Steel Structure Complex Engineering Problem

Table of Contents
Course Code:...................................................................................................................................1

Alternate Design Option:.................................................................................................................1

Propose Solution/Hypothesis:..........................................................................................................1

Tasks................................................................................................................................................2

Proposed yield strength of Steel members.......................................................................................2

Analysis through SAP 2000:...........................................................................................................3

Unit Setting:.................................................................................................................................3

Grid Spacing:...............................................................................................................................4

Edit Grid System:........................................................................................................................5

Define Frame Sections:................................................................................................................6

Frame Type Purlin.......................................................................................................................8

Column:.......................................................................................................................................9

Bracing:......................................................................................................................................11

Chord:........................................................................................................................................12

All the required Frame Sections:...............................................................................................14

Area Section/ Roof:...................................................................................................................14

Area Section/ Wall:....................................................................................................................15

All required Area Sections:.......................................................................................................16

Load patterns:............................................................................................................................16

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Steel Structure Complex Engineering Problem

Load Case:.................................................................................................................................17

Load Combination.....................................................................................................................17

Truss:.........................................................................................................................................18

Assign Supports:........................................................................................................................19

Replicate Whole Truss:..............................................................................................................19

Bracing and Purlins:..................................................................................................................20

Applying Roof Sheet:................................................................................................................21

Applying Walls:.........................................................................................................................21

Appling loads:............................................................................................................................22

Analysis:....................................................................................................................................24

Design Process:..............................................................................................................................25

Conclusion:....................................................................................................................................27

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Steel Structure Complex Engineering Problem

Course Code:

CE-406

Course title:

Steel Structures

Problem Definition:

Design a steel roof/composite roof to cover 60ft X 135 ft. section of warehouse as shown

in following figure 1. The warehouse is in Swat valley.

Alternate Design Option:

There are several ways of selecting roof type like flat roof, curved roof, Metal roofing and slate

roofing.

Propose Solution/Hypothesis:

Out of the many Roof Truss we prefer Prat Truss because the ware house is located in swat

valley where timber is easily available and most of the research papers and designers suggests

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that Pratt truss is good for drainage of water after rain and snow, and in mountainous areas for

wind speed Pratt truss is also adequate. A rise of 12ft is provided as the width of ware house is

60ft, such a rise in Pratt truss is good for drainage and also match other requirements of Swat

Valley. It is noticeable that Such a Roof Truss is more Economical as compare to other roofs.

Tasks
Information about site are:

 The average wind speed of swat valley according to metrological department =15.5 m/sec

 Structure Type = Class A

 Terrain Category of swat = Mountainous

 Topography or slope of swat Valley = > 3%

 Metrological Department Recommendation: Due to 60ft width Rise of truss 1

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provide 12ft for good drainage of snow and ice.

Proposed yield strength of Steel members

 Yield strength to be used for A36 is Fy = 36ksi

 Proposed structure type (e.g. flat roof or pitched roof):

 Pitched roof truss is provided for the sake of good drainage and the condition of

swat valley.

Analysis through SAP 2000:

Unit Setting:
First, change the units to your required or desired one. In the present case we are selecting kip, ft,

F. We can change it initially from the new model setting or after selecting the model by going to

the right bottom of SAP 2000 interface.

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Grid Spacing:
Open new Model and select grid only from all the available option as shown in below figure.

After selecting grid only, a menu will appear in which you can edit grid spacing according to

your requirement as shown by the figure followed by Grid only figure. For the time being we are

not tailoring the grid spacing according to what we need, reason being we can change it later by

edit grid option.

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Edit Grid System:

Edit the grid according to our assumption as depicted by the following figure. You can change

spacing according to your requirement in X, Y and Z direction.

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Define Frame Sections:

We can define frame section from the define section and selecting frame section as shown by the

figure below. By clicking over the Frame Section, a new window appears as shown in the picture

below after the immediate one. Click over add new property.

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Frame Type Purlin

To add the Purlin for this purpose I select file Channel Option. After clicking on add new

property I select the Steel option and click on Channel option & modified the menu according to

my assumptions & also select the material type A36 as shown in the picture below.

