International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology Studies

Vol.6, No.1, pp.26-38, August 2018

___Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.eajournals.org)
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MOTION DETECTION ALARM AND
SECURITY SYSTEM
Kamoru Olarewaju Iyapo1, Olukayode Michael Fasunla1, Shadrack Alaba Egbuwalo1,
Akin James Akinbobola2 and Olatunji Temitope Oni3
1
Dept. of Sci. Lab. Tech, RUGIPO, Nigeria.
2
Dept. of Elect. Elect. Engr. ABU Nigeria.
3
Dept. of Elect. Elect. Engr. RUGIPO Nigeria

ABSTRACT: The need for an effective and reliable intrusion detection with an alarm system
have become vital necessity because of the frequent and rampant cases of burglary. Attack on
homes offices, factories, banks etc. is on the increase. With the advancement in technology,
motion can be detected by measuring change in speed or vector of an object in the field of view.
This can be achieved either by mechanical devices that physically interact with the field or by
electronic device that quantifies and measures changes in the given environment. The motion
detector is not only used as intruder alarm but also used in many applications like home
automation system, energy efficiency system, etc. This project is built using an embedded
microcontroller system capable of detecting motion of an intruder in a restricted area and then
triggering an alarm system, motion detector system, however passive infrared sensor detected
the motion of the person using the person body heat. The passive infrared (PIR) sensor which
is the motion detector used in this project is attached to a microcontroller which activates the
alarm system and any other attached output device to notify the house owner. The initial testing
of the design shows that it worked as expected.
KEYWORDS: Embedded Microcontroller, Passive infrared sensor, Alarm /Siren, Mechanical
Device and Motion Detector

INTRODUCTION
It must take into account the actions of people attempting to trespass or cause destruction.
Security is the degree of protection against danger, loss and criminals. Throughout history,
human have sought to protect their life, property and professions .The busy lifestyle of people
is leading to the necessity of controlling the devices at home remotely and increasing the
necessity of keeping surveillance over their home. Now when everything is available to us we
can now design something that provides us complete security. The very basic of this began
with the simple alarm system which include notifying suspicious activities at a very low cost
[1] .The need for security system have rapidly grown from being specialized for high – risk
areas such as banks ,companies ,governmental institutions),to be available and demanded
rapidly by the average public. Some of the common characteristics of motion detection alarm
and security system as follow 24 hours monitoring, difficult to hack, Ability to control doors
and motion sensor. The motion sensor used in this work is the pyroelectric device that detects
motion by measuring changes in the infrared levels emitted by surrounding objects. This
motion can be detected by checking for a high signal on a single I/O pin. Its special features
include single bit output small size which makes it easy to conceal, compatible with all parallax
embedded microcontroller 3.3V& 5V and operation and operation with<100µA current draw.
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A typical motion detection alarm and security system should consist of a control panel,
Alarm/siren, Window and door sensor plus at least one motion detector. In addition, some
motion detection alarm and security system can incorporate home automation, smoke detectors
and glass break detector. The main objective of this research work is to design a system that
can sense human movement, buzzes an alarm along with this captures an image of the intruder
which is further compared with the image of owner. In this research work, will designed a well-
organized and intelligent intruder motion detector alarm and security that can sensed the
presence of humanly bodies and notifies this to the owners just immediately. This system
provides a very cost effective security system that can be placed anywhere in the house with
less maintenance cost.
In most recently, CCTV’s usually seen at many places such as banks for continuously record
the situation [2].He also concluded, most system do not absolutely detected the moving object
because it causes some darkness and requires large memory to store the video and by using
human motion detection system banks safe will be more secured as it will send alerts regarding
burglary happening. Meanwhile the CCTV system does not provide any information about
what is taking place at particular time .Implementation of the system in real time and testing
the system on large number of long sequences, authenticated individual can stop alert for fix
time to enter into secured area by remote login. The design Real time security system using
Human motion detection is to develop a system to monitor the area using web camera is suitable
in the area where no one is permissible to enter and where there is the need to detect if any
motion has been done. The camera was used to captured the live images of the area under
investigation if any object was moving and the captured images are stored for further work .In
surveillance,[3] suggested that, CCTV camera is more costly because of the use of computer
.Also required human effort to detect the unauthorized Activity. However, recommended
Raspberry pi system to be cheaper for better resolution and low power consumption feature. In
the design, the motion is detected through PIR sensor inside the room where the image is being
captured through camera and temporarily stored in the raspberry pi module. The smart
surveillance system has been developed in such a way that it can fulfil the needs of the user for
particular surveillance area.
Motion detection surveillance technology has gained a lot of interests over the past few years
.Based on the study and evaluation of current available different methods. The proposed system
is quite efficient and convenient for home uses and offices .The system captures images only
when the motions exceeded a pre-set value or threshold. This system seem to be more prone to
error as there is less 3% chances to skip any detection [4].There may be some false detection
due to the illumination effects which can be overcome for the better performance.
In the design and construction of advance security Guard with PIR sensor for commercial
residential use,[5] came up with a standard approach to automation home and industrial
equipment these days. The designs of hardware circuit allowed each user deployed this home
security system wirelessly .Also, an SMS was sent to the registered user mobile that uses the
GSM modem. The embedded microcontroller circuit switches ON and OFF the electrical
appliances at houses and industries based on SMS messages received through the GSM modem
of the user. It was carried out that, the proposed security system was more advanced than the
one earlier used due to some reasons.
In the development of anti-theft device,[6] proposed to determine the performance of anti-theft
device using appropriate motion detection and to observed the functionality of the device. The

