Republic of the Philippines

UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM

Province of Rizal

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

EL 120: Campus Journalism

Assignment No. 1

Rina Mae R. Santiago Jan.21, 2021

Name: __________________________Year/Section_________Date______________
III-English

Directions: Look for the answer to the following and acknowledge your sources

for your answer.

1. The Scope and Nature of Journalism

Journalism is concerned, primarily, with the collection and dissemination of news through the
print media as well as the electronic media. This involves various areas of work like reporting, writing,
editing, photographing, broadcasting or cable casting news items. If covers the printed media that
comes in the form of broadsheets, tabloids, newsletters and magazines.

As regards to its etymology, journalism comes from the Latin word, diurnal, which means daily.
That is why there is the word journal—a daily register of one’s activities. Hence, journalism is a
communication of day-to-day information, whether through sounds, pictures and words. Few places
where journalism may appear include newspapers, magazines, televisions, radios and the internet.

Newspapers are the oldest and most traditional format for the inclusion of journalism. They are
regularly scheduled publications containing news of current events, informative articles, diverse features
and advertising.

Magazines are publications containing variety of articles that are generally published on a regular
schedule, whether it be weekly, monthly or quarterly. They usually take a much more relaxed format
than newspapers, with a more informal style to their writing. They are also usually focused on a
particular subject or area of interest, whereas newspaper articles can cover almost any topic.

Television news journalism, including radio, is known as news broadcasting and is produced locally in a
newsroom or by a broadcast network. It sometimes also includes such additional material as sports
coverage, weather forecasts, traffic reports, commentary, and other material that the broadcaster
considers relevant to the intended audience. Most major television channels offer regular news
broadcasts throughout the day.

Internet communications have excelled in the last decade or so of course, taking the way news is
published with it. There are now an uncountable of reputable and not-so-reputable sources of
information on the internet. Everything from digitized versions of the very newspapers that headed up
the first print media movements hundreds of years ago, to independent bloggers reporting their own
stories from the comfort of their own laptops.

2. Journalism vs. Literature

All journalistic ventures are grounded on facts, on truth and on actuality. Redundant as it may,
facts are the foundation of all the ambits of journalism.

Journalism and literature are both forms of writing, consumed by the public and have relative
style. They may be guided by set rules. Literature is based on the wandering imagination of a writer. It is
categorized into prose and poetry. Journalism, on the other hand, has main genres that include news,
editorial and features. Journalistic genres follow the strict method of dividing ideas through paragraphs
while literature has a variety of forms and styles.

3. Tenets of Journalism
Going into the road of journalism entails not only knowledge but also responsibilities. Hence, their
journalists are bound by strict guidelines. Journalists have rights, but they must bear on shoulders the
duties to serve the interest of the public.

1. Responsibility. Journalists should always be aware of their obligations to their readers to write
the truth whatever it costs. For this reason, journalists must be brave enough to defend facts
and the truth behind the news. In this sense, the journalists’ main responsibility is to be the
transmitter of veracity in any issue, and that they are liable not to the company but to the
public.
2. Freedom of the Press. As a basic right, freedom of the press should be safeguarded by the
people of media. In this case, any topic under the sweltering heat of the sun may be written so
long as there is no infraction to the existing laws of the land.
3. Independence
4. Objectivity, Truthfulness and Accuracy

4. Killers of Balanced Reporting

1. Yellow Journalism
2. New Journalism
3. Advocacy Journalism
4. Stylistic Journalism
5. Editorializing
5. Limitations of the Press

According to Quora, some of the extent and boundaries of freedom of press are:

 Government cannot sue to prevent the press from printing some information, even if
they don’t have a legal right to have the information (classified or stolen
information).
 Freedom of press is a fundamental personal right that extends to any sort of
publication that can carry information or opinions.
 The First Amendment prevents the government from interfering with your freedom
of the press, but it does not prevent private interests (people or companies) from
interfering with that freedom. For example, some radio or TV personalities have lost
their jobs because of what they said using their freedom of the press. Freedom from
government censorship does not equal freedom from consequences.
 Press organizations can be sued for libel or defamation or similar torts, but if the
person suing is a public figure, then they must show that the press acted with actual
malice or knew of the inaccuracy of their statement and published it with reckless
disregard for the truth. This is a very difficult standard to meet.
 Reporters who have confidential sources can be subpoenaed by the courts to divulge
those sources when the information the source holds is key to a pending lawsuit.
Some states have “press shield” laws. These laws prohibit reporters from being
forced to divulge their confidential sources. Other states and the Federal government
have no press shield laws, so reporters can be held in contempt of court for refusing
to divulge their sources. There have been several notable cases of this happening.
Currently some jurisdictions have extended the press shield laws to online bloggers
and social media users while others have not done so, so there is no firm rule on how
far these laws extend.
 School newspapers that are funded by the school may be censored by the Principal or
other school officials.
 Media cannot be prosecuted for publishing classified information, but those who
have a duty to protect that information can be prosecuted for supplying the
information to the media.
 Some states have laws prohibiting the media from publishing the identities of some
crime victims such as incest victims or the identities of some child criminals. There is
some question as to the constitutionality of these restrictions, but legitimate
publishers voluntarily comply with these restrictions even in jurisdictions where there
are no such laws, which is why there is little actual case law to determine if these
laws are constitutional.

Functions and Duties of the Press

1. The quality of the paper must be reflected in the editorial policy.

2. Newspaper must have integrity and reader’s confidence.

 3. Newspaper may educate, stimulate, assist or entertain. Thus, a journalist has a moral
obligation to balance public interest and gains.

4. Freedom of the press encompasses responsibility of the newspaper.

5. The press must practice the principles of unbiased journalism.

REFERENCE

https://www.scribd.com/document/488091597/Campus-Journalism-Modules-I-II-and-III

https://prezi.com/wbywcutypghj/nature-and-scope-of-journalism/

https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-limitations-of-freedom-of-press