Phased Array Lab Exercises

SOUTHEAST COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Phased Array
Lab Exercises
OmniScan MX
Phase Array Lab Exercises
OmniScan MX
_____ 1. Straight Beam exam of SDHs in IIW Sector Scan with a 64 Element Probe (Aluminum
or Steel IIW)
_____ 2. Straight Beam exam of FBHs in Aluminum ONDT PA Demo Block Linear Scan with
a 64 Element Probe
_____ 3. Angle Beam Sectorial Calibration with the 5L16 Element Probe
_____ 4. Angle Beam Sectorial Calibration with the 5L64 Element Probe
_____ 5. Angle Beam Linear Calibration with the 5L64 Element Probe
_____ 6. Phased Array Element Operability Procedure 5L64 Element Probe
_____ 7. Angle Beam Wedge Delay Calibration in Steel with the 5L16 Element Probe
_____ 8. Angle Beam Sensitivity Calibration in Steel with the 5L16 Element Probe
_____ 9. DAC Calibration in Aluminum with the 5L16 Element Probe
_____ 10. TCG Calibration in Aluminum or Steel with the 5L16 Element Probe
_____ 11. Encoder Calibration
_____ 12. Group Set Up for Multi-group technique
_____ 13. Data Acquisition and Data Analysis Weld Examination, Single Line Scans
Phased Array Lab Exercise
Procedure 1
5L64 Straight Beam Sectorial Scan w/o Wedge Calibration Using SDHs
The Calibration: Use a Steel or Aluminum IIW Block

5L64 PA Probe
UT Range – 5 inches
Focus Depth – 2 inches
Set Reading Fields for: A%, DA, PA, and SA
Probe/Part > Select > Auto Detect the Probe
> Wedge > Contact: Use Teflon Tape
> Parts > Thickness > 4 inches

> Material Type > Steel or Aluminum
Focal Law > Law Config > Sectorial
> Apeture > Elements > 16

> First Element > 24
> Wave Type > L-wave
> Beam > Min Angle > -30 deg

> Max Angle > 30 deg
> Angle Step > 1 degree
> Focus Depth > 2 inches
UT Settings > General > dB

> Start
> Range > 5 inches
> Wedge Delay
> Velocity > Can adjust velocity
> Pulser > Voltage > 80

> PW > Auto
> PRF > Optimum
> Receiver > Filter > 5 MHz
> Video Filter > On

(Video filter smoothes the A-scan to enhance image
quality)
Display > Display > AS[C]

> C-scan > Off/On
> Overlay > UT Unit > True Depth or Sound path
> Gate
> Cursor
> Overlay
Gate/Alarm > Gate > A, B, or I

> Parameters > Position
> Start
> Width
> Threshold > 10%
Notes: Adjust gate parameters

Change from True depth to Sound Path
Vary Focal depth
Scan SDHs on bottom half (far side resolution) and on top half of the block (near
side resolution)
Scan 3 SDHs
Sweep angles and observe A-scan
Turn Filters on/off
Change Number of Elements (16/8/4), observe resolution
Procedure 2
5L64 Straight Beam Linear Scan with Wedge Calibration Using FBHs
The Calibration: Use Aluminum ONDT PA Demo Block

5L64 PA Probe
UT Range – 1.25 inches
Focus Depth – 0.800 inches
> Wedge > Straight Beam Wedge SA2 0L
> Parts > Thickness > 1 inches

> Material Type > Aluminum
Focal Law > Law Config > Linear at 0 Degrees
> Aperture > Elements > 16

> First Element > 1
> Last Element > 64
> Beam > Min Angle > 0 deg.

