THE IMPORTANCE OF RECYCLING OF WASTE MANAGMENT

MICRO-PROJECT – REPORT WRITING

THE IMPORTANCE OF RECYCLING OF WASTE MANAGMENT
1.0 Rationale:
Industrialization and urbanization is increasing day by day. As a result of this, the
generation of solid waste is a major problem all over the country within the urban as well
as rural area and it is increasing day by day. In view of this, the management of solid
waste produced is of prime need to keep the environment safe and clean. Information on
classification and characteristics of solid waste will enable to decide appropriate
technology about the collection and transportation of waste produced. Various disposal
methods of solid waste will enable to recommend suitable method of disposal of solid
waste with economy and acceptable environmental constraints including reuse and
recycle wherever applicable. Content on other types of solid waste such as biomedical
waste, construction waste, E-waste and plastic waste will be useful in deciding
appropriate method for collection, transportation and disposal of these wastes. Thus, the
knowledge of solid waste management with the concept like recycling, recovery and
reuse will lead to proper disposal with acceptability. This will further lead to keeping the
natural resources condemnation free.
2.0 Aims/ Benefits of the Micro-Project:
This practice is highly lucrative. Keeps the environment clean and fresh. Saves the Earth
and conserves energy. Reduces environmental pollution. Waste management will help
you earn money. Creates employment

3.0 Course Outcomes:

1. Execute the relevant method of collection and transportation of solid wastes.

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4.0 Literature review:

i. Annepu, R. K. (2012, January), Solid Waste Management is a complex task which requires
appropriate organisational capacity and cooperation between numerous stakeholders in the
private and public sectors. Although it is essential to public health and environmental
protection, solid waste management in most cities of developing countries is highly
unsatisfactory.

ii. Bandyopadhyay, S. (May 2014), If it is not handled carefully the problem of Solid Waste
will multiply and will become a disaster for the world. To resolve this issue, cities and their
citizens should join together to create sustainable lifestyles and an ecological civilisation in
which people and environment coexist in harmony.

iii. Board, C. P. (2010-11), Solid waste Management (SWM) is yet in the formative stage as a
well classified and large quantum of information is not at hand. This paper summarises the
literature and inferences gathered so far pertained to the topic.

iv. Christian Riuji Lohri, E. J. (2013, November), The main focus of this research paper is on
Financial Aspect of Solid Waste Management (SWM). Areas such as challenges facing
SWM, sustainable SWM, Integrated approach to SWM, Financing options, centralised –
decentralised systems of SWM.

v. Dasgupta, T. (2014), Environmental Audit of SWM system, Importance of Public-Private

Partnerships in SWM, Financial performance analysis of SWM through Cost-Benefit
Analysis are covered in this paper.

vi. George, F. (2007), The objectives of writing this are to study the current practices related to
the various waste management initiatives taken in India for human wellbeing. The other
purpose is to provide some suggestions and recommendations to improve the waste
management practices in Indian towns.

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vii. India, M. O. (2012), This paper is based on secondary research. Existing reports related to
waste management and recommendations of planners/NGOs/consultants/government
accountability agencies/key industry experts/ for improving the system are studied.

viii. Kasala, S. E. (2014),It offers deep knowledge about the various waste management
initiatives in India and find out the scope for improvement in the management of waste for
the welfare of the society.

ix. Kasturirangan, C. K. (2014), The paper attempts to understand the important role played by
the formal sector engaged in waste management in our country. This work is original and
could be further extended.

x. Kurian, Joseph, S. R. (2012),Waste can be considered as a demon with multiple heads.

When we try to address one of the issues, many more complex issues arises, and it
becomes a vicious circle. At times it seems that the situation will go out of hand and we
will not be able to address issue of waste.

5.0 Actual Methodology Followed:

1. We searched some innovative topics for project.

2. We discussed on selected project teacher with sub teacher.
3. As per guidance of project teacher, we finalized one project.
4. We searched information on internet, reference books, and discussions with teacher.
5. We gathered information in report.
6. We prepared soft copy report.
7. Finally, we took printout of report.

