The Series Inductance-Capacitance (L-C) Circuit

The Series Inductance-Capacitance (L-C) Circuit.
Circuit Diagram
E
L C
Formula:
If XL > XC (The series L-C behave like an inductance)
a. Xeq = XL - XC
If XC > XL (The series L-C behave like a capacitor)
b. a. Xeq = XC - XL
Note: “an increase in L or C will result in an over-all increase
in the inductive reactance of such a circuit; a decrease in L or
C will, on the other hand, result in an over-all increase in the
capacitive reactance of a similar circuit.”
Ex. 06 p.306
A series circuit consisting of a 0.0795-henry inductor and a
177-F capacitor is connected to a 120-volt 60-cycle source.
Calculate (a) the equivalent reactance of the circuit, (b) the
circuit current, indicating whether the latter lags or leads.
Ex. 08 p. 306
A series circuit consisting of a 0.0795-henry inductor and a
177-F capacitor is connected to a 120-volt variable frequency
source. At what frequency will the circuit take a lagging current
of 4 amp?
The Series Resistance-Inductance (R-L) Circuit.
Circuit diagram
E
R L
Phasor Diagram
EL = IXL E =  ER2 + EL2
900
θ
ER = IR I
Working Formulas:
E = I x Z ; Z =  R2 + XL2
Cos  = p.f. = ER / E = IR / IZ = R/Z = P / EI
e = Em sinα ; i = Im sin (α-)
P = EI cos 
Ex. 12 p. 311
A load of 18.4-kw operating at a power factor of 0.8 lagging
is connected to a 460-volt 60-cycle source. Calculate (a) the load
current; (b) the power-factor angle; (c) the equivalent impedance,
resistance, and reactance of the load. (d) Write the equations for
the voltage and current.
Prob. 19 p. 322
An impedance coil has a resistance of 7.5-ohms and an
inductive reactance of 18-ohms. (a) What is the equation of the
voltage wave that produces a current i = 11.3 sin wt? (b) Calculate
the values of of E, I, ER and EL.
The Series Resistance-Capacitance (R-C) Circuit.
a. Circuit Diagram
E
R C
b. Phasor Diagram
ER = IR I
θ
Ec = IXc E =  ER2 + Ec2
Working Formulas:
E = I x Z ; Z =  R2 + XC2
Cos  = p.f. = ER / E = IR / IZ = R/Z = P / EI
e = EM sinα ; i = IM sin (α+)
P = EI cos 
Ex. 13 p. 312
A 125-volt 25-cycle source is connected to a series circuit
consisting of a 30-ohm resistor and a 159-µF capacitor. Calculate
the ff: impedance, current, power factor, power.
Prob. 29 p. 322
A series R-C circuit takes a current whose equation is I =
0.85 sin (754t + п/4) when connected to a source of emf having the
equation e = 340 sin 754t. Calculate (a) the values of Z, R and
XC,; (b) the capacitance of the capacitor; (c) the circuit power
factor and power.
The Series Resistance-Inductance-Capacitance (R-L-C)

Circuit
a. Circuit Diagram
E
R L C
b. Phasor Diagram
At XL > XC
XL Z =  R2 + (XL – XC)2
900
θ
R I
At XC > XL
R I
θ
Xc Z =  R2 + (Xc – XL)2
Working Formulas:
At XL > XC ; The circuit acts like an R-L circuit and the
current is lagging.
Z = √ R2 + (XL – XC)2
At XL < XC ; The circuit acts like an R-C circuit and the
current is leading.
Z = √ R2 + (XC – XL)2
E = I x Z ; P = EI cos 
Note:
At XL = XC, the circuit is said to produce resonance. And the
circuit is like a purely resistive circuit.
That is;
Z = R and XL = XC
Ex. 15 p. 316
A series circuit consisting of an 80-ohm resistor, a 0.3-
henry inductor, and a 50-µF capacitor is connected to a 120-volt
60-cycle source. Calculate the ff: (a) equivalent impedance of the
circuit, (b) current, (c) voltage drops across the several units,
(d) power and power factor.
The Impedance-Coil Resistance (RL-R) Circuit
a. Circuit diagram
E
I
Zcoil
Rcoil Lcoil Rs
EZ ER
b. Phasor diagram
EZ EZsinθ


I
ER EZcos
Working Formulas:
Cos  = (E2 – ER2 – EZ2) / 2EREZ

Rcoil = (EZ cos ) / I
Lcoil = (EZ sin ) / (I x 2Πf)
Ex. 17 p. 318
A 115-volt 60-cycle source is connected to a series circuit
of a fixed resistor and an impedance coil. If the resistor- and
coil-voltage drops are 55.4 and 80 volts, respectively, under which
condition the current is 1.69 amp, calculate the resistance and
inductance of the impedance coil.
Volt-amperes and Reactive Volt-amperes
The Power Triangle Diagram:

a. Inductive load
b. Capacitive load
Power Formulas:
a. True, Real or Active Power (P)
P = EI cos  = I2R watts
b. Reactive or Idle Power (Q)
Q = EI sin  = I2X vars or reactive volt-amperes
Reactive Factor (RF) = sin  = Q / S
c. Apparent Power (S)
S = EI = I2Z Volt-amperes
Ex. 18 p. 319
A load of 250 KVA, operating at a power factor of 0.86
lagging, is connected to a 2,300-volt a-c source. Calculate (a)
power, (b) current, (c) reactive kilovolt-amperes, (d) reactive
factor.

The Series Inductance-Capacitance (L-C) Circuit

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The Series Inductance-Capacitance (L-C) Circuit

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The Series Inductance-Capacitance (L-C) Circuit.

If XL > XC (The series L-C behave like an inductance)

If XC > XL (The series L-C behave like a capacitor)

The Series Resistance-Inductance (R-L) Circuit.

EL = IXL E =  ER2 + EL2

The Series Resistance-Capacitance (R-C) Circuit.

Ec = IXc E =  ER2 + Ec2

The Series Resistance-Inductance-Capacitance (R-L-C)

The Impedance-Coil Resistance (RL-R) Circuit

Cos  = (E2 – ER2 – EZ2) / 2EREZ

Volt-amperes and Reactive Volt-amperes

The Power Triangle Diagram:

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