Sri Ramakrishna Polytechnic College: Seminar On

SRI RAMAKRISHNA ENGINEERING COLLEGE
VATTAMALAIPALAYAM, N.G.G.O. COLONY POST, COIMBATORE – 641 022.
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING
SRI RAMAKRISHNA POLYTECHNIC

COLLEGE
Seminar on
Embedded System
Presented by :
S.Kaushik,
Asst.Prof(Sr.G) / EIE
Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College
Coimbatore 22.
2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 1

Overview
Embedded System – Introduction
ARM 7 (LPC2148) - Introduction
Embedded Programming

What are Embedded Systems?
• Computers are embedded within other systems: What is

“other systems”? – Hard to define.
• Any computing system other than desktop / laptop

server.
• Typical examples:
• Washing machine, refrigerator, camera, vehicles, airplane,
missile, printer.
• Processors are often very simple and inexpensive

(depending on application of course).
• Billions of embedded system units produced yearly,

versus millions of desktop units.

Common Features of Embedded Systems
• They are special-purpose or single-functioned
• Tight constraints on cost, energy, form factor, etc

• Low cost, low power, small size, relatively fast
• They must react to events in real-time.

• Responds to inputs from the system’s environment.
• Must compute certain results in real-time without delay.

Introduction to Embedded Systems
• How to define an Embedded System?
• It is a microcontroller-based system that is designed to control a

function or range of functions, and is not meant to be programmed
by the end user.
• The user may make choices concerning the functionality but cannot
change them.
• The user cannot make modifications to the software.

• Can you “program” your washing machine or refrigerator or car?
• Not today … but not very sure of the near future

Embedded System Hardware
Figure 1 Information flow in Microcontroller
2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 1-6

Types of Embedded Systems
Stand Alone Embedded Systems Real Time Embedded Systems

It takes the input from the input System which gives a required o/p
ports either analog or digital and in a particular time.
Processes, calculates and converts These types of embedded systems
the data and gives the resulting follow the time deadlines for
data through the connected device completion of a task.
Mobile Embedded Systems

Networked Embedded Systems
Portable embedded devices like
These types of embedded systems
cell phones, mobiles, digital
are related to a network to access
cameras, mp3 players and
the resources
personal digital assistants, etc.

• Stand Alone Embedded Systems
• Real Time Embedded Systems

• Networked Embedded Systems
• Mobile Embedded System

Simple to Complex Embedded System
Figure 2 Embedded Application based on simple to complex

Simple to Complex Embedded System
Figure 3 Microcontroller complexity based on the applications

Embedded Linux - Companies
Figure 4 Companies supporting Embedded Linux

Microcontroller ?

Microcontroller
• A microcontroller is a small computer on a single

integrated circuit.
• A microcontroller contains
• one or more processor
• memory and
• programmable input/output peripherals.

Microcontroller
• Microcontrollers are "embedded" inside some other

device (often a consumer product)
• Microcontrollers are dedicated to one task and run

one specific program.
• Microcontrollers are often low-power devices.
• A microcontroller is often small and low cost.

Computer Vs Microcontroller

Computer parts
Figure 5 Computer parts

CMOS & BIOS
Monitor
Hard Disk
Keyboard & Mouse

Mother Board
RAM
Printer & Speaker

CPU
Figure 6 Function of a computer
Microcontroller
Figure 7 Function of a microcontroller

General Purpose Computer vs
Microcontroller

ARM
• Architectural ideas developed in 1983 by Acorn

Computers.
• To replace the 8-bit 6502 microprocessor in BBC

computers.
• The first commercial RISC implementation.

• The company founded in 1990.
• Advanced RISC Machine (ARM).
• Initially owned by Acorn, Apple and VLSI

ARM
• One of the most widely used processor cores.
• Some application examples:

• ARM7: iPod
• ARM9: BenQ, Sony Ericsson
• ARM11: Apple iPhone, Nokia N93, N100
• 90% of 32-bit embedded RISC processors till 2010.
• Mainly used in battery-operated devices:

• Due to low power consumption and reasonably good
performance.

ARM
• A simple RISC-based architecture with powerful design.