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output of the study was more accurate in terms of detection of moving objects with body
temperature during day and night times. The studies showed that, the device has a good
performance and acceptable in terms of functionality. Moreover, based on the results of
evaluation, the anti –theft device using motion detection and body temperature is acceptable in
terms of accuracy, efficient and reliability.
In creating a system that make the surveillance of home devices easily,[7] suggested the
development of a system which ameliorates the traditional of fencing to avoid in filtration .It
shows that, the image and video along with the location of the intrusion are sent to the central
control station through the dual-radio board for the authorities to take actions efficiently In
conclusion, As soon as the routing and the communication between control station and user
works, new opportunities may arise to make the system viable for people with special
requirements.
For home security system ,[8] suggested that ,safety from theft, leaking of raw gas and fire
are the most important requirements of home security system for people .He also established
a fact that ,Global system for mobile communications based security systems provides an
enhanced security as whenever a signal from sensor occurs, a text message must be sent to a
desired number to take necessary actions while a traditional home security systems gives signal
in terms of alarm. In conclusion, the type of system adopted was useful especially when the
owner is out of station and the home is locked.
[9`], Focused on the intelligent security system based on image, video and home automation
systems. The system is developed to automatically react to every learned situation in a pre-
specified way, protection against unauthorized intrusion and supervision over ill persons. The
developed design is based on well-known and proven method along with its architecture and
algorithms whose focus was put on one of the aforementioned functionalities of the system.
However, the threshold values of these parameters determine the moment in which the alarm
is triggered and system response is activated .Experimental results has confirmed the
effectiveness of the approached used.
[10], developed a real- time intrusion detection system using passive IR sensor, ATmega, SIM
900a etc. which guaranteed home security. Microcontroller continuously fetched signal from
infrared motion detector within the desired range as set by the user. An alert is sent to program
mobile device via GSM in case of untoward situations. The experimental results showed that,
by using this system the security services like police and fire brigade of a nearby region also
be informed about the intrusion instantly and they can steps rapidly. So this system is safe and
cost effective as well.
In agricultural application,[11] assessed existing technologies and developed a new way of
securing a particular area. The system adopted is based on image processing established to
determine the identity of individual who trespass and distinguish if the fellow is authorized
personnel, an intruder or a crop-destroying animal. CCTV was implored to monitored the area
and provide a video record for security purposes. Experimental results showed that ,the image
processed during the investigation would helped to checkmate or detect the objects that could
harmed the crops or other equipment in the farm if detection is positive, an alarm will sound
for the person who guards the farm to be alert.
A home based security control system using raspberry Pi and GSM suitable for usage in homes
and offices was design and constructed [12].The features include ability to detect burglary and
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as well captured the image of person by camera and send to mobile and email as well as alarm
gets on. The design is applicable for magnetic door lock system. Experimental results showed
that, the security level is increased due to the usage of Raspberry Pi which sends the images to
the users and necessary actions can be taken in short time in the case of emergency condition.
[13], Presented a design using Wi-Fi and GSM based home security system to reduce the
increasing rate of crime in most personal housing and office .The design is divided into three
main parts which comprises the software, the output part and micro secure digital (SD) data
storage card .It is based on the principle of infrared radiation generated by a human body heat
.Embedded microcontroller is used in the design to processed the signal which later sent to
user’s mobile phone via SMS. Experimental results showed that, the design would help to
increase the safety of the private premises because the user can monitor premises from
anywhere in real time.
There exists certain limitation as regard the security system which is the commonest form of
protection to lives and properties [14]. Some of these limitations are real time monitoring and
control of activities such as intruders in the form of human beings, etc. The features include
analysis and calculation which was carried out through modelling, Simulated in proteus
electronic stimulator environment. Experimental results showed that, the design analysis and
calculations were carried out and finally, a positive result was achieved.