> Focus Depth > 0.8 inches

> Start
> Range > 1.25 inches
> Wedge Delay

> PW > Auto
> PRF > Optimum
> Video Filter > On

quality)
Display > Display > AS[C]

> C-scan > Off > A%
> Overlay > UT Unit > True Depth or Sound path
> Gate
> Cursor
> Overlay

> Parameters > Position
> Start
> Width
> Threshold > 10%
Scan FBHs in Demo Block
> Display > Scan > AS[C] turn ‘C’ on
Diameters Depth Remaining Ligament
Large 0.375” 0.500” 0.500”
Medium 0.250” 0.250” 0.750”
Small 0.125” 0.125” 0.875”
Freeze Scans (#8 Key on Omni Front Panel Alpha-numeric)
Display > AB[S]
Notes: Set DA, SA, and PA

Adjust Gates
Vary Focal depth
Scan FBHs
Sweep VPAs and observe A-scan
Turn Filters on/off
Wedge Delay Calibration
Wizard > Calibration > Select Calibration

> Type > Ultrasound
> Mode > Wedge Delay
> Start >
This brings up 3 window panes
> S Scan
> A Scan
> Cal Wedge Delay (Indicates all
VPA)
Set Depth A
Echo Type > Depth

Depth A > 1 inch
Tolerance > Default is 0.039 (1 mm)
Next
Set Section > First VPA

> Last VPA
Next
Set Gate A > Start

> Width
> Threshold
> Depth A
Next
> Gain
> Clear Envelop
> Calibrate
> Restart
Accept
The focal laws have been calculated for all VPA’s which are set at 1inch in depth.
This is a true depth calibration.

Procedure 3
5L16 Angle Beam Calibration Using SDHs in IIW Block
The Calibration: Use a Steel or Aluminum IIW Block

5L16 PA Probe with SA10 N55 S Wedge
> Wedge > Select Wedge > SA10 N55S
> Parts > Geometry > Plate

> Thickness > 2 inches
> Material Type > Steel or Aluminum
Focal Law > Law Config > Sectorial
> Apeture > Elements > 16

> First Element > 1
> Wave Type > S-wave
> Beam > Min Angle > 45 deg

> Max Angle > 60 deg
> Focus Depth > .800 inches
Display > Display > A-S

> Overlay > UT Unit > True Depth

> Start
> Range > 2 inches
> Wedge Delay

> PW > Auto
> PRF > Optimum
> Video Filter > On

quality)
Notes: Scan SDHs

Adjust gate
Vary Focal depth
side resolution)
Scan 3 SDHs
Move Depth Cursors
Sweep angles and observe A-scan
Turn Filters on/off
Procedure 4
5L64 Straight Beam Sectorial Scan Calibration Using SDHs in NAVSHIPS Block
The Calibration: Use NAVSHIP Block

5L65 PA Probe
SA2 N55S Wedge
> Wedge > SA2 N55S
> Parts > Thickness > 1.25 inches

> Material Type > Steel
Focal Law > Law Config > Scan Type > Sectorial

> First Element > 24
> Last Element >

> Max Angle > 70 deg.

> Start
> Range > 3 inches
> Wedge Delay

> PW > Auto
> PRF > Optimum
> Video Filter > On

quality)
Notes: Adjust Gates
Change from True Depth to Half Path
Vary Focal Depth (.6, .4, and .2)
side resolution)
Scan 3 SDHs
Move Depth Cursor
Sweep Angles and observe A-scan
Turn Filters on/off
Change number of Elements (16,8,4), observe resolution
Procedure 5
5L64 Angle Beam Linear Scan Calibration Using SDHs in NAVSHIPS Block
The Calibration: Use NAVSHIP Block

5L64 PA Probe
SA2 N55S Wedge
> Wedge > SA2 N55S
> Parts > Thickness > 1.25 inches

> Material Type > Steel
Focal Law > Law Config > Scan Type > Linear

> First Element > 1
> Last Element > 64
> Beam > Min Angle > 45, 60, or 70 deg.

