MEVI HUB

 8051 

How to Interface UART with 8051

BY DEVILAL

Introduction
Hi guys, in this article we will see how to interface uart with 8051 using Keil IDE and runs in
the proteus software. Let’s get started.

One of the 8051s many powerful features is its integrated UART, otherwise known as a serial
port. The fact that the 8051 has an integrated serial port means that you may very easily read
and write values to the serial port. If it were not for the integrated serial port, writing a byte to
a serial line would be a rather tedious process requiring turning on and off one of the I/O lines
in rapid succession to properly “clock out” each individual bit, including start bits, stop bits,
and parity bits.

Create PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API PDFCROWD
 However, we do not have to do this. Instead, we simply need to configure the serial ports
operation mode and baud rate. Once configured, all we have to do is write to an SFR to write a
value to the serial port or read the same SFR to read a value from the serial port. The 8051
will automatically let us know when it has finished sending the character we wrote and will
also let us know whenever it has received a byte so that we can process it. We do not have to
worry about transmission at the bit level–which saves us quite a bit of coding and processing
time.

Setting the Serial Port Mode

The first thing we must do when using the 8051s integrated serial port is, obviously, configure
it. This lets us tell the 8051 how many data bits we want, the baud rate we will be using, and
how the baud rate will be determined.

First, lets present the “Serial Control” (SCON) SFR and define what each bit of the SFR
represents:

Bit Name Bit Addres Explanation of Function

7 SM0 9Fh Serial port mode bit 0

6 SM1 9Eh Serial port mode bit 1.

5 SM2 9Dh Mutliprocessor Communications Enable (explained later)

4 REN 9Ch Receiver Enable. This bit must be set in order to receive characters.

3 TB8 9Bh Transmit bit 8. The 9th bit to transmit in mode 2 and 3.

Create PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API PDFCROWD
 2 RB8 9Ah Receive bit 8. The 9th bit received in mode 2 and 3.

1 TI 99h Transmit Flag. Set when a byte has been completely transmitted.

0 RI 98h Receive Flag. Set when a byte has been completely received.

Additionally, it is necessary to define the function of SM0 and SM1 by an additional table:

SM0 SM1 Serial Mode Explanation Baud Rate

0 0 0 8-bit Shift Register Oscillator / 12

0 1 1 8-bit UART Set by Timer 1 (*)

1 0 2 9-bit UART Oscillator / 64 (*)

1 1 3 9-bit UART Set by Timer 1 (*)

(*) Note: The baud rate indicated in this table is doubled if PCON.7 (SMOD) is set.

The SCON SFR allows us to configure the Serial Port. Thus, well go through each bit and
review its function.

The first four bits (bits 4 through 7) are configuration bits.

Bits SM0 and SM1 let us set the serial mode to a value between 0 and 3, inclusive. The four
modes are defined in the chart immediately above. As you can see, selecting the Serial Mode

Create PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API PDFCROWD
 selects the mode of operation (8-bit/9-bit, UART or Shift Register) and also determines how
the baud rate will be calculated. In modes 0 and 2 the baud rate is fixed based on the
oscillators frequency. In modes 1 and 3 the baud rate is variable based on how often Timer 1
overflows. Well talk more about the various Serial Modes in a moment.

The next bit, SM2, is a flag for “Multiprocessor communication.” Generally, whenever a byte
has been received the 8051 will set the “RI” (Receive Interrupt) flag. This lets the program
know that a byte has been received and that it needs to be processed. However, when SM2 is
set the “RI” flag will only be triggered if the 9th bit received was a “1”. That is to say, if SM2 is
set and a byte is received whose 9th bit is clear, the RI flag will never be set. This can be
useful in certain advanced serial applications. For now it is safe to say that you will almost
always want to clear this bit so that the flag is set upon reception of any character.

The next bit, REN, is “Receiver Enable.” This bit is very straightforward: If you want to receive
data via the serial port, set this bit. You will almost always want to set this bit.

The last four bits (bits 0 through 3) are operational bits. They are used when actually sending
and receiving data–they are not used to configure the serial port.

The TB8 bit is used in modes 2 and 3. In modes 2 and 3, a total of nine data bits are
transmitted. The first 8 data bits are the 8 bits of the main value, and the ninth bit is taken
from TB8. If TB8 is set and a value is written to the serial port, the datas bits will be written to
the serial line followed by a “set” ninth bit. If TB8 is clear the ninth bit will be “clear.”

