovery/ repair damaged tissues
Dicot – circular vb
Monocot – scatters vb
Interfascicular parenchyma/cambium- located bet two succeeding vb, it prvodes secondary meristem to
develop the secondary xylem and phloem (only happens when plant develop into a tree)
dy-why not seen in
- when does xylem grow
Fascicular - procambrium
and interfacicular –
Lateral meristem – diameter and girth
Pine tree – capable of secondary growth brought by LM
Vascular cambium- inside, xylem
Cork cambium –, aka phellogen located outside. Phloem and bark(only found in tree-forming plants,
when not only procambium)
Cork-phellem
Phelloderm –
PRM – perpendicular, right angle
Apical cell – tip most structure in shoot tip, meristematic and only differentiated whne mature in gilid
Dracena – monocot of fam asparagaceae
- Graminea/ poace fam of grassesvlike poa and bombusa and Eleusine oriza cea
In monot and grass allies
Intercalary meristem – kanila lang only in monocot stem and in grass family , darkenedbetween nodes,
allows fast regeneration and repair of the damaged structure
Lesson 4.2
Ground tissues
Types: Parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma
Parrenchyma – continuous masses, magkakasama, vertical in vascular tissues and horizontal in sec
Thin and only primary cell wall
-eveolve first
Tyloses -when too much block water lead to death
Active diffusion and osmosis in bryophyte that doesn’t have other tissues other than parenchyma
Pteridophyta and conifer/Gymnospermae – first yung collen scleren
Aerenchyma – has air structure for boutancy
Wide variety of function
Store substances- plastids, a,yloplasts and elaioplast
Chlorenchyma – chloren green
Collenchyma – mas makapal cell wall sa paren
Edges, midleaf and veneations of leaf has more collen
Adaxial – shiny up
Abaxial – ilalim
Midrib -
Angular, lamellar, lacunar
Sclerenchyma
-dead at maturity but still provides function which is supports and hardens
- cell lumen deteriorates as time
- only type which has secondary cell walss
- lignin – a type of protein in plants that creates this very strong support to cells
Two types of
fibers = thread, long
usually run in stem, some in leaves and roots
sclereid – additional strentgth to paets of plants that are relatively soft, seeds, fruits or specialized parts
Types of sclereids
Brachyslecrieds -seed coats and seeds
- Stone cells, tough and sandy
Astrosclereid – nymphaea, plants with aerenchyma
For additional structural support
- Sometimes look like stars
- Additional function against herbivory
Macrosclereids
Osteorsclereids, thicker but shorter
both in beans