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Edit the C channel (Purlin) according to your requirement as shown by the figure.

Column:
Again, clicking on add new property select the Steel option and click on I/Wide Flange option &

modified the menu according to your assumptions & also select the material type A36 as shown

in the picture below. Edit Column properties according to your requirements as shown by the

next figure.

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Bracing:
Again, clicking on add new property select the Steel option and click on Angle option and

modify the menu according to my assumptions and also select the material type A36 as shown in

the picture below. Edit the bracing properties according to your requirement as shown by the

next figure.

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Chord:
Again, click on add new property& select the Steel option then click on Angle option &

modified the menu according to your assumptions & also select the material type A36 as shown

in the picture below. Edit the chord properties according to your requirement as shown by the

next figure.

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All the required Frame Sections:

All the required frame sections are added as shown by the figure below.

Area Section/ Roof:

To select area of Roof or select Roof material click again on the menu Define and then click over

section properties and select Area Section properties as shown in the picture below.

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Modify the menu according to your requirement and change the menu as shown in the picture

below.

Area Section/ Wall:

To select area of wall or select Wall material 1 clicked on the menu Define and then I click over

section properties and select Area Section properties as shown in the picture below and modify

the menu according to your requirement and change the menu as shown in the picture below.

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All required Area Sections:

All the required area sections are shown below.

Load patterns:
Define the load patterns as shown by the figure below and we can modify lateral loads by

clicking on modify lateral loads. The Code used is UBC-97.

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Load Case:
From the define menu, go to define load case and select load cases as shown by the figure below.

Load Combination
In our case we are going to use default load combination for steel frame design as shown by the

figure below.

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The different load combinations added were show in the picture below.

Truss:
Place all the elements defined earlier to their respective positions to have the required truss as

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shown by the figure below.

Assign Supports:
Restrain the ends of the column to fixed support by going to assign and then assign joint

restraints. Click the fixed support as shown in figure below.

Replicate Whole Truss:

After this step select the whole Pratt Truss and click on the menu Edit there click the option

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Replicate and replicate the truss to 4 numbers with spacing between them is 33.75 ft as shown in

the picture below.

Bracing and Purlins:

Cross Bracings are provided on third chord from each side and at mid of Pratt Truss also joint

Top portion of Pratt truss with ends on both sides with Bracing, and then joint each chord at ends

with Purlin and at the same moment replicate these member at a distance of 33.75 ft and at 3

Numbers as a result of which it appears as shown in the pictures below

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Applying Roof Sheet:

To apply sheet on roof, click on the tool Draw Poly Area and apply it on the top of Pratt Truss as

shown in the picture below

Applying Walls:
To apply Walls, I change the view to Y-Z and then I click on the tool Quick Draw Area and

change the option to walls and apply it on sides between two columns of Pratt Truss as shown in

the picture below

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Appling loads:
To apply loads, select the roof section from menu the whole roof selected and then

Click on the menu Assign and thereafter click on the option area loads and uniform

Area Load to Frame Section. A new menu appear in which provide the loads (Dead, live, wind

and snow load) as shown in the picture below,

Dead load = 7450.925 lb, Live load = 3594.37 lb, Wind load = 14.26 m/sec Snow load =5452.30
lb.

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Analysis:
For analysis clickon the Run button and analysis starts as result of analysis the roof

truss change to deformed shape as shown in the picture below.

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Design Process:
Click on the Design option and then click on the Steel Frame Design and there click on

view/Revise Preferences. Choose steel manual AISC 360-10. After this start design process.

Also check for all frames passed or fall as shown in the figure below.

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Conclusion:
It was concluded that when we Provide columns along with roof truss it is safer and the

design life of the truss will increase. If in its design life the probable storm or the condition

change so it will also support such situations as we observed from the analysis of SAP 2000

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COMPLEX ENGINEERING PROBLEM

Subject: Steel Structures CE406

Group Members

Abrar Ahmad (63-FET/BSCE/F15)

Muhammad Abrar Khan (44-FET/BSCE/F15)

Hafiz Hassan Mehmood Subhani (55-FET/BSCE/F15)

Department of Civil Engineering

Faculty of Engineering & Technology

International Islamic University Islamabad

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