Hardware Design Considerations

This section describes briefly the different hardware used in the design as well as the software
algorithm implemented in the embedded microcontroller unit. Fig. 1 shows a pictorial
description of the proposed motion detection alarm and security system. The core of the system
is an advanced microprocessor unit for the control of the entire system. However, the unit is
equipped with a port for control of an alarm system which is activated in the case of security
violation detected by any of the input devices.

Fig. 1. A block diagram of the burglar alarm system

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Microcontroller and Sensor Unit Design
Fig. 2 shows the circuit diagram of the entire burglar alarm system with microcontroller IC.
The central controller is the microchip PIC18F2423. The design include an ICSP inputs for the
programming of the microcontroller which is a connector attached to RB6, RB7 and the MCLR
pin 1 of the microcontroller unit .The microcontroller also accepts input from switch sensors
which can be placed on the hinges of doors or any hidden place for the purpose of activation
of the device. Also included in the design is the PIR connector input for the motion sensor. The
microcontroller is set to operate at 4MHZ by the crystal oscillator and the paired 22pF
capacitors. The PORTC0 of the microcontroller is configured to control a relay attached to the
alarm system. The system also contains 5 LED for visual display of actions performed by the
system .The LEDs are powered from PORTB of the microcontroller system. The entire system
receives its power from a 5V regulator circuit built with a LM7805 IC and filter capacitors .The
circuit was implemented into a double sided printed circuit board with the component
connections on top side. As shown in Fig. 2:

Fig. 2: Circuit diagram implemented for the system

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System Design and Implementation
This section gives a details description and experimental procedure used in this project. The
project was designed to provide a close circuit security using commercially available PIR
sensors and microcontroller for device control. The highlights of the system are long range
pickup and robust coordinating software with a data base containing information about the user
(client) setting. The design was in three main phase: The sensitivity, central processing and
action. The study also utilized developmental design to observe the functionality of the device.
Anti –theft device detected motion from a moving object for those with body temperature like
human being and animal [6]. The processors will receive inputs from a switch which may be
hinged to a door or any hidden place to activate the alarm system. Light emitting diode was
used as an indicator in the design. It is a basic pn-junction diode which emits light when
activated .The design contains five diodes as an indicator.

Motion Sensor
Motion sensor or detectors are widely used in security system. It contains a motion sensor
either integrated with or connected to other devices that alert the user of pre-sense of motion.
It typically positioned near exterior doorways or windows of building to monitor the area
around it. Motion sensor offers for protection and security the average homeowner as well as
commercial organisations. The motion sensor used for this work is the pyroelectric Infrared
PIR Motion Sensor Detector Module shown in Fig. 3. The device contains a special filter called

a Fresnel lens, which f ocuses the

infrared signal onto the element.

Fig. 3: the infrared sensor used for this work

PICI8F2423 Microcontroller
In this design the PIC18F2423 microcontroller was used. The PIC18F2423 is a high-
performance enhanced flash ,microcontroller from microchip with nano watt technology .This
microcontroller offers the advantages of all PIC18 microcontrollers- namely, high
computational performance at an economical price with the addition of high-endurance,
Enhanced flash program memory. In addition to these features, the PIC18F2423 introduces
design enhancements that make these microcontrollers a logical choice for many high –
performances, power sensitive applications. The devices incorporate a fully featured serial Bus
communications module that is compliant with the RS232 specification. The module support
both low-speed and full-speed synchronous and data transfer types. It also incorporates its own
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on-chip transceiver and 3.3V regulator and supports the use of external transceivers and voltage
regulators .Figure 4. shows pin diagram of the DIL package and the block diagram of the block
diagram of the PIC18F2423 family respectively, it consist of a 32Kbytes flash program
memory, 10 channel 12bits A/D channels, 3 bi-directional ports, one standard capture compare
port (CCP) and an enhanced capture port (ECCP).