• A whole family of ARM processors exist.
• Share similar design principles and a common
instruction set.
• Design philosophy:
• Small processor for lower power consumption (for embedded
system applications).
• High code density for limited memory and physical size
restrictions.
• Can interface with slow and low-cost memory systems.
• Reduced die size for processor to accommodate more
peripherals

ARM Types

LPC2148

LPC2148

LPC2148

PIN Details
• LPC2148 has two 32-bit General Purpose I/O ports.

1. PORT0
2. PORT1
• PORT0 is a 32-bit port
• Out of these 32 pins, 28 pins can be configured as either
general purpose input or output.
• 1 of these 32 pins (P0.31) can be configured as general-
purpose output only.
• 3 of these 32 pins (P0.24, P0.26 and P0.27) are reserved.
Hence, they are not available for use. Also, these pins are not
mentioned in pin diagram.
• PORT1 is also a 32-bit port. Only 16 of these 32 pins
(P1.16 – P1.31) are available for use as general-purpose
input or output.

Pin Function Select Registers
• There are 3 Pin Function Select Registers in

LPC2148:
1. PINSEL0 : - PINSEL0 is used to configure

PORT0 pins P0.0 to P0.15.



IO Registers
IOxPIN (GPIO Port Pin value register):

Examples :
a) Writing 1 to P0.4 using IO0PIN
IO0PIN = IO0PIN | (1<<4)
b) Writing 0 to P0.4 using IO0PIN
IO0PIN = IO0PIN & (~(1<<4) )
c) Writing F to P0.7-P0.4
IO0PIN = IO0PIN | (0x000000F0)

I/O Registers
• IOxSET
• IOxDIR
• IOxCLR

Programming

THANK YOU

Sri Ramakrishna Polytechnic College: Seminar On

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Sri Ramakrishna Polytechnic College: Seminar On

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SRI RAMAKRISHNA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

VATTAMALAIPALAYAM, N.G.G.O. COLONY POST, COIMBATORE – 641 022.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING

SRI RAMAKRISHNA POLYTECHNIC

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 1

Embedded System – Introduction

ARM 7 (LPC2148) - Introduction

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 2

• Computers are embedded within other systems: What is

• Any computing system other than desktop / laptop

• Processors are often very simple and inexpensive

• Billions of embedded system units produced yearly,

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 3

• They are special-purpose or single-functioned

• Tight constraints on cost, energy, form factor, etc

• They must react to events in real-time.

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 4

• How to define an Embedded System?

• It is a microcontroller-based system that is designed to control a

• The user cannot make modifications to the software.

• Not today … but not very sure of the near future

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 5

Figure 1 Information flow in Microcontroller

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 1-6

Stand Alone Embedded Systems Real Time Embedded Systems

Mobile Embedded Systems

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 7

• Stand Alone Embedded Systems

• Real Time Embedded Systems

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 8

• Networked Embedded Systems

• Mobile Embedded System

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 9

Figure 2 Embedded Application based on simple to complex

Figure 3 Microcontroller complexity based on the applications

Figure 4 Companies supporting Embedded Linux

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 13

• A microcontroller is a small computer on a single

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 14

• Microcontrollers are "embedded" inside some other

• Microcontrollers are dedicated to one task and run

• Microcontrollers are often low-power devices.

• A microcontroller is often small and low cost.

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 15

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 16

Figure 5 Computer parts

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 17

Keyboard & Mouse

Printer & Speaker

Figure 7 Function of a microcontroller

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 20

• Architectural ideas developed in 1983 by Acorn

• To replace the 8-bit 6502 microprocessor in BBC

• The first commercial RISC implementation.

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 21

• One of the most widely used processor cores.

• Some application examples:

• 90% of 32-bit embedded RISC processors till 2010.

• Mainly used in battery-operated devices:

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 22

• A simple RISC-based architecture with powerful design.

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 23

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 24

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 25

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 26

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 27

• LPC2148 has two 32-bit General Purpose I/O ports.

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 28

• There are 3 Pin Function Select Registers in

1. PINSEL0 : - PINSEL0 is used to configure

2. PINSEL1 : - PINSEL1 is used to configure

3. PINSEL2 : - PINSEL2 is used to configure

2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 29

IOxPIN (GPIO Port Pin value register):

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2/22/2021 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - SRPTC 31