> Max Angle >
UT Settings > General > Range > 3 inches

> Gain

> PW > Auto
> PRF > Optimum
> Video Filter > On
Display > Overlay > UT Unit > True Depth or Sound Path
Notes: Change angles to 60 and 70 degrees
Adjust Gates
Change from True Depth to Half Path
Vary Focal Depth (.6, .4, and .2)
Scan SDHs
Move Depth Cursor
Sweep Angles and observe A-scan
Turn Filters on/off
Change number of Elements (16,8,4), observe resolution
Turn block over scan with SDHs near bottom
Procedure 6
Phased Array Transducer Element Operability Verification
The Phased Array Probe (ie.. 5L64 with SA2 0L Wedge) shall be checked for element
performance whenever the examiner suspects transducer operability or as a minimum weekly.
Each Phased Array transducer must be tested to check each element for its ability to transmit and
receive ultrasonic energy. This Operability Verification determines the performance of each
transmitter/receiver module, and cable conductivity for each channel. The OmniScan shall be
programmed so that only one channel is activated at a time in a pulse/echo mode.
The Verification: Use 5L64 PA Probe

Use SA2 0L Wedge
Set Wedge to Contact
Material Type – Plexiglass
Focal Law > Law Config > Linear at 0 degrees

> First Element > 1
> Last Element > 64
UT Settings > Range > Scoll back to display the initial Pulse

> Threshold > 40% FSH
Scan through each of the elements to observe the element with the highest amplitude signal, set
this one to 80% FSH.
Readings > Cursors > VPA
Scan through all the elements and record the wedge back wall reflection amplitude response for
each element. The amplitude of the wedge signal received from each element should be
approximately the same amplitude.
Any element that does not produce a signal is considered dead. There shall not be two dead
elements adjacent to each other. Any element that produces a signal that is 6 dB less that the
maximum element response shall be considered defective.
Generally, no more than 25% of the used elements or (VPA)shall be defective. However, if an
acceptable calibration can be performed, then this may not be an issue. Calibration shall be
accomplished with the same search units and wedges to be used during the examination.
Note: When a new Phased Array Probe is received it is strongly recommended that a probe
operability test shall be performed and documented for each element to establish a baseline.
Periodic Element Operability should be performed weekly or monthly and at least prior to a
PAUT Inspection.
Procedure 7
Angle Beam Wedge Delay Calibration Using SDHs in NAVSHIP Block
The Calibration: Use 5L16 PA Probe

SA10 N55S Wedge
Calibrate on the 0.500 inch deep SDH
UT Range – 1 inch
Focus depth – 0.500 inches
Set Reading Fields: A%, DA, SA, and PA
Probe/Part > Select > Select Probe >

> Select Wedge >
> Parts > Geometry >
> Thickness >
> Material >
Focal Laws > Law Config > Sectorial >
> Aperture > Element Qty > 16

> First Element > 1
> Beam > Min Angle > 40 or 45 deg.

> Max Angle > 65 or 70 deg.
> Focus depth > 0.500 inches
Display > Selection > A-S

> Overlay > UT Unit > True depth
Once the Phased Array Parameters are established, perform the Wedge Delay Calibration.

> Type > Ultrasound
> Mode > Wedge Delay
> Start

> S scan
> A scan
> Cal Wedge Delay
> Set Depth A

> Echo Type
> Depth A > 0.500
Next
> Set Section > First Angle

> Last Angle
Next
> Set Gate A > Start

> Width
> Threshold
> Depth A
Scan probe back away from the 0.500 inch deep

SDH so that all focal laws will be observed.
Next > Gain

> Clear Envelop
> Calibrate
> Accept
> Restart
Scan probe forward toward 0.500 inch deep SDH so

that all focal laws will be observed through the
calibration lines
Accept
The focal laws have been calculated for all angles to be set at 0.500
inches below the surface.
This is True Depth or Wedge Calibration.

Procedure 8
Angle Beam Sensitivity Calibration Using SDHs in NAVSHIP Block
The Calibration: Use 5L16 PA Probe

SA10 N55S Wedge
Calibrate on the 0.500” deep SDH
UT Range – 1 inch
Focus depth – 0.500 inches
Probe/Part > Select > Select Probe >

> Select Wedge >
> Parts > Geometry >
> Thickness >
> Material >
Focal Laws > Law Config > Sectorial >
> Aperture > Element Qty > 16

> First Element > 1

> Max Angle > 70 deg.
> Focus depth > 0.500 inches
Display > Selection > A-S

> Overlay > UT Unit > True depth
Once the Phased Array Parameters are established, perform the Sensitivity Calibration.