Figure 4: The PIC18F2423 Microcontroller used for this work

Alarm Siren
Electronic sirens incorporate circuits such as oscillator, modulators, and amplifiers to
synthesize a selected siren tone which is played through external speakers. For this project, an
alarm siren Horn Buzzer Speaker was chosen .Figure 5 shows a typical siren speaker system.
The device is made of fireproof ABS material and operates at a rated voltage: DC 12V power
with an output of 15W. The sound Pressure level is 110dB with a time delay of 1s.

Fig. 5: The Alarm/speaker used for this work

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Software Design Consideration
The software design for this project was implemented using a CCS C compiler for PIC
microchip. This compiler consists of an optimized C compiler program as well as improved
functions for many microcontroller operations. The flow chart on Figure 6 shows the
implantation of the algorithm used in the programming of the microcontroller. The program on
starting initializes the microcontroller unit on boot up. The controller routinely circles round
the sensors polling the inputs for a brake in. If either motion or a brake in switch is detected
this initiates an action for the triggering or activating the alarm system.
At start up the system initializes and then check for activation of the system by the user. If this
switch is set on the system switches to the security mode. First it wait for a time delay of 60
seconds to allow the house owner to leave before the security mode is activated. At this point
the system is armed and then continues to sample the output of the motion sensor continuously.
It remains in this state as long as no motion is detected. When a motion is detected the motion
sensor sends an interrupt via the interrupt request of the microcontroller on PORTB0.This
information is processed , then the alarm system is activated .The alarm remains on until the
house owner switches it off through the activation switch.

Fig. 6: The flow chats for the program in the embedded processor

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PCB Implementation
The actual translation of the circuit of the burglar alarm system in a printed circuit board pattern
as carried out using Altium PCB software. First the circuit was compiled and check for errors
before the transfer to a PCB layout for onward processing as a PCB file. On the layout the
different component foot points were carefully placed on a dimension of (80 X 100mm). The
placement was done to ensure the shortest possible distance between related components. An
electrical rules violation check (ERC) was performed on the design and the placed footprints
before processing with the routing. The entire component electrical connection was then auto
routed using the routing component of Altium software Figure 7 shows the final PCB layout
drawing of the design implemented for a dual layer PCB board. Figure 8 and figure 9 shows
the 3D image of both layer of the finished PCB design as derived from the 3D view of the
Altium software. The actual implementation of the PCB design was achieved using the tonner.

Fig.7: The PCB design of the module

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Fig. 8: The 3D top view of the finished design

Fig. 9: showing the 3D bottom view of the finished design

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Constructed Device
The physical implementation of the design was carried out on the manufactured PCB boards
using mainly surface mounted components. The component was then soldered into the
respective component slots using a 30W soldering iron [15]. Figure 10 shows the completed
project with the PIR motion and siren speaker system in place.

Fig. 10: The completed work with the PIR motion Sensor and siren speaker system
under test.

TESTING AND RESULT

Initial testing of the board was carried out using continuity meter to ensure all short circuit fault
are properly cleared. The sensory circuitry was tested to ascertain the level of sensitivity as
expected. In the connection each component on the PCB was then tested. The implemented
design was initially tested on an open area after construction and the system performed as
expected. The device was further install in a household to determine how effective the device
can detects an intruder. The test result shows that both the braking switches attached to the
door hinges and the motion sensors perform adequately as expected.

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CONCLUSION
The developed motion detection alarm and security system gives good response to the motion
sensor when it detects intrusion at the windows or doors The test result shows that both the
braking switches attached to the door hinges and the motion sensors performed adequately as
expected. The entire decision making was carried out with the aid of a PICI8F2423
microcontroller. One of the main feature of the design, it is built with a time delay of 60 seconds
to allow the house owner to leave before security mode is activated. This work is useful in the
area of security usage, Industries and in automation.

FUTURE IMPROVEMENTS
The future implementations of the project are great considering the amount of time and
resources it saves. This system can be used as a reference or as a base for realizing a scheme
to be implemented in other project of greater level including audio –visual cameral by sending
the captured image to an e-mail instantly.

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