Chapter1

1. What is Python?

 Python is a general purpose, dynamic, high level and interpreted programming language. It
supports Object Oriented programming approach to develop applications. It is simple and easy
to learn and provides lots of high-level data structures.

 Python is easy to learn yet powerful and versatile scripting language which makes it attractive
for Application Development

 Python supports multiple programming pattern, including object oriented, imperative and

2. Why python is known as multipurpose?

 because it can be used with web, enterprise, 3D CAD etc.

3. In python why We don't need to use data types to declare variable?

 because it is dynamically typed so we can write a=10 to assign an integer value in an integer
variable.

4. Why python makes the development and debugging fast?

  because there is no compilation step included in python development and edit-test-debug cycle
is very fast.

5. What is the difference b/w Python2 & Python3?

 Python 2 uses print as a statement and used as print "something" to print some string on the
console. On the other hand, Python 3 uses print as a function and used as print("something") to
print something on the console.

 Python 2 uses the function raw_input() to accept the user's input On the other hand, Python 3
uses input() function which automatically interpreted the type of input entered by the user

 In python 2, the implicit string type is ASCII whereas, in python 3, the implicit string type is
Unicode.

 Python 3 doesn't contain the xrange() function of python 2. The xrange() is the variant of range()
function which returns a xrange object that works similar to Java iterator

6. Python provides lots of features list and explain them?

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  Expressive Language: Python language is more expressive means that it is more understandable
and readable.
 Interpreted Language: Python is an interpreted language i.e. interpreter executes the code line by
line at a time. This makes debugging easy and thus suitable for beginners.
 Cross-platform Language: Python can run equally on different platforms such as Windows, Linux,
Unix and Macintosh etc. So, we can say that Python is a portable language.
 Free and Open Source: Python language is freely available at offical web address.The source-code
is also available. Therefore it is open source.
 Object-Oriented Language: Python supports object oriented language and concepts of classes and
objects come into existence.
 Extensible: It implies that other languages such as C/C++ can be used to compile the code and
thus it can be used further in our python code.
 Large Standard Library: Python has a large and broad library and prvides rich set of module and
functions for rapid application development.
 GUI Programming Support: Graphical user interfaces can be developed using Python.
 Integrated: It can be easily integrated with languages like C, C++, JAVA etc.
7. List the applications that we can apply in python?
 Web Applications
 Desktop GUI Applications
 Software Development

Chapter2

1. List stpes that can be used to create an empty Tkinter top-level window?
 import the Tkinter module.
 Create the main application window.
 Add the widgets like labels, buttons, frames, etc. to the window.
 Call the main event loop so that the actions can take place on the user's computer screen.
2. List the widgets that are used to build the python GUI applications?
 Button: The Button is used to add various kinds of buttons to the python application.
 Canvas: The canvas widget is used to draw the canvas on the window.
 Checkbutton: The Checkbutton is used to display the CheckButton on the window.
 Entry: The entry widget is used to display the single-line text field to the user. It is commonly
used to accept user values.
 Label: A label is a text used to display some message or information about the other widgets.
 ListBox: The ListBox widget is used to display a list of options to the user.
 Message: The Message widget is used to display the message-box to the user
 Radiobutton: The Radiobutton is different from a checkbutton. Here, the user is provided
with various options and the user can select only one option among them.
3. What is the Tkinter geometry ?
 The Tkinter geometry specifies the method by using which, the widgets are represented on
display.

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4. List and explain geometry methods of python Tkinter?
 The pack() method: is used to organize widget in the block
 Syntax: widget.pack(options)  
 The grid() method: organizes the widgets in the tabular form. We can specify the rows and
columns as the options in the method call
 Syntax: widget.grid(options)  
 The place() method: organizes the widgets to the specific x and y coordinates.
 Syntax: widget.place(options)  
 A list of possible options that can be passed in pack() is given below:
 expand: If the expand is set to true, the widget expands to fill any space.
 Fill: By default, the fill is set to NONE
 size: it represents the side of the parent to which the widget is to be placed on the
window.
 A list of possible options that can be passed inside the grid() method is given below:
 Column: The column number in which the widget is to be placed. The leftmost column is
represented by 0.
 Columnspan: The width of the widget. It represents the number of columns up to which, the
column is expanded.
 ipadx, ipady: It represents the number of pixels to pad the widget inside the widget's border.
 padx, pady 
It represents the number of pixels to pad the widget outside the widget's border.
 Row:The row number in which the widget is to be placed. The topmost row is represented by 0.
 Rowspan: The height of the widget, i.e. the number of the row up to which the widget is
expanded.
 Sticky: If the cell is larger than a widget, then sticky is used to specify the position of the widget
inside the cell
 A list of possible options that can be passed place() method is given below:
 Anchor: It represents the exact position of the widget within the container. The default value
(direction) is NW (the upper left corner)
 bordermode: The default value of the border type is INSIDE that refers to ignore the parent's
inside the border. The other option is OUTSIDE.
 height, width: It refers to the height and width in pixels.
 relheight, relwidth: It is represented as the float between 0.0 and 1.0 indicating the fraction of
the parent's height and width.
 relx, rely: It is represented as the float between 0.0 and 1.0 that is the offset in the horizontal
and vertical direction.
 x, y: It refers to the horizontal and vertical offset in the pixels.
o Python provides the standard library for creating the graphical user interface for desktop based
applications.

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Chapter3
Note
 The Menu widget is used to create various types of menus (top level, pull down, and pop up) in the
python application.
 The top-level menus are the one which is displayed just under the title bar of the parent window.
We need to create a new instance of the Menu widget and add various commands to it by using the
add() method.
 The Menubutton widget can be defined as the drop-down menu that is shown to the user all the
time. It is used to provide the user a option to select the appropriate choice exist within the
application.
 The Menubutton is used to implement various types of menus in the python application
Practice

#Create form named ‘test’?

 from tkinter import *

#Add label named ‘id’ to the form with position=0,0

 lbl=Label(test,text="id").grid(row=0,column=0)

#Add entry(textbox) to the form with position=0, 1

 ent=Entry(test).grid(row=0,column=1)

#Add Button named ‘save’ to the form with position=3,1

 btn=Button(test,text="save").grid(row=3,column=1)

#create  toplevel menu  to the form

 menubar = Menu(test)  

#Add sub-menu to the menubar

 file = Menu(menubar, tearoff=0) 

 file.add_command(label="New")  

 file.add_command(label="Open")  

 file.add_command(label="Save")  

#Add separator to the menubar

 file.add_separator()  

#display the menu  

 menubar.add_cascade(label="File", menu=file)  

 test.config(menu=menubar)  

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