Grade 11 – Computer System Servicing NCII

Learning Module
First Quarter

Code: TLE_IACSS912ICCS-Ia-e-28
Lesson: INSTALLING AND CONFIGURING COMPUTER SYSTEMS
Learning Outcomes: Assemble computer hardware

OHS or Occupational Health and Safety

Refers to the legislation, policies, procedures and activities that aim to protect the health, safety and
welfare of all people at the workplace.
1. Do not work alone so that there's someone who can take care of you in case of emergency.
2. Always power off the computer and unplug the computer before working on it.
3. Take away any liquid near your working area to avoid getting electrocuted or accidentally
damaging computer parts.
4. Be careful with tools that may cause short circuit.
5. Always ground or discharge yourself before touching any part of the computer.
6. Do not use excessive force if things don't quite slip into place.
7. Clean the area before and after using it to maintain sanitation and prevent accidents.
8. Hold the components on the edges and do not touch the Integrated Circuit (IC) parts.
9. Always wear personal protective equipment (PPE) in accordance with the organization's OHS
procedures and practices.
10. Make sure that the pins are properly aligned when connecting a cable connector.
11. Contingency measures during workplace accidents, fire and other emergencies are recognized.
12. Use brush, compressed air or blower in cleaning the computer system.

Proper tool selection

A tool is a handheld device that aids in accomplishing a task. Tools range from a traditional metal cutting
part of a machine to an element of a computer program that activates and controls a particular
function.
Preparing for the task to be undertaken includes proper tool selection.
1. How do you select the best tool for the job? First, know and understand in detail the scope of
work to be accomplished, second, plan for the scope taking into account the sequence of tasks.
2. Selecting the best tool for each task requires training in the proper use of the tools, field
experience in their safe use, and following the manufacturer’s guidance and instructions for that
specific tool.
3. When obtaining the tool all the associated tooling and consumable parts, as recommended by
the manufacturer, must be included. In addition, related consumable parts must also be
selected and used according to their manufacturer’s instructions

Safe Use of tools

Once selected, use the tool for the purpose for which it was designed. Not all tools come with detailed
instructions, but there are those that do spell out the safety ―Do’s and Don’ts for the safety. If there are
set-up/use options, operator judgment must always be based on what is the safest way to use the tool.
Environmental Safety and Health Program requires the following:
 All tools be kept in good condition with regular maintenance
 The right tool be used for the job
 Each tool be examined before use AND damaged or defective tools NOT to be used
 Tools be operated according to manufacturer’s instructions
 The right protective equipment for the tool and activity be used

HARDWARE TOOLS
To complete hardware repairs, it is important to have a toolkit that should contain all of the necessary
tools. As you gain experience, you will learn which tools to have available for different types of jobs.
Hardware tools are grouped into these four categories:
 Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) tools
 Hand tools
 Cleaning tools
 Diagnostic tools
 Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) Tools
Static electricity is easily generated by friction on carpets, tile flooring, clothing, hair, fabric, and etc. The
friction of moving air alone will charge suspended particles and cause the buildup of static electrical
charges on people and objects in the environment. Grounded antistatic work mats used with antistatic
wrist straps provide the most basic means for the controlled discharge of electrostatic electricity.
Examples of ESD Tools.
 Anti-static Wrist Strap is used to prevent ESD damage to computer equipments.
 Atni-static Mat is used to stand on or place hardware on to prevent static electricity from
building up.

Anti-static Mat and Wrist Strap

Hand Tools
A hand tool is a device for performing work on a material or a physical system using only hands. The hand
tools can be manually used employing force, or electrically powered, using electrical current. Examples of
Hand Tools:
 Flat head screwdriver is used to loosen or tighten slotted screws
 Philips head screwdriver is used to loosen or tighten cross- head screws
 Torx screwdriver is used to loosen or tighten screws that have a star-like depression on the top,
a feature that is mainly found on laptop
 Hex driver is sometimes called a nut driver, is used to tighten nuts in the same way that a
screwdriver tightens screws.
 Needle-nose plier is used to hold small parts.
 Wire cutter is used to strip and cut wires.
 Tweezers is used to manipulate small parts.
 Part retriever is used to retrieve parts from location that are too small for your hand to fit.
 Flashlight i s used to light up areas that you cannot see well.