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ABSTRACT

The objectives of writing this are to study the current practices related to the various
waste management initiatives taken in India for human wellbeing. The other purpose is to
provide some suggestions and recommendations to improve the waste management practices
in Indian towns. This paper is based on secondary research. Existing reports related to waste
management and recommendations of planners/NGOs/consultants/government accountability
agencies/key industry experts/ for improving the system are studied. It offers deep knowledge
about the various waste management initiatives in India and find out the scope for
improvement in the management of waste for the welfare of the society. The paper attempts
to understand the important role played by the formal sector engaged in waste management in
our country. This work is original and could be further extended.

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INTRODUCTION

Waste can be considered as a demon with multiple heads. When we try to address one
of the issues, many more complex issues arises, and it becomes a vicious circle. At times it
seems that the situation will go out of hand and we will not be able to address issue of
waste. However determined action can address the issue of waste, steps should be taken in
systematic and regular manner and those solutions should be adopted which are sustainable
as well as environment friendly.

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Waste Management

Waste management can be defined as all the activities that are required to manage waste from
the point of collecting the waste to recycling and monitoring.

Waste in waste management refers to unwanted or unusable material that is produced through
the activity of humans and can have different forms. Waste can be liquid, solid, or gas with
each having its disposal method and way of managing the waste.

Besides the state of the matter, there are also different types of waste, such as household,
biological, commercial and industrial waste. Some types of waste can form a threat to the
environment and human health, such as radioactive and chemical waste. These types of waste
are called hazardous waste.

The aim of waste management is to reduce the dangerous effects of such waste on the
environment and human health. A big part of waste management deals with municipal solid
waste, which is created by industrial, commercial, and household activity.

Classification of waste
There may be different types of waste such as Domestic waste, Factory waste,
Waste from oil factory, E-waste, Construction waste, Agricultural waste, Food processing
waste, Bio-medical waste, Nuclear waste, Slaughter house waste etc.

 Solid waste- vegetable waste, kitchen waste, household waste etc.

 E-waste- discarded electronic devices such as computer, TV, music systems etc.
 Liquid waste- water used for different industries, tanneries, distilleries, thermal power
plants
 Plastic waste- plastic bags, bottles, bucket, etc.
 Metal waste- unused metal sheet, metal scraps etc.
 Nuclear waste- unused materials from nuclear power plants Further we can group all
these types of waste into wet waste (Biodegradable) and dry waste (Non Biodegradable).

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Wet waste (Biodegradable) includes the following:

 Kitchen waste including food waste of all kinds, cooked and uncooked, including
eggshells and bones
 Flower and fruit waste including juice peels and house-plant waste
 Garden sweeping or yard waste consisting of green/dry leaves
 Sanitary wastes
 Green waste from vegetable & fruit vendors/shops
 Waste from food & tea stalls/shops etc.

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Dry waste (Non-biodegradable) includes the following:

 Paper and plastic,

all kinds
 Cardboard
and cartons
 Containers
of all kinds
excluding
those containing hazardous material
 Packaging of all kinds
 Glass of all kinds
 Metals of all kinds
 Rags, rubber
 House sweeping (dust etc.)
 Ashes
 Foils, wrappings, pouches, sachets and tetra packs (rinsed)
 Discarded electronic items from offices, colonies viz. cassettes, computer diskettes,
printer cartridges and electronic parts.
 Discarded clothing, furniture and equipment

In addition to the above wastes, another type of waste called “Domestic Hazardous
Waste” may also be generated at the household level. These include used aerosol cans,
batteries, and household kitchen and drain cleaning agents, car batteries and car care
products, cosmetic items, chemical-based insecticides/pesticides, light bulbs, tube-lights and
compact fluorescent lamps (CFL), paint, oil, lubricant and their empty containers. Waste that

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is considered hazardous is first required by the EPA to meet the legal definition of solid
waste. The EPA incorporates hazardous waste into three categories. The first category are
source-specific wastes, the second category is nonspecific wastes, and third, commercial
chemical products. Generally, hazardous waste “is waste that is dangerous or potentially
harmful to our health or the environment. Hazardous wastes can be liquids, solids, gases, or
sludge. They can be discarded commercial products, like cleaning fluids or pesticides, or the
by-products of manufacturing processes (EPA Wastes Website, 2010).

