SAP2000 Tutorial Example

Analysis and Design of Continuous RC Beam

(US Units)

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 Table of Content

Objective ..................................................................................................................................................... 3

Problem ....................................................................................................................................................... 3

Material.................................................................................................................................................... 3

Step-by-Step Solution ............................................................................................................................... 3

Step-by-Step Solution ............................................................................................................................... 3

1. Start modeling by template .......................................................................................................... 3

2. Define Material Properties............................................................................................................ 3

3. Frame Section Properties............................................................................................................. 3

4. Define Load Cases ........................................................................................................................ 3

5. Define Load Combinations ........................................................................................................... 3

6. Assign Section Properties and Restraints ................................................................................. 3

7. Assign Loads .................................................................................................................................. 3

8. Analyzing the building ................................................................................................................... 3

9. View Analysis Results................................................................................................................... 3

10. Design Structure ........................................................................................................................ 3

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 SAP2000 Tutorial Example: Analysis & Design of Continuous RC Beams

Objective
To demonstrate and practice step-by-step on the modeling , static analysis and
design of Continuous beams using ACI 318-99

Problem
Carryout the modeling, analysis and design for continuous beams as shown be-
low

Material
E = 3120 ksi
fc’ = 4 ksi
fy = 60 ksi
fys = 35 ksi (stirrups)
Poissons Ratio = 0.2
Concrete cover to longitudinal rebar center = 3 in

w(LL) = 1.6 klf P(LL) = 15 kip

w(DL) = 2.2 klf

Exclude beam weight

5' 15' 5' 10' 15'

25' 25'

30"
Beam Section

20"

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 SAP2000 Tutorial Example: Analysis & Design of Continuous RC Beams

Step-by-Step Solution

1. Start modeling by template

Step 1-1: Start up screen of SAP2000, select the working unit “Kip-ft” from drop-
down menu on the bottom-right of screen then select “File” + “New model from
Template” to start new model.

Step 1-2: Select beam template button, enter “Number of Spans” (2) and “Span
Length (25 ft)”.

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 SAP2000 Tutorial Example: Analysis & Design of Continuous RC Beams

Step 1-3: Back to main screen, showing structure in “3D view” (left window) and “X-
Z Plane” view (right window) with restrains and grid lines that have been assigned
automatically.

2. Define Material Properties

Step 2-1: Change the working unit from “Kip-ft” to “Kip-in” from drop-down menu on
the bottom-right of screen.

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 SAP2000 Tutorial Example: Analysis & Design of Continuous RC Beams

Step 2-2: From main menu, select “Define” + “Material”, “Define Materials” editor
shows 3 default materials, select “4000psi” and click “Modify/Show Material”.

Step 2-3: Enter material properties for Concrete, for this example, accept default
properties. Click “OK”.

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 SAP2000 Tutorial Example: Analysis & Design of Continuous RC Beams

3. Frame Section Properties

Step 3-1: Go to “Define” + “Section Properties”+ “Frame Sections”. In “Define

Frame Sections” window shows “FSEC1” as default section that has been assigned
to all frame elements, click “Add new property”

Step 3-2: Select “Concrete” from dropdown box and click on “Rectangular” to add
the section

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 SAP2000 Tutorial Example: Analysis & Design of Continuous RC Beams

Step 3-3: Enter “Depth” (30”), enter “Width” (20”), change “Material” from “STEEL”
to “CONC” and click “Reinforcement” button.

Step 3-4: In “Reinforcement Data”, select “Beam” from “Element Class”, specify
“Concrete Cover to Rebar Center” for “Top” (3”) and “Bottom” (3”).

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 SAP2000 Tutorial Example: Analysis & Design of Continuous RC Beams

4. Define Load Cases

Step 4-1: From main menu select “Define” + “Load Pattern”. Enter “DL” into “Load
Pattern Name” edit box and click “Modify Load Pattern” button. Enter “LL” into
“Load Pattern Name” edit box select “LIVE” from Type, change “Self Weight Multi-
plier” to 0 and click “Add New Load Pattern”

5. Define Load Combinations

Step 5-1: To define load combinations, go to "Define" + "Load Combinations" and
press on "Add New Combo"

Step 5-2: Enter "COMB1" in "Load Combination Name", select “Linear Add" from
"Load Combination Type", select "DEAD” from Load Case Name", enter 1.4 in
"Scale Factor" and click "Add".