Philips and Flat Screwdriver

Torx Screwdriver Hex Screwdriver

Needle-nose Plier
Tweezer
Wire Cutter

Flashlight
Parts Retriever
\
 Cleaning Tools
Having the appropriate cleaning tools is essential when maintaining or repairing computers. Using these
tools ensures that computer components are not damaged during cleaning. Examples:
 Lint-free cloth – used to clean different computer components without scratching or leaving
debris
 Compressed air – used to blow away dust and debris from different computer parts without
touching the components
 Cable ties – used to bundle cables neatly inside and outside of a computer
 Parts organizer – used to hold screw, jumpers, fasteners and other small parts and prevents
them from getting mixed together

Lint-free Cloth Compressed Air Cable ties

Parts Organizer

Diagnostic Tools
Computers are easier to use and more dependable with each new generation of hardware and operating
system update, but that doesn't mean they're problem-free. Here's the most popular tools for diagnosing
your computer problems:
 Multimeter – used to test the integrity of circuits and the quality of electricity in computer
components
 Loopback Adapter – used to test the functionality of computer ports.

Multimeter Loopback Adapter

Disassembling a Computer
Before going into the disassembly proper, you will have to prepare all the materials that you will need.
 Disassembly Procedure
 Remove unnecessary accessories (ring, bracelet, necklace, watch, earnings)
 Prepare the following tools: philips screwdrivers, anti-static wrist strap and mat,.
 Place the system unit on the table.
 Put on the anti-static wrist strap.
 Remove sidecover by unscrewing the bolts.
 Unpug all the power connectors from the motherboard and other devices.
Note: Remove first the 24-pin ATX power connector, next is the 4-pin 12volts power connector,
and remove the remaining power cables.
 Remove the power supply unit. Unscrew the bolts from it and put on a box to avoid misplacing
the screw.
 Remove the CD-ROM on the drive bay, unscrew the bolts and slide it out.
 Remove the hard disk hard where it is located, unscrew the bolts and unmount it.
 Remove the motherboard by unscrewing the bolts in the standoffs. Unmount it by holding the
heatsink fan.
 Place the motherboard on the table, remove the RAM module by pulling the unlocks tabs in both
sides by pulling it down slowly. It should lock out of place and easily removed.
 Remove the heatsink fan by unplugging first the power cable placed on the motherboard,
unscrew the bolts and pull the lock slowly to remove it and access the CPU.
 Lift the metal rod next to the CPU socket that holds the CPU. Take note of the arrow that points
at the corner of thr processor to the socket. Take the CPU carefully from the socket and
immediately return once it noted it’s specifications.

Note: A video presentation is prepared to see the full procedure.

Assembling a Computer
Before going into the assembly proper, you will have to prepare all the materials that you will need.

Assembly Procedure
 Prepare all the materials needed in assembling a computer (philips screwdrivers, anti-static wrist
strap and mat, brush, theraml paste, flashlight)
 Place the system unit on the table.
 Put on the anti-static wrist strap.
 Remove sidecover by unscrewing the bolts.
 Before installing the CPU, check the brand specifications. After that, install the CPU.
 Clean the heatsink fan with the brush.
 Apply a small amount of thermal paste on the top of the CPU and on the heatsink fan. Align it on
the mounting tabs.
 Screw the bolts of the heatsink fan to secure it and plug the fan’s power connector to the
motherboard.
 Install thr RAM module it the ram slots. Gently push the RAM from both ends until it clicks into
place at the memory slot. The tabs should lock the RAM in.
 Install the motherboard by screwing the standoffs into place. Screw accordingly and align with
the I/O bezel.
  Install the hard disk drive on the hard drive bays. Mount the HDD by sliding it into place and line
up with the screw holes. Screw them tightly.
 Install the CD-ROM on the drive bay. From the outside, slide the CD-ROM into place and line up
with screw holes. Screw then tightly.
 Install the power supply. Align the holes as you mount it. Screw them tightlt.
 Connect all the cables. First, connect the 24-pin ATX poer cable, then the 4-pin 12volts, the
ramaining power cables and the connecting cables.

Note: A video presentation is prepared to see the full procedure.

