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Lab 8-CS-Lab

This document describes an experiment to analyze the time response of first and second order systems using a PID controller. The objectives are to analyze the response of first and second order systems using a PID controller. The experiment involves applying a 5V input to open loop first and second order systems and observing the response. PID controllers are then connected to the systems and the response is observed as the PID gains are varied. Students are asked to simulate the first and second order systems with PID controller in MATLAB/Simulink and observe the output responses.

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Lovely Jutt
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49 views

Lab 8-CS-Lab

This document describes an experiment to analyze the time response of first and second order systems using a PID controller. The objectives are to analyze the response of first and second order systems using a PID controller. The experiment involves applying a 5V input to open loop first and second order systems and observing the response. PID controllers are then connected to the systems and the response is observed as the PID gains are varied. Students are asked to simulate the first and second order systems with PID controller in MATLAB/Simulink and observe the output responses.

Uploaded by

Lovely Jutt
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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International Islamic University Islamabad

Faculty of Engineering & Technology


Department of Electrical Engineering

CONTROL SYSTEMS LAB

Experiment No. 8: Time Response analysis of First and Second order systems with
PID controller using Hardware

Name of Student: ……………………………………

Registration No.: ……………………………………..

Date of Experiment: …………………………………

Submitted To: ………………………………………...

Experiment No. 8: Time Response analysis of First and Second order systems with PID controller
using Hardware Page 1
Objectives:
 To analyze the response of a first and second order systems using PID controller.
Equipment Required:
 PID Trainer
 Connecting wires
 Oscilloscope
Theory:
A first order system means that there is only one independent energy storage element
present in a system. For example a simple RC circuit, where capacitor is the energy storing
element, braking of an automobile etc. The response of a first order does not exhibit
overshoots (ripples), irrespective of the position of the poles. As you know, ripples or
overshoot comes into play when there are complex poles and complex poles always come in
a pair (at least 2nd order). Even if the pole is at origin, it will be an integrator. The time
constant (𝜏) play an important role in defining the behavior of a first order system. On the
other hand, there are two independent energy storage elements in a second order model. For
example RLC circuit, where L inductor and C capacitor are two energy storing elements and
these elements exchange stored energy. The second order system may or may not exhibit
oscillatory behavior. The natural frequency and damping ratio play very important roles in
defining systems response in second order systems.
Part 1: Response of first order system with PID controller
Procedure:
a. First, apply 5V (SP) directly to the first order system block and observe its open loop
transient response using digital storage oscilloscope, observe and record the response on
Figure 8.1.

Figure 8.1

Experiment No. 8: Time Response analysis of First and Second order systems with PID controller
using Hardware Page 2
b. The connections diagram of PID controller with first order system is shown in Figure 8.2.

Figure 8.2
c. After making all required connection on the board, switch ON the power supply. Ground
the inputs of summing block, which are not in use.
d. Observe the transient response at TP11 using digital storage oscilloscope; you can easily
observe the effect of PID controller by adjusting Kp, Ki, and Kd knobs.
e. Gradually, vary the gain values (Kp, Ki, and Kd) and observe the changes in the output
response of the system. Record the output response on Figure 8.3.

Figure 8.3

Experiment No. 8: Time Response analysis of First and Second order systems with PID controller
using Hardware Page 3
Part 2: Response of second order system with PID controller
a. First, apply 5V (SP) directly to the second order system block and observe its open loop
transient response using digital storage oscilloscope, observe and record the response on
Figure 8.4.

Figure 8.4

b. The connections diagram of PID controller with first order system is shown in Figure 8.5.

Figure 8.5

c. After making all required connection on the board, switch ON the power supply. Ground
the inputs of summing block, which are not in use.
d. Observe the transient response at TP12 using digital storage oscilloscope; you can easily
observe the effect of PID controller by adjusting Kp, Ki, and Kd knobs.
e. Gradually, vary the gain values (Kp, Ki, and Kd) and observe the changes in the output
response of the system. Record the output response on Figure 8.6.

Experiment No. 8: Time Response analysis of First and Second order systems with PID controller
using Hardware Page 4
Figure 8.6

Exercise Problems
Question:
a. Construct and analyze the systems of Figure 8.2 and 8.5 in MATLAB/Simulink and
observe the output responses for a set point of 5V.
b. Attach the printed snapshots with lab handouts and submit them to the lab instructor.

Experiment No. 8: Time Response analysis of First and Second order systems with PID controller
using Hardware Page 5

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