PANPACIFIC UNIVERSITY

URDANETA CITY, PANGASINAN

SCHOOL OF BASIC EDUCATION

A DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN SCIENCE 8

I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to:
a. enumerate and explain the three types of subatomic particles;
b. discuss and differentiate the two groups of elementary particles based on the
Standard Model; and
c. determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom.
II. SUBJECT MATTER
a. TOPIC
Subatomic Particles
b. REFERENCES
c. Science 8; Bautista, Ferdinand S. et. al.;2015; Vicarish Publication and Trading,
Inc.; pp. 248-250
d. MATERIALS
Visual aids
e. VALUES INTEGRATION
Inquisitive mind and cooperation during the teaching-learning process
f. TEACHING STRATEGY
Lecture-Discussion Method
III. PROCEDURE

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENTS’ ACTIVITY

A. ROUTINARY ACTIVITIES
a. Prayer

Let us pray first. Please lead the (One student will lead the prayer)
prayer.

b. Greetings

Good Morning, Class!!! Good Morning, Sir!!!

c. Checking of attendance
Who are absent today? None, Sir.

I am glad to hear that no one is absent

today.
B. REVIEW
Last meeting, you already discussed about
atoms and its origin. Based on your own (The students raise their hands)
understanding, what is an atom? Atom is the smallest particles that made up
matter.

Very Good!! Atoms are minute or tiny Sir, one of the famous atomic theorists is
particles of matter. Every object around us Democritus who first named atoms as
is made up of these atoms according to “atomos” which means indivisible or
atomic theorists. Who are these theorists “uncuttable”.
that contribute to the discovery of atom
 and different atomic models? Will you
give me one and mention their
contribution?

Correct!! Another one? Sir, another famous atomic theorist is John

Dalton. He is a modest English schoolmaster
who explained the properties of matter in
terms of atoms in his famous atomic theory.

Very Good!! There are many theorists that Sir, we also have Sir Joseph John Thomson
we have mentioned in our discussion. a.k.a. Sir JJ Thomson who pioneered in the
Who else can give me another theorist? discovery of electrons.

Exactly!! Class, we also have James Sir, James Chadwick was credited for the
Chadwick, a British physicist. What is his discovery of the third fundamental particle
contribution? which is the neutron.

Very Good!! How about the German Sir, Eugen Goldstein discovered the
physicist named Eugen Goldstein? subatomic particles called protons.

Correct!! Is there any question regarding

our previous lesson? None, Sir.
C. LESSON PROPER
Since you have already your background
regarding the historical perspective of (Few students raise their hands)
atoms and the different atomic theorists,
we can now move on to our new lesson Subatomic particles are particles which are
which is all about the three subatomic smaller or tinier than atoms.
particles. Before anything else, what is
your idea when you hear the word
subatomic particles?

Very Good! This afternoon, we are going Sir, the three types of subatomic particles
to discuss the three subatomic particles are electrons, protons, and neutrons.
that make up an atom. What are the types
of subatomic particles?

Exactly! These particles have different Sir, the nucleus of the atom is made up of
properties. Electrons are small, very light protons and neutrons which are collectively
particles that have a negative charge (-). known as nucleons.
Protons, on the other hand, are much
heavier and larger than electrons and have
a positive charge (+). Lastly, neutrons are
large and heavy like protons but have no
electrical charge. Each atom is made up of
the combination of these particles. The
only difference is their position. What
particles comprise the nucleus of the
atom?

Very good!! How about electrons? Where Sir, electrons are located outside the
are these particles located? nucleus. They are within the orbit that
surrounds the nucleus of an atom.
Correct! Aside from these three subatomic Sir, leptons are elementary particles that
particles, there are also elementary associate with electromagnetic force while
particles that exist in nature. Elementary quarks are elementary particles that
particles are less complex than an atom associate with strong nuclear forces.
are believed to be indivisible. Several
systems were proposed for the
classification of these particles. One
system, commonly known as Standard
Model, places all elementary particles into
two groups: leptons and quarks. What is
the difference of these two?

In our first group of elementary particles Sir, Electron neutrino has no charge and is
called leptons, these include electrons extremely difficult to notice, Muon neutrino
which remains as fundamental particle is produced when some atomic particles
with an electrical charge of (-1) and plays decay while Tau neutrino is just heavier than
an active role in chemical reactions, muon the Muon neutrino.
is similar to electron by mass and it is
principally seen as a result of a high-
energy collision in an atomic accelerator,
and the tau particles which is similar to
Muon by mass. Yet, Muon and Tau
particles are unstable and live in nature for
a very short time. Leptons also include
neutrinos which are high-energy
subatomic particles with no charge and
very small mass. These high-energy
subatomic particles are further divided
into three types: Electron neutrino, Muon
neutrino and Tau Neutrino. What is the
difference of these three neutrinos?

Exactly! We now move on to the second Sir, hadrons are elementary subatomic
group of elementary particles called particles which are made up of quarks.
quarks. Quarks are associated with strong
nuclear forces. These particles never
existed alone in nature. They always
combine with one another to produce a
particle called hadrons. What are these
hadrons?

The fundamental particles under this Sir, Up Quarks has a positive electrical
group are the Up and Down Quarks, and charge of (+ 2/3) while Down Quarks has
Charm, Strange, Top and Bottom Quarks. negative charge of (- 1/3).
What is the difference between Up and
Down Quarks?