The RB8 also operates in modes 2 and 3 and functions essentially the same way as TB8, but
on the reception side. When a byte is received in modes 2 or 3, a total of nine bits are
Create PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API PDFCROWD
 received. In this case, the first eight bits received are the data of the serial byte received and
the value of the ninth bit received will be placed in RB8.

TI means “Transmit Interrupt.” When a program writes a value to the serial port, a certain
amount of time will pass before the individual bits of the byte are “clocked out” the serial port.
If the program were to write another byte to the serial port before the first byte was
completely output, the data being sent would be garbled. Thus, the 8051 lets the program
know that it has “clocked out” the last byte by setting the TI bit. When the TI bit is set, the
program may assume that the serial port is “free” and ready to send the next byte.

Finally, the RI bit means “Receive Interrupt.” It funcions similarly to the “TI” bit, but it
indicates that a byte has been received. That is to say, whenever the 8051 has received a
complete byte it will trigger the RI bit to let the program know that it needs to read the value
quickly, before another byte is read.

Setting the Serial Port Baud Rate

Once the Serial Port Mode has been configured, as explained above, the program must
configure the serial ports baud rate. This only applies to Serial Port modes 1 and 3. The Baud
Rate is determined based on the oscillators frequency when in mode 0 and 2. In mode 0, the
baud rate is always the oscillator frequency divided by 12. This means if youre crystal is
11.059Mhz, mode 0 baud rate will always be 921,583 baud. In mode 2 the baud rate is always
the oscillator frequency divided by 64, so a 11.059Mhz crystal speed will yield a baud rate of
172,797.

Create PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API PDFCROWD
 In modes 1 and 3, the baud rate is determined by how frequently timer 1 overflows. The more
frequently timer 1 overflows, the higher the baud rate. There are many ways one can cause
timer 1 to overflow at a rate that determines a baud rate, but the most common method is to
put timer 1 in 8-bit auto-reload mode (timer mode 2) and set a reload value (TH1) that causes
Timer 1 to overflow at a frequency appropriate to generate a baud rate.

To determine the value that must be placed in TH1 to generate a given baud rate, we may use
the following equation (assuming PCON.7 is clear).

TH1 = 256 – ((Crystal / 384) / Baud)

If PCON.7 is set then the baud rate is effectively doubled, thus the equation becomes:

TH1 = 256 – ((Crystal / 192) / Baud)

For example, if we have an 11.059Mhz crystal and we want to configure the serial port to
19,200 baud we try plugging it in the first equation:

TH1 = 256 – ((Crystal / 384) / Baud)

TH1 = 256 – ((11059000 / 384) / 19200 )
TH1 = 256 – ((28,799) / 19200)
TH1 = 256 – 1.5 = 254.5

As you can see, to obtain 19,200 baud on a 11.059Mhz crystal wed have to set TH1 to 254.5.
If we set it to 254 we will have achieved 14,400 baud and if we set it to 255 we will have
achieved 28,800 baud. Thus were stuck…

Create PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API PDFCROWD
 But not quite… to achieve 19,200 baud we simply need to set PCON.7 (SMOD). When we do
this we double the baud rate and utilize the second equation mentioned above. Thus we have:

TH1 = 256 – ((Crystal / 192) / Baud)

TH1 = 256 – ((11059000 / 192) / 19200)
TH1 = 256 – ((57699) / 19200)
TH1 = 256 – 3 = 253

Here we are able to calculate a nice, even TH1 value. Therefore, to obtain 19,200 baud with an
11.059MHz crystal we must:

1. Configure Serial Port mode 1 or 3.

2. Configure Timer 1 to timer mode 2 (8-bit auto-reload).
3. Set TH1 to 253 to reflect the correct frequency for 19,200 baud.
4. Set PCON.7 (SMOD) to double the baud rate.

Writing to the Serial Port

Once the Serial Port has been propertly configured as explained above, the serial port is ready
to be used to send data and receive data. If you thought that configuring the serial port was
simple, using the serial port will be a breeze.

To write a byte to the serial port one must simply write the value to the SBUF (99h) SFR. For
example, if you wanted to send the letter “A” to the serial port, it could be accomplished as
easily as:

Create PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API PDFCROWD
 MOV SBUF,#A

Upon execution of the above instruction the 8051 will begin transmitting the character via the
serial port. Obviously transmission is not instantaneous–it takes a measureable amount of
time to transmit. And since the 8051 does not have a serial output buffer we need to be sure
that a character is completely transmitted before we try to transmit the next character.