> Type > Ultrasound
> Mode > Sensitivity
> Start

> S scan
> A scan
> Cal Sensitivity
Set Reference Amplitude

> Ref. Amplitude > 80%
> Tolerance > 5.0%
Next
> Set Section > First Angle

> Last Angle
Next
> Set Gate A > Start

> Width
> Threshold
> Depth A
Scan probe back away from the 0.500 inch deep

SDH so that all focal laws will be observed.
Next > Gain

> Clear Envelop
> Calibrate
> Accept
> Restart
Scan probe forward toward 0.500 inch deep SDH so

that all focal laws will be observed through the
calibration lines
Accept
The focal laws have been calculated for all angles to be set at 80%
amplitude for the 0.500 deep SDH.
Scan through the 0.500 inch deep SDH and observe the S-scan
display.
This is a Sensitivity Calibration.

Procedure 9
DAC Calibration
The Calibration: Use the ONDT Demo Block

Use 5L16 PA Probe
SA10 N55S Wedge
Calibrate on the 0.250”, 0.500”, and 0.750” deep SDHs
UT Range – 1 inch
Perform Wedge Delay and Sensitivity Calibrations for the 0.250 deep SDH calibration reflector
in the Aluminum Demo Block.
Display > Overlay > UT Unit > True Depth
Display > Display > A S Scan
In the A scan and S scan view, peak the signal from the 0.250” deep SDH at the minimum angle,
peak this first hole and set the amplitude to 80% FSH.
Gate/Alarm > Sizing Curves > Curve > DAC
Note: This will display several DAC Lines
Peak the highest amplitude from the 0.250” deep SDH
Set to 80% FSH. Use Ref Gain
Set DAC Curve Step to 7 dB**

> Curve Step > 7 dB
> Mode > Edit
> Point > 1,2,3,
Record the peaked signal (DA) value in the position box. (DA)
Record the Amplitude in the position box.
Add the next calibration point (2). Peak the 0.500” deep SDH,
Record the value DA and the %FSH signal.
Add the next calibration point (3). Peak the 0.750” deep SDH,
Record the value DA and the %FSH signal.
DAC Calibration is Complete
Note: Display > Properties > Source > Highest
Sweep the angles and observe the DAC

** To make the 20% DAC curve set the DAC offset to 7 dB, the 50% DAC curve
will be 1 dB low.
Procedure 10
TCG Calibration
The Calibration: Use either the ONDT Demo Block or NAVSHIP Block
Use 5L16 PA Probe
SA10 N55S Wedge
Calibrate on the 0.250”, 0.500”, and 0.750” deep SDHs
UT Range – 1 inch
Perform Wedge Delay and Sensitivity Calibrations for the 0.250 deep SDH calibration reflector
in the Aluminum Demo Block.
Display > Overlay > UT Unit > True Depth
Display > Display > A S Scan
In the A scan and S scan view, peak the signal from the 0.250” deep SDH at the minimum angle,
peak this first hole and set the amplitude to 80% FSH.
(* Turn DAC and Reference Gain Off)

> Type > Ultrasound
> Mode > TCG > Reset All
Start > Set Reference > Amplitude > 80%

> Tolerance > 5%
Next > Set Section > VPAs

Next > Set Gate A > Start
> Width
> Threshold > 10%
Note: Ensure Calibration reflector is within gate just

before and just after.
Next Adjust gain to bring set amplitude of the signal below the 2 lines
Scan back away from the SDH
> Add Point
Scan forward toward the SDH

Next Point
Repeat steps above for the other calibration SDHs
Remember to move the gate for each calibration reflector
> Accept TCG
To Verify TCG: Display > Properties > Envelop > Infinite
(Scan the SDHs, this will trace the SDHs at 80% FSH to verify TCG)
Note: To turn off the TCG: > Gate/Alarm > Sizing Curves
> Curve > None
Note: Add point indicates calibration in the TCG Cal Mode