Similarly there is “Non Hazardous waste”. There are many definitions of hazardous
and non-hazardous waste within the US federal government, states and industry groups. The
Department of Defense (DOD) and The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) define
waste as “the extravagant, careless, or needless expenditure of DOD funds or the
consumption of DOD property that results from deficient practices, systems, controls, or
decisions. In addition, “abuse is the manner in which resources or programs are managed that
creates or perpetuates waste and it includes improper practices not involving prosecutable
fraud” (EPA Wastes Website, 2010).

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines solid nonhazardous waste as

“any garbage or refuse, sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, water supply treatment
plant, or air pollution control facility and other discarded material, including solid, liquid,
semi-solid, or contained gaseous material resulting from industrial, commercial, mining, and
agricultural operations, and from community activities” (EPA Wastes Website, 2010). The
definition of non-hazardous waste can also include financial waste. In 2009 the US
Presidential Executive Order, Reducing Improper Payments and Eliminating Waste in
Federal Programs was initiated to eliminate payment error, waste, fraud and abuse in major
Federal government programs due to public zero tolerance of fraud, waste and abuse. This
Executive Order is based upon a transparent, participatory and collaborative comprehensive
framework between the government and public.

Waste Generation in India

India is experiencing population explosion and direct effect of this population growth is rapid
urbanization. The population of India is 1354 million in 2018 [4], compared with 1028
million in 2001. Population growth is directly corelated to increased solid waste generation.

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As the population increase demand for resources increases this generates wastes as their by-
products.

Growth of Urban Agglomerations in India

Trends suggest that 50 per cent of India’s population will live in the urban areas by 2050.
Large urban agglomerations face challenges of effective waste management, with the
quantities being beyond the assimilative capacity of the indigenous infrastructure and
management capacities of environmental sinks [5]. Tremendous growth of 75.8% in number
of urban agglomerations from 1901 to 2011 as shown in figure 2. A staggering 81 per cent of
the total Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in India is generated in the Class-I cities of the
country. (Swachh Bharat Mission: Solid Waste Management Manual, 2016) This is predicted
to go up from the current per capita generation of 0.2-0.6kg (CPHEEO manual) in typical
Indian cities, in the coming years.

Waste generation and characteristics

Estimating the quantity and characteristics of MSW in India and forecasting waste generation
is fundamental to successful waste management planning [6]. The quantity of MSW
generated depends on various contributing factors like living standards, type of commercial

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activities and their scale, indiviual choices of the society like eating habit, reuse and recycling
etc. [7].

Waste generation rate depends on many factors, such as population density, economic status,
per capita income, economic development and industrial development, cultural and individual
behaviour of the society. Figure 3 provides data on MSW generation in different states,
indicating high waste generation in Maharastra (21867 tonnes per day), Tamil Nadu (14500
tonnes per day), Gujarat (10480 tonnes per day), Karnataka (8697 tonnes per day), Delhi
(8370 tonnes per day). Lowest waste generation occurs in Arunachal Pradesh (13 tonnes per
day), Lakshadweep (21 tonnes per day), Sikkim (49 tonnes per day), Daman & Diu (85
tonnes per day).