Very Good! On the other hand, Charm None, Sir.

Quarks have the same electrical charge as
the Up Quark but has a greater mass. The
Top Quark has even greater mass than the
Charm Quark. However, Strange Quark
has the same electrical charge (- 1/3) as
the Down Quark but it is heavier while
Bottom Quark has an even greater mass
than the Strange Quark. Do you have any
questions?
Let us know discuss our last topic which
is all about the determination of number of
protons, neutrons, and electrons in an
atom. Class, please bear in your mind that
the number of protons and number of
electrons are equal to the atomic number
of an element.
For example:

26 Fe 56

The element Iron (Fe) with an atomic

number of 26 and atomic mass of 56.
Since, we said that the number of protons
and electrons is equal to the atomic
number of an element. Thus, the number
of electron of the element Fe is 26 and the
number of protons is also 26.
How about finding the number of
neutrons? We will just subtract the atomic
number of an element to its atomic mass.
In our example,
56-26 = 30
Thus, the atomic number of the element
Fe is 30.

Let’s have another example,

33 As 75

The element Arsenic with the atomic (Students raise their hands and answer on
number of 33 and Atomic mass of 75. the board)
Find the number of electrons, protons, and Number of Protons = 33
neutrons. Number of Electrons = 33
(The teacher chooses a student who will Number of Neutrons = 75 – 33 = 42
answer the problem on the board)

What if atomic mass of the element is not Sir, we will just add the Atomic number of
given, how are you going to find it? the element and its number of neutrons.

Very Good!!
Let’s have an example,
Elemen Atomic Atomic n e- p+
t Mass Number
Au 79 118 (Students raise their hands and answer on
The element Gold (Au) with atomic the board)
number of 79 and its number of neutrons Number of electrons = 79
is 118. Find the number of electrons, Number of protons = 79
protons, and atomic mass. Atomic mass = 118 + 79 = 197
(The teacher chooses a student who will
answer the problem on the board)

Very Good!!
Do you have any questions regarding our None, Sir.
topic? Any clarifications? Any violent
reactions?
 D. APPLICATION
Students will do an activity regarding the determination of the number of electrons,
neutrons and protons of an atom.
A. Complete the table by supplying the number of particles.
Element Atomic Atomic Number of Number of Number of
Mass Number Protons Electrons Neutrons
Sulfur 32 16
Potassium 19 20
Cobalt 27 32
Magnesium 24 12
Bromine 35 45
E. GENERALIZATION
(The teacher will ask some questions
regarding their topic for the day in order to
see if the students really understand it
clearly.)
What are the three types of subatomic Sir, the three types of subatomic particles
particles? are protons, neutrons and electrons.

Very Good!! How about the two groups of Sir, we have leptons and quarks.
elementary particles based on Standard
Model?

Correct!! How are we going to find the Sir, the number of proton and electron is
number of proton and electron of an element? equal to the atomic number of an element.

How about the number of neutrons? How are Sir, we will just subtract the atomic number
we going to calculate for it? of the element to its atomic mass.

What if the atomic mass is not present, how Sir, we will just add the atomic number of
are we going to calculate for it? the element and the number of neutrons.

IV. EVALUATION
A. Complete the table by supplying the number of particles.

Elements Atomic Mass Atomic Number of Number of Number of

Number Protons Electrons Neutrons
Xenon 131 77
Cerium 58 82
Tin 50 69
Zinc 65 30
Aluminum 27 14

Answer Key:
Elements Atomic Mass Atomic Number of Number of Number of
Number Protons Electrons Neutrons
Xenon 131 54 54 54 77
Cerium 140 58 58 58 82
Tin 119 50 50 50 69
Zinc 65 30 30 30 35
Aluminum 27 13 13 13 14
 B. Identify what is being asked in each item. Write your answer on the space provided
before the number.
__________1. These are elementary particles which are associated with strong
nuclear forces.
__________2. These particles are less complex than an atom and are believed to be
indivisible.
__________3. It is an elementary particle that is made up of quarks.
__________4. These particles are considered to be fundamental particles which play
a crucial role in chemical reaction and are included in the group of
leptons.
__________5. It is a type of neutrino which is produced when some atomic particles
decay.

Answer Key:
1. Quarks
2. Elementary particles
3. Hadron
4. Electrons
5. Muon Neutrino

C. Enumeration
1-3. Three Subatomic Particles
4-5. Two Groups of Elementary Particles
6-8. Types of Neutrinos
9-10. Fundamental Particles among Quarks

Answer Key:
1-3. Electrons, Protons, Neutrons
4-5. Leptons, Quarks
6-8. Electron Neutrino, Muon Neutrino, Tau Neutrino
9-10. Up and Down Quarks, Charm, Strange, Top and Bottom Quarks

V. ASSIGNMENT
Research at least 5 electronic, optical, or nuclear technologies that make use of
subatomic particles and give its importance to us and to our environment. Write it in a 1
whole sheet of paper.

Prepared by:

KING JHAMIL MAMERTO ORPIANO

Biological Science Student Teacher

Submitted to:

MS. MONICA L. RIVERA

Science Teacher, SBE