Installing I/O Devices

These devices are important since it lets you control your computer.
Installing the Keyboard
1. Make sure to read the instruction manual of your keyboard first.
2. Check whether the keyboard has a USB (flat, rectangular shape) or PS/2 (typically round and
purple colored) connector.
3. Install the keyboard by connecting it to its proper port.
4. Do not install the keyboard while the computer is powered on. Do not remove the keyboard
while the computer is running.

Installing the Mouse

The process to installing this device is similar to that of the keyboard. Check whether your mouse is using
a PS/2 Connector or a USB connector then connect it to its proper port.

Installing the Monitor

1. Identify the connection type that
will connect the monitor to the
motherboard or the graphics card.
2. A DVI, VGA, or HDMI are common
ports in the monitor and used to
produce best picture qualities.
3. Once the display is plugged to its
proper connector on the video card
or the motherboard, the display is
ready. Most of the time, drivers are
not required but it should be
downloaded to utilize a maximum
resolution.

Installing the Speakers

1. Determine the type of speaker and its connector.
2. Connect the cable (usually a 3.5mm jack) to the line-out jack of the computer sound card or on
the system unit.
3. Plug in the power cord.
 Installing the Webcam
Common webcams can be simply plugged into the USB port and you will be
prompted to install their drivers. Some webcams would need to have its driver
installed first. Make sure to read the manufacturer’s instruction manual first.

Installing the Printer

1. Make sure to have the printer and power cable.
2. Connect the printer connector to the unit.
3. Insert the ink or toner cartridge to the printer.
4. Turn the printer on.
5. Power the computer.
6. Start the Printer Install Wizard.
7. Follow the instructions to install the Printer Driver.
8. Run a test print to check if the printer is installed correctly.

Power On/OFF Self Test (POST)

When power is turned on, POST (Power-On Self-Test) is the diagnostic testing sequence that a
computer's basic input/output system (or "starting program") runs to determine if the computer
keyboard, random access memory, disk drives, and other hardware are working correctly.
If the necessary hardware is detected and found to be operating properly, the computer begins to boot. If
the hardware is not detected or is found not to be operating properly, the BIOS issues an error message
which may be text on the display screen and/or a series of coded beeps, depending on the nature of the
problem. Since POST runs before the computer's video card is activated, it may not be possible to
progress to the display screen. The pattern of beeps may be a variable numbers of short beeps or a
mixture of long and short beeps, depending on what type of BIOS is installed.
The patterns of beeps contain messages about the nature of the problem detected. For example, if the
keyboard is not detected, a particular pattern of beeps will inform you of that fact. An error found in the
POST is usually fatal (that is, it causes current program to stop running) and will halt the boot process,
since the hardware checked is absolutely essential for the computer's functions.

Beep codes:
1. Beep - Refresh Failure
Reseat/replace memory, troubleshoot motherboard.
2. Beeps - Parity Error
Reseat/replace memory, troubleshoot motherboard.
3. Beeps - Memory Error (first 64KB)
Reseat/replace memory.
4. Beeps - Timer Failure
Troubleshoot motherboard.
5. Beeps - Processor Failure
Troubleshoot CPU, motherboard.
6. Beeps - Keyboard Controller Failure
Troubleshoot keyboard, motherboard.
7. Beeps - Virtual Mode Exception Error
Troubleshoot CPU, motherboard.
8. Beeps - Display Memory Failure
Troubleshoot graphics card, motherboard.
9. Beeps - ROM BIOS Checksum Failure
Replace ROM BIOS, troubleshoot motherboard.
10. Beeps - CMOS Shutdown Register Failure
Troubleshoot motherboard.
11. Beeps - L2 Cache Failure
Troubleshoot L2 cache, motherboard.
12. Continuous Beeps - Memory or Video Failure
Troubleshoot memory, graphics card, and motherboard.
CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor)
The term usually used to describe the small amount of memory on a computer motherboard that stores
the BIOS settings. Some of these BIOS settings include the system time and date as well
as hardware settings.

Reference: http://www.the12list.com/2014/06/12-ohs-procedures-for-computer-hardware.html
https://www.e-tesda.gov.ph/mod/book/view.php?id=1099&chapterid=1792
https://www.e-tesda.gov.ph/mod/book/view.php?id=1100&chapterid=1797
https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/POST-Power-On-Self-Test
https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/beep-codes
https://www.lifewire.com/what-is-cmos-2625826
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