The Importance of Waste Management to Environmental Sanitation

Waste management is important because it helps in maintaining the cleanliness of the whole
world. It needs to be practiced because the entire population’s health and protection depend
on it.
Another reason is that this is a good way to execute waste recycling management – through
recycling; wastes will be reduced and can lessen the need for landfilling. Aside from that,
recycling can also decrease the cost production and it can help in keeping natural resources.
And of course, if we practice waste management, we will be able to conserve the natural
beauty of our planet earth. There are times when landscapes are ruined because of the
carelessness of humans – hence, once we become responsible with all our wastes and know
how to manage it, we can help in preserving our nature’s beauty today and allow the future
generation to see it still.
Inadequate sanitation will lead to big problems as time passes by, that’s why it’s imperative
to practice waste management as early as now so that we will be able to prevent drastic
damage that the world might have in the future.
And if you need any kind of treatments services for your commercial or residential places,
never hesitate to contact us, Green Mountains, and we will gladly help you.
IMPORTANCE OF WASTE MANAGEMENT SERVICES IN INDIA

We cannot think of sustainable and environmental friendly growth without thinking of waste
management services in a developing country like ours. Be it large organizations or small

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businesses, comprehensive cleaning is essential for any type of business. Hence, the role of
waste management services remains integral in India.

Waste management is definitely more than merely tackling household waste. Thus special
waste management services are becoming increasingly popular these days. With stringent
business policies regarding environmental waste management, waste management services
these days are playing a crucial role in helping organizations in fulfilling their civic
responsibilities.

There are various methods of managing waste and thus waste management services have now
become as important as any other department in an organization. Organizations are
increasingly becoming conscious of their role which is not just limited to giving timely
incentives to their workforce, but also taking a step further to ensure their healthy being. For
a country like India, having a well equipped network for waste management is the need of the
hour. Therefore, waste management services in India are of ultimate importance.

Some of the common waste management services include :

 Door to door waste collection

 Segregation of Waste

 Composting and treatment of Organic Waste

 Supply of quality waste material to recyclers

 Disposal of disposable waste at sanitary landfill

Managing waste is a tedious task and thus the role of waste management services come into
play. Each organization has its own way of tackling waste or trash. But, waste management
services can extend a helping hand in managing the waste in more efficient and effective
manner. Some of the various techniques and practices which are extremely important part of
waste management services include :

1. PROPER MECHANISMS FOR WASTE COLLECTION

Be it school, company, factories or corporate office, proper disposal of waste materials is

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important for each and every organization. Hence, each organization can aim at providing
adequate baskets, bins and barrels for collecting waste materials to ensure good hygiene.

2. REGULAR CLEANING AND WASTE REMOVAL PRACTISES

It is important that all interior spaces of any organization ranging from schools, commercial
buildings , etc should be well maintained and properly cleaned. It would generally include
removal of sanitary and food waste, trash and other waste materials. This would ensure a
healthy working environment for public, employees, workforce, teachers ,etc.

3. GREENER PRACTICES FOR CLEANING 

Waste can be categorized into biodegradable and non biodegradable. Furthermore, it can be
sub divided into recyclable and non recyclable. Such categorization can help to clean in a
better way through safe and eco friendly means. Green practices should thus be encouraged
in organizations for health safety of employees.

The Indian Pollution Control Association aims at providing you professional cleaning and
waste management services. We excel in providing you the best waste management services
no matter whether you own an educational facility, office building, community center. Our
team of management experts won’t disappoint you with its excellent professional waste
management services.

Methods of waste disposal:

Non-biodegradable and toxic wastes like radioactive remnants can potentially cause
irreparable damage to the environment and human health if not strategically disposed of.
Waste disposal has been a matter of concern, the main problem growth in population and
industrialization. Here are a few methods of waste disposal.
Landfills: Throwing daily waste/garbage in the landfills is the most popularly used method
of waste disposal used today. This process of waste disposal focuses attention on burying the
waste in the land.
Recycling: Recycling is the process of converting waste products into new products to
prevent energy usage and consumption of fresh raw materials. Recycling is to reduce energy

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usage, reduce the volume of landfills, reduce air and water pollution, reduce greenhouse gas
emissions, and preserve natural resources for future use.
Composting:
Composting is an easy and natural bio-degradation process that takes organic wastes i.e.
remains of plants and garden and kitchen waste and turns into nutrient-rich food for your
plants.
Incineration:
Incineration involves the combustion of waste materials. With this method, the waste material
is heated to very high temperatures and is converted into materials such as heat, gas, steam,
and ash.