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 SAP2000 Tutorial Example: Analysis & Design of Continuous RC Beams

Step 5-3: Repeat similar steps as Step 5-1 and 5-2 to define "COMB2" Load
Combination for 1.4DL+1.7LL

6. Assign Section Properties and Restraints

Step 6-1: Section properties and restrains have been assigned automatically by
starting model from Template. Both of them can be displayed by clicking "Set Dis-
play Options” button or go to "View" + "Set Display Options" from main screen and
selecting "Section" from "Frames" and "Restraints" from "Joints".

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 SAP2000 Tutorial Example: Analysis & Design of Continuous RC Beams

Step 6-2: Select the frames using select button

Step 6-3: From the main menu select “Assign” + “Section Properties” + “Frame
Sections”, and select the FSEC2 and click “OK”

Step 6-4: To assign Number of output along each element, select all beams by
clicking “Select All” button, go to “Assign” + “Frame” + “Output Stations” and enter
4 into “Min Number Stations”.

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 SAP2000 Tutorial Example: Analysis & Design of Continuous RC Beams

7. Assign Loads

Step 7-1: back to main screen, close “3D View” window and maximize “X-Z Plane”
window. Change working unit to “Kip-ft” and select all beams by windowing or
clicking “Select All” button. All number of selected objects will be reported in the
bottom-left of screen.

Step 7-3: Select first beam and go to “Assign” + “Frame Loads” + “Distributed”.

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 SAP2000 Tutorial Example: Analysis & Design of Continuous RC Beams

Step7-4: Select “LL” from “Load Case Name” and “Global Z” from “Direction”. Se-
lect “Absolute Distance End-I” and enter similar values in “Trapezoidal Loads” box
as show in above figure

Step7-5: Select second beam and go to “Assign” + “Frame Loads” + “Point”.

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 SAP2000 Tutorial Example: Analysis & Design of Continuous RC Beams

Step 7-6: Select "LL" from "Load Case Name" and "Global Z" from "Direction",
select "Absolute Distance End-I" and enter 10 in "Distance" box 2 and -15 in
"Load" box 2.

8. Analyzing the building

Step 8-1: To set analysis option, select "Analyze" + "Set Options", select “XZ
Plane” and click "OK"

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 SAP2000 Tutorial Example: Analysis & Design of Continuous RC Beams

Step 8-1: Click Run Now to run the analysis

9. View Analysis Results

View displacements
Step 9-1: Displacements can be display from “Display” + “Show Deformed
Shape”, enter “Scale Factor” or select “Auto” and select “Options”
• “Wire Shadow” to display undeformed shape line
• “Cubic Curve” to display deformed shape in cubic curve

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 SAP2000 Tutorial Example: Analysis & Design of Continuous RC Beams

Step 9-2: Deformed shape animation can be activated by clicking “Start Anima-
tion”. Speed of animation can be customized during animation by sliding/adjusting
at the bottom right corner.

Step 9-3: Animation can be exported in AVI format file from “File” + “Create Vid-
eo” + “Create Cycle Animation Video”.'

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 SAP2000 Tutorial Example: Analysis & Design of Continuous RC Beams

Viewing Member Forces

Step 9-4: To display Axial forces, Shear, Moment or Torsion, go to “Display” +
“Show Element Forces/Stresses” + “Frames” and select “Load”, “Component”,
“Scaling” and “Fill Diagram” or “Show Values on Diagram”

Step 9-5: Member forces diagram can be shown for a particular element by right
mouse click over the element.

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 SAP2000 Tutorial Example: Analysis & Design of Continuous RC Beams

Viewing Reactions
Step 9-6: To display Reactions, go to “Display” + “Show Element
Forces/Stresses” + “Joints” or click “Joint Reaction Forces” button and select
“Load” and “Reaction” from “Type”

Step 9-7: Joint Forces can be shown for a particular joint by right mouse click over
the element.

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 SAP2000 Tutorial Example: Analysis & Design of Continuous RC Beams

10. Design Structure

Step 10-1: Select "Design” + “Concrete Frame Design” + “View/Revise Refer-

ence” and specify desired design parameters.

Step 10-2: Select "Design” + “Concrete Frame Design” + “Select Design Combos”
and select load combination for design.

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 SAP2000 Tutorial Example: Analysis & Design of Continuous RC Beams

Step 10-3: Start design by selecting "Design” + “Concrete Frame Design” + “Start
Design/Check of Structures”

Step 10-4: Select "Design” + “Concrete Frame Design” + “Display Design Info”

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 SAP2000 Tutorial Example: Analysis & Design of Continuous RC Beams

Step 10-5: Concrete Design Information contains all design outputs in each load
cases and load combination can be displayed by right mouse click over the ele-
ment.

Step 10-6: Summary and Detail Design can be shown by clicking “Summary”,
“Flex Details” or “Shear Details: button.

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