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Introduction To Computing Assignment 1

The document discusses various hardware and software components of a computer including the monitor, keyboard, mouse, headphones, CPU, motherboard, RAM, storage devices, and differences between hardware and software. It also covers topics like USB ports, operating systems, high vs low-level programming languages, and the differences between interpreters and compilers.

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ayesha amjad
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506 views8 pages

Introduction To Computing Assignment 1

The document discusses various hardware and software components of a computer including the monitor, keyboard, mouse, headphones, CPU, motherboard, RAM, storage devices, and differences between hardware and software. It also covers topics like USB ports, operating systems, high vs low-level programming languages, and the differences between interpreters and compilers.

Uploaded by

ayesha amjad
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name: Ayesha Amjad Lab -1 Roll no (18-ELE-03)

Introduction to computing (18-ELE-03)


Computer:
A computer is a machine or device that performs processes, calculations and
operations based on instructions provided by a software or hardware program. It
is designed to execute applications and provides a variety of solutions by
combining integrated hardware and software components.

Monitor:
A monitor is an electronic visual computer display that includes a screen,
circuitry and the case in which that circuitry is enclosed. Older computer
monitors made use of cathode ray tubes (CRT), which made them large, heavy
and inefficient. Nowadays, flat-screen LCD monitors are used in devices like
laptops, PDAs and desktop computers because they are lighter and more energy
efficient. A monitor is also known as a screen or a visual display unit (VDU).

Monitor
USB pot:
A Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a common interface that enables
communication between devices and a host controller such as a personal
computer (PC). It connects peripheral devices such as digital cameras, mice,
keyboards, printers, scanners, media devices, external hard drives and flash
drives. Because of its wide variety of uses, including support for electrical
power, the USB has replaced a wide range of interfaces like the parallel and
serial port.
Name: Ayesha Amjad Lab -1 Roll no (18-ELE-03)

Keyboard:
A keyboard is a peripheral device that enables a user to input text into a
computer or any other electronic machinery. A keyboard is an input device and
is the most basic way for the user to communicate with a computer. This device
is patterned after its predecessor, the typewriter, from which the keyboard
inherited its layout, although the keys or letters are arranged to function as
electronic switches. The keys include punctuation, alphanumeric and special
keys like the Windows key and various multimedia keys, which have specific
functions assigned to them.

Keyboard

Mouse:
A mouse is a small handheld input device that controls a computer screen's
cursor or pointer in conjunction with the way it is moved on a flat surface. The
mouse term name originates from its likeness to a small, corded and elliptical
shaped device that looks like a mouse tail. Some mouse devices have integrated
features, such as extra buttons that may be programmed and assigned with
different commands.

Mouse
Name: Ayesha Amjad Lab -1 Roll no (18-ELE-03)

Headphones:
Headphones are a hardware device that can be plugged into a computer, laptop,
smart phone, mp3 player or other device to privately listen to audio without
disturbing anyone in the vicinity. They are plug-and-play devices and do not
require any sort of installation before use. Headphones are also known as
earphones, or depending on the style.

Headphones

Parts of computer:
Different parts of computer are as follows:

 CPU
 Motherboard
 Power Supply
 Memory
 Input device
 Output Device
CPU
Central Processing Unit; this is the brains of the whole machine, where all
the magic happens. This component serves as the conductor of the orchestra
of components within your computer.
Motherboard
The mother board connect all the components together, as well as handle
some extremely low level functions. It is the most important part of
computer.
Name: Ayesha Amjad Lab -1 Roll no (18-ELE-03)

Power Supply:
The name says it all. This component provides a steady stream of specific
voltages to the components inside your computer, ensuring optimal
performance.

Power supply

RAM:
The computer stores most of the information relevant to the task at hand.
There is a small amount of on-processor cache, but the RAM is the primary
location. This memory is automatically cleared when the computer powers
down.

RAM
System Storage:
This one is where the computer stores information that it either can’t fit in
RAM, or has no need of at the moment. This is typically slower than RAM,
but stays persistent even after power off.

Storage devices
Name: Ayesha Amjad Lab -1 Roll no (18-ELE-03)

External Storage:
USB drives are the example of external storage device.
Keyboard:
Everybody’s favourite input method that has seen use before computers
were even conceived of.
Mouse:
A more modern computer interface that gave rise to the Graphical User
interface, or GUI (pronounced “gooey”).
Network:
Allowing you to receive and interpret input from anywhere in the world.

Network devices

Screen:
If it isn’t a piece of paper, you’re probably reading this on one.
Speakers:
Just about the only way for a computer to produce the sound you want that
doesn’t damage hardware in the process.

Speakers
Name: Ayesha Amjad Lab -1 Roll no (18-ELE-03)

GPU:
These come in two flavours: integrated and discrete; they handle most if not
all of the graphical portion of your computer. These pieces are put in GUI.

GPU

Audio Driver:
An often forgotten component typically integrated into your motherboard,
these devices take the string of binary code from your processor and turn it
into coherent sound you can understand.

Audio drivers
Name: Ayesha Amjad Lab -1 Roll no (18-ELE-03)

Difference between software and hardware devices

Hardware: Software:

 Physical parts of the computer  A set of instructions given to


are called hardware. the computer is called software.
 You can touch, see and feel  You cannot touch and feel
hardware. software.
 Hardware is constructed using  Software is developed by
physical materials or components. writing instructions in
 Computer is hardware, which programming language.
operates under the control of  The operations of computer are
software. controlled through software.
 If hardware is damaged, it is  If software is damaged or
replaced with new one. corrupted, its backup copy can be
 Hardware is not affected by reinstalled.
computer viruses.  Software is affected by
 Hardware cannot be transferred computer viruses.
from one place to another  Software can be transferred
electronically through network. from one thing to another
 User cannot make new duplicate electronically through network.
copies of the hardware.  User can make many new
duplicate copies of the software.

High level language:


A high-level language is any programming language that enables development
of a program in a much more user-friendly programming context and is
generally independent of the computer's hardware architecture. A high-level
language has a higher level of abstraction from the computer, and focuses more
on the programming logic rather than the underlying hardware components.
Low level language:
Low-level languages are designed to operate and handle the entire hardware and
instructions set architecture of a computer directly. Low-level languages are
considered to be closer to computers. In other words, their prime function is to
operate, manage and manipulate the computing hardware and components.
Programs and applications written in low-level language are directly executable
on the computing hardware without any interpretation or translation.
Name: Ayesha Amjad Lab -1 Roll no (18-ELE-03)
Theory of interpreter and compiler

Interpreter: Compiler:

Scans the entire program and


Translates program one statement at a
translates it as a whole into machine
time.
code.

It takes less amount of time to analyze It takes large amount of time to


the source code but the overall analyze the source code but the overall
execution time is slower. execution time is comparatively faster.

Generates intermediate object code


No intermediate object code is
which further requires linking, hence
generated, hence are memory efficient.
requires more memory.

It generates the error message only


Continues translating the program
after scanning the whole program.
until the first error is met, in which
Hence debugging is comparatively
case it stops. Hence debugging is easy.
hard.

Programming language like Python, Programming language like C, C++


Ruby interpreters. compilers.

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