Procedure 11
Encoder Set Up/Calibration
Scan Encoder 1 is ‘X’ position Length or Linear Scan

Encoder 2 is ‘Y’ position aster Scan toward and away from weld
Polarity > Normal/Inverse, + or – (- upstream, + downstream)
Note: Upstream skew is 90º, downstream skew is 270º, parallel to welds is 0º, or
180º.
Type > Quad
Resolution > Approximately 300 Steps/inch
Origin > 0
Inspection Type > 1 Line Scan
Scan > Time, or

> Encoder 1*
Area > Scan length (Watch X position indicator for increase)

> Scan length, ie 6, 8, or 10 inches
> Scan resolution > 0.039” (1 mm)
Start > Reset All

> Start resets the encoder to 0 and the C-scan is cleared.
This procedure will provide the encoder inputs (Rotation or Steps) per inches or mm.

> Type > Encoder
Place two marks on a specimen (or flat surface) to be scanned, ie..0 (point A) to 6 inches
(point B).
> Set Origin > 0.000 inches or mm
> Set Distance > 6.00 inches (any distance 4” and greater will work)
Move Probe with Encoder from point A ‘0’ to point B ‘X’ inches
> Calibrate > The X position in the upper right hand corner
should read the desired encoded scan length.
> Accept
Note: Verify that the scan distance is approximately 300 steps/inch.
Rescan the area and note the encoder position
** During C-scan data collection with encoded scans, drop out data allowance is no more the 2
consecutive lines or 5% of the scan length.
Procedure 12
Grouping Feature within the OmniScan
5L64 Angle Beam Sectorial Scan: 45 to 70 degrees, Focus 0.5 inches
5L64 Angel Beam Linear Scan: 45 degrees, Focus 1.0 inches
5L64 Angle Beam Linear Scan: 60 degree, Focus 0.75 inches
First perform a basic Sectorial Scan (45 to 70) Set up within the Wizard using the basic Focal
Law Set Ups
Start > Select Operation > Operation > Modify
> Next > Group Mode

> Select Connection – No input needed
> Select Probe – It recognizes the probe with auto detect on
> Select Wedge
> Set Position
> Law Wizard > Continue
> Select Law Configuration
> Law Config > Linear
> Wave Type
> Change elements for a linear scan
> Min Angle > 45 deg.
> Focus Depth
> Generate
Start > Select Operation > Operation > Add
Repeat the steps above and set up a 45 degree Linear Scan
Repeat the steps above and set up a 60 degree Linear Scan
Main Menu > Display > Selection > Group > All
Up to 3 of the Sectorial and Linear scans can now be displayed on the OmniScan
By double clicking on the screen image to be viewed, will open that view up for analysis
To Delete a group > Probe/Part > Group > Add or Remove

Procedure 13
Data Acquisition and Data Analysis Weld Examination
Single Line Scans
Verify system calibration of stored set up file (may use Linear or Sectorial scans), ensure
encoder is calibrated.
Weld Scan Data Acquisition:
Measurements > Readings > List 1 > Set Reading fields to:
A%/DA/PA/SA
> List 2 > Set Reading fields to:

S(m-r)/U(m-r)/S(r)/S(m)
Display > Selection > Display > A-S-[C]
> Overlay > On
Gate/Alarm > Gate > Gate A > Set position as

follows:
Start: covers ½ BO
Width: covers beyond
T1
Threshold: 10%
> Gate B > Set position as

follows:
Start: slightly behind

gate A
Width: slightly
beyond gate A
Threshold: 20%
Scan > Area > Scan start > 0.000

> Scan end > Weld Length
* Freeze display after scan is complete (alpha-numeric key 8)
File > File Name > Specify file name relative to index and skew
(up/down stream)
> Save Data