The 8051 lets us know when it is done transmitting a character by setting the TI bit in SCON.
When this bit is set we know that the last character has been transmitted and that we may
send the next character, if any. Consider the following code segment:

CLR TI ;Be sure the bit is initially clear

MOV SBUF,#A ;Send the letter A to the serial port
JNB TI,$ ;Pause until the TI bit is set.

The above three instructions will successfully transmit a character and wait for the TI bit to be
set before continuing. The last instruction says “Jump if the TI bit is not set to $”–$, in most
assemblers, means “the same address of the current instruction.” Thus the 8051 will pause on
the JNB instruction until the TI bit is set by the 8051 upon successful transmission of the
character.

Reading the Serial Port

Reading data received by the serial port is equally easy. To read a byte from the serial port one
just needs to read the value stored in the SBUF (99h) SFR after the 8051 has automatically
set the RI flag in SCON.

Create PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API PDFCROWD
 For example, if your program wants to wait for a character to be received and subsequently
read it into the Accumulator, the following code segment may be used:

JNB RI,$ ;Wait for the 8051 to set the RI flag

MOV A,SBUF ;Read the character from the serial port

The first line of the above code segment waits for the 8051 to set the RI flag; again, the 8051
sets the RI flag automatically when it receives a character via the serial port. So as long as the
bit is not set the program repeats the “JNB” instruction continuously.

Once the RI bit is set upon character reception the above condition automatically fails and
program flow falls through to the “MOV” instruction which reads the value.

CIRCUIT Diagram

Create PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API PDFCROWD
 UART Transmission

1 #include<reg51.h>
2  

Create PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API PDFCROWD
 3 void UART_Init()
4 {
5     SCON=0X50;
6     TMOD=0X20;
7     TH1=0Xfd;//253
8     TR1=1;
9 }
10 void send_char(unsigned char ch)
11 {
12     SBUF=ch;
13     while(TI==0);// it is done transmitting a character by setting the TI
14     TI=0;
15 }
16 void send(unsigned char *str)
17 {
18     while(*str)
19     {
20         send_char(*str);
21         str++;
22     }
23 }
24 main()
25 {
26     UART_Init();
27     send("Welcome To Embedded World");
28     while(1);
29 }

UART Receive
1 #include<reg51.h>
2  
3 void UART_Init()

Create PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API PDFCROWD
 4 {
5     SCON=0X50;//8 bit 1 start
6     TMOD=0X20;//8 bit mode2
7     TH1=0Xfd;//baud rate 9600
8     TR1=1;//start timer
9 }
10  
11 unsigned char recieve()
12 {
13 unsigned char ch;
14 while(RI==0);//wait for receive
15 ch=SBUF;//save ch
16 RI=0;
17 return(ch);
18 }
19  
20  
21 main()
22 {
23 P2=0X00;
24 UART_Init();
25 while(1)
26 {
27 P2=recieve();
28 }
29 }
30      
31     

Thanks for reading this article for any assistance or doubts comment below.

Interface UART with 8051

Copy link

Create PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API PDFCROWD
 Watch on

Download Code

Create PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API PDFCROWD
 Email Address Subscribe

Share this:

 Twitter  Facebook  Pinterest  LinkedIn  Skype  Pocket  WhatsApp  Print  Telegram

Like this:

Loading...

Related

LED Interfacing with 8051 8051/8052 How to interface UART communication

March 24, 2021 March 24, 2021 using PIC MPLAB
In "8051" In "8051" April 7, 2021
In "PIC"

Tags: 8051 8052 keil microcontroller proteus uart

Create PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API PDFCROWD
  YOU MAY ALSO LIKE...

How to Interface DC motor How to Interface 16*2/16*4 How to Interface Button with
with 8051 LCD with 8051 8051
MARCH 24, 2021 MARCH 24, 2021 MARCH 24, 2021

LEAVE A REPLY

Comment

Name * Email *

Website

Create PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API PDFCROWD
 Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

Notify me of follow-up comments by email.

Notify me of new posts by email.

Post Comment

RECENT POSTS CATEGORIES  Search … Search

 How To Update The Firmware In Select Category

Microcontroller’s Using An Android

Phone

 Types of Images Image Arithmetic


MEVI HUB © 2021. All Rights Reserved.


Create PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API PDFCROWD