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Limiting Reactant: Name: Abdulla Sadeq AL-Saegh ID: 20165113 Section: 30

The student conducted an experiment to determine the limiting reactant and percentage yield of the reaction between silver nitrate and potassium chromate solutions. Calculations determined that silver nitrate was the limiting reactant, as it produced fewer moles of product than theoretically possible based on the starting amounts. The percentage yield of the reaction was calculated to be 67.5%, taking into account the actual and theoretical masses of the silver chromate product formed. Sources of error in the experiment were also discussed.

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33 views4 pages

Limiting Reactant: Name: Abdulla Sadeq AL-Saegh ID: 20165113 Section: 30

The student conducted an experiment to determine the limiting reactant and percentage yield of the reaction between silver nitrate and potassium chromate solutions. Calculations determined that silver nitrate was the limiting reactant, as it produced fewer moles of product than theoretically possible based on the starting amounts. The percentage yield of the reaction was calculated to be 67.5%, taking into account the actual and theoretical masses of the silver chromate product formed. Sources of error in the experiment were also discussed.

Uploaded by

Hasan Rajab
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Limiting Reactant

Experiment ( 2 )

Name : Abdulla Sadeq AL-Saegh


ID : 20165113
Section : 30
Exp no. 2

Exp title: Limiting Reactant.

Aim :
To determine the limiting reagent and percentage yield of a chemical reaction.

Introduction :
When a chemist carries out a reaction, the reactants are usually not present in
exact stoichiometric amounts, that is, in the proportions indicated by the
balanced equation. The reactant used up first in a reaction is called the limiting
reagent, since the maximum amount of product formed depends on how much of
this reactant was originally present. When this reactant is used up, no more
products can be formed. Thus one or more of the other reactants will often be
present in quantities greater than those needed to react with the quantity of the
limiting reagent present. These reactants are called excess reagents.

The concept of the limiting reagent is analogous to the relationship between the
number of stamps available and the number of letters to be mailed. If there are
nine letters and only six tamps, then the maximum number of letters that can be
sent is six. The number of stamps thus limits the number of letters that can be
mailed, and there is an excess of envelopes.

Reaction :
2 AgNO3(aq) + K2CrO4(aq) → 2KNO3(aq) + Ag2CrO4(s)
Data and Results:
1. When we mixed Silver nitrate with Potassium chromate, we got a red precipitate :
2AgNO3(aq) + K2CrO4(aq) → Ag2CrO4(s)↓ + 2KNO3(aq).

2. After that we used a filter paper to filter the Solution, the red precipitate is solid.

Calculations:
1. Mass of filter paper, m1= 1.0512 g
2. Mass of filter paper + dry solid, m2= 1.432 g
3. Mass of product (Experiment yield) = m2- m1= 0.3808g
4. Equation of the reaction:
2AgNO3(aq) + K2CrO4(aq) → 2KNO3(aq)+ Ag2CrO4(s)↓.
5. Molarity of AgNO3,MAgNO3 = 0.125 M
6.Volume of AgNO3,VAgNO3 = 20 mL
7. Total No. of moles of AgNO3 ,nAgNO3= Molarity (mol.L) * Volume (L)
= 0.125 mol.L * 20.0*10-3 L = 2.5*10-3 moles
8. Molarity of K2CrO4,M K2CrO4 = 0.100 M
9.Volume of K2CrO4,V K2CrO4 = 13 mL
10. Total No. of moles of K2CrO4 ,n K2CrO4= Molarity (mol.L) * Volume (L)
= 0.100 mol.L * 13.0*10-3 L = 1.3*10-3 moles
11. No. of moles of product (Ag2CrO4) if all of Ag2NO3 has reacted, np1 =
np1 = nAgNO3 * (1 mol Ag2CrO4 / 2 mol AgNO3)= 1.25*10-3M
12. No. of moles of product (Ag2CrO4) if all of K2CrO4 has reacted, np2 =
np2 = n K2CrO4 * (1 mol Ag2CrO4 / 1 mol K2CrO4)= 1.3*10-3M
13. Limiting reagent is: AgNO3
14. Molar mass of product Ag2CrO4 , MM = 331.18 g/mol
15. Theoretical yield = Moles of Ag2CrO4* MM =1.25*10-3* 331.8 = 0.414 g
16. % yield = (actual yield/theoretical yield)* 100% = (0.3808/0.414) * 100 = 67.5%
Discussion:

From the experiment, we found that AgNO3 is the limiting reagent and the number of moles is
1.25x10-3 mole, and from that we calculated the mass of Ag2CrO4 through the theoretical yield
and it was 0.415 g. And from the experimental yield we found the mass of Ag2CrO4 is 0.28 g.
There are some expected errors in the experience, such as:

1. Error in weighting the filter paper.


2. Error in measuring the amount of the chemicals.
3. A little of the solution failed during poured in the filter paper.
4. The glass was not clean.
5. The solid was not dry.

Conclusion:

In this experiment we found a red precipitate after mixing AgNO3 with K2CrO4 and we saw
yellowish solution after putting the filter paper, which means that AgNO3 is the limiting reagent
and K2CrO4 is the excess reagent.

Also, we found by calculation that AgNO3 is indeed the limiting reagent, and the percentage
yield of our experiment was 91.98%

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