** Un – Freeze display, reset index/skew for next scan and repeat data save as necessary
Weld Scan Analysis:
Display > Selection > Display > A-B-S
> Cursor > On
Measurements > Cursor > Scroll through angle cursor (Min – Max)
> Observe B-scan image
> Locate any relevant signals
> Observe root signals (BO)
> Observe crown signals (T1)
> Align red and green cursors in the S-scan to
show
Weld toes
Build Defect Table:
Measurements > Table > Display Table > On

> Entry Image > On
* Align red and green scan cursors to display flaw length

** Align blue data cursor in the B or C scan at the peak amplitude of the reflector
> Add Entry
Format Table and Build report when all relevant reflectors have be recorded in defect table
> Format
> User Field
> Probe
> Set-up
> Note
> View
> Build Report

> Save and Close
Reports may be printed using the card reader interfaced with a computer.
Instrument must be shut off before flash card is removed.
HTML is the file format for printing.

Phased Array Lab Exercises

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Phased Array Lab Exercises

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SOUTHEAST COMMUNITY COLLEGE

_____ 6. Phased Array Element Operability Procedure 5L64 Element Probe

_____ 9. DAC Calibration in Aluminum with the 5L16 Element Probe

_____ 11. Encoder Calibration

_____ 12. Group Set Up for Multi-group technique

The Calibration: Use a Steel or Aluminum IIW Block

Probe/Part > Select > Auto Detect the Probe

> Wedge > Contact: Use Teflon Tape

> Parts > Thickness > 4 inches

Focal Law > Law Config > Sectorial

> Apeture > Elements > 16

> Wave Type > L-wave

> Beam > Min Angle > -30 deg

UT Settings > General > dB

> Pulser > Voltage > 80

> Receiver > Filter > 5 MHz

> Video Filter > On

Display > Display > AS[C]

Gate/Alarm > Gate > A, B, or I

Notes: Adjust gate parameters

The Calibration: Use Aluminum ONDT PA Demo Block

Probe/Part > Select > Auto Detect the Probe

> Wedge > Straight Beam Wedge SA2 0L

> Parts > Thickness > 1 inches

Focal Law > Law Config > Linear at 0 Degrees

> Aperture > Elements > 16

> Beam > Min Angle > 0 deg.

UT Settings > General > dB

> Pulser > Voltage > 80

> Receiver > Filter > 5 MHz

> Video Filter > On

Display > Display > AS[C]

Gate/Alarm > Gate > A, B, or I

Scan FBHs in Demo Block

> Display > Scan > AS[C] turn ‘C’ on

Diameters Depth Remaining Ligament

Large 0.375” 0.500” 0.500”

Medium 0.250” 0.250” 0.750”

Small 0.125” 0.125” 0.875”

Freeze Scans (#8 Key on Omni Front Panel Alpha-numeric)

Display > AB[S]

Notes: Set DA, SA, and PA

Wizard > Calibration > Select Calibration

This brings up 3 window panes

Echo Type > Depth

Set Section > First VPA

Set Gate A > Start

This is a true depth calibration.

The Calibration: Use a Steel or Aluminum IIW Block

Probe/Part > Select > Auto Detect the Probe

> Wedge > Select Wedge > SA10 N55S

> Parts > Geometry > Plate

Focal Law > Law Config > Sectorial

> Apeture > Elements > 16

> Wave Type > S-wave

> Beam > Min Angle > 45 deg

Display > Display > A-S

UT Settings > General > dB

> Pulser > Voltage > 80

> Receiver > Filter > 5 MHz

> Video Filter > On

Notes: Scan SDHs

The Calibration: Use NAVSHIP Block

Probe/Part > Select > Auto Detect the Probe

> Wedge > SA2 N55S

> Parts > Thickness > 1.25 inches

> Aperture > Elements > 16

> Beam > Min Angle > 45 deg.

UT Settings > General > dB

> Pulser > Voltage > 40

> Receiver > Filter > 5 MHz

> Video Filter > On

The Calibration: Use NAVSHIP Block

Probe/Part > Select > Auto Detect the Probe

> Wedge > SA2 N55S

> Parts > Thickness > 1.25 inches