CONCLUSION
Waste management sector has lot of potential to become a resource. Waste
management should be dealt in a holistic manner with sustainable developmemnt approach.
Since waste has been a part of informal sector historically in India, we need to focus on
informal sector and specific policies should be designed. Waste should be managed in a

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decentralized approach and in- situ at production site. This reduces quantity of waste and
economic cost of handling.
Remediation practices should be focused on public awareness and encouraging public
participation. Green remediation and management practices are the need of the hour. It will
not only solve the issue of waste management but will be the sustainable long-term solution.
User fee should be charged by governmnet according to the quality and quantity of
waste. Waste to energy and such new technologies should be adopted in waste management.
At the policy level we have many rules and regulations currently in India; we just need
stringent enforcement and punishment to offenders. .

REFERENCES

1. Waste to Resources; A waste Management Handbook, TERI, 2014

http://cbs.teriin.org/pdf/Waste_Management_Handbook.pdf

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2. What a waste? Global Review of Solid Waste Management, 2012, The World Bank
Group
http://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/19823/What_a_waste_A_Global
_Review_ of_Solid_Waste.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
3. Waste to Energy and Waste Management Market in India – 2018,
https://enincon.com/report/waste-to-energy-and-waste-management-market-in-india-
2018
4. Worldometers, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World
Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision. www.worldometers.info/world-
population/india-population/
5. Solid Waste Management Rules in India,
https://www.devalt.org/newsletter/apr18/of_4.htm
6. Rana PR, Yadav D, Ayub S, Siddiqui AA. 2014. Status and challenges in solid waste
management: a case study of Aligarh city. J. Civil Eng. Environ. Technol. 1, 19–24.
7. Kaushal RK, Varghese GK, Chabukdhara M. 2012. Municipal solid waste management
in India— current state and future challenges: a review. Int. J. Eng. Sci. Technol. 4,
1473–1489.
8. Sridevi P, Modi M, Lakshmi MVVC, Kesavarao L. 2012. A review on integrated solid
waste management. Int. J. Eng. Sci. Adv. Technol. 2, 1491–1499.
9. Kumar KN, Goel S. 2009. Characterization of municipal solid waste (MSW) and a
proposed management plan for Kharagpur, West Bengal, India. Resour. Conserv.
Recycling 53, 166–174. doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2008.11.004
10. Integrated Solid Waste Management, Mushtaq Ahemd MEMON International
Environmental Technology Centre (IETC) OSAKA – JAPAN ,ppt
https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/dsd/csd/csd_pdfs/csd19/learningcentre/pr
esentations/May%202%20am/1%20-%20Memon%20-%20ISWM.pdf

1.0 Actual Resources Used:

Sr. Name of Resources/ Specification Qty Remarks

No material
.

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1 Computer 5 Mbps 1 Completed

2 Reference Book Solid Waste 2 Completed
Managment

2.0 Outputs of the Micro-Project:

The proposed Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management guide can contribute to a local
MSW management plan and also be useful for the design and monitoring of MSW
management. In this guide, data concerning the municipality and the solid waste management
are imported as input parameters. 
3.0 Skill Developed/ Learning outcomes of the Micro-Project:

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: Learn basic concepts

of solid waste management, beginning from source generation to waste disposal in a system
of municipality organizational structure.

4.0 Applications of Micro-Project:

 This practice is highly lucrative

 Keeps the environment clean and fresh
 Saves the Earth and conserves energy
 Reduces environmental pollution
 Waste management will help you earn money
 Creates employment

Teacher- Mr. SATHE.S.

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