Static Engineering mechanics

Introduction

Prepared By

Asst. Lect. Mustafa Jasim

Introduction
Mechanics
is the physical science which deals with the effects of forces on objects

Divisions of engineering mechanics

• Statics
branch of Engineering Mechanics, which deals with the forces and their effects, while acting upon the bodies at rest

• Dynamics
branch of Engineering Mechanics, which deals with the forces and their effects, while acting upon the bodies

➢ Kinetics
It is the branch of Dynamics, which deals with the bodies in motion due to the application of forces.
➢ Kinematics
It is that branch of Dynamics, which deals with the bodies in motion, without any reference to the forces which are
responsible for the motion.
Quantity and Units

Quantity
It is the property which can be measured
Unit
It is a standard that represents the magnitude of the quantity

Fundamental quantity Fundamental unit

Length Metre (m)
Mass Kilogram (kg)
Time Second (s)
Force Newton (N)
Current Ampere (A)
Temperature Kelvin (k)
Amount of substance Mole
Luminous intensity Candela
Quantity and Units
Units System

• SI units : international system of units , defines length in meter (m), mass in kilogram (kg) and force in Newton (N)

• U.S. Customary : defines length in foot (f), mass in slug and force in pound (Ib)

Quantity SI U.S.
Length Meter (m) Foot (f)
Mass Kilogram (kg) Slug
Force Newton (N) Pound (Ib)
Time Second (s) Second (s)
Quantity and Units
Prefixes

When a numerical quantity is either very large or very small, the units used to define its size may be modified by using a prefix.

Exponential Prefix SI Symbol

form

20000 m = 20 km 1 000 000 000 109 Giga G

1 000 000 106 Mega M
5000000 N = 5 MN
1 000 103 Kilo K

0.001 10-3 Milli M

0.000 001 10-6 Micro μ
0.000 000 001 10-9 Nano n
Trigonometry
Trigonometric functions

In a right-angled triangle ABC as shown in Fig

𝑏
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 =
𝑐
𝑎
cos 𝜃 =
𝑐

𝑏
tan 𝜃 =
𝑎
Scalar and Vector Quantities
Scalar quantities
are those quantities which have magnitude only such
• Length
• mass
• Time
• distance
• volume
• density
• speed

Vector quantities
are those quantities which have both magnitude and direction such

• Force
P
• Displacement O
• velocity, A
• Acceleration
• momentum
Resultant force

• If a number of forces, P, Q, R ... etc. are acting simultaneously on a particle, then it is possible to find out a single force
which could replace them i.e., which would produce the same effect as produced by all the given forces.

• This single force is called resultant force and the given forces R .... are called component forces
Resultant force
Resultant of forces on the same line

• If the forces acting on a rigid body in the same direction. Their resultant R will be sum of these forces

R = F1 + F2 + F3

• If the forces acting on a rigid body in the opposite direction. Their resultant R will be subtraction of these forces

R = F1 – F2 + F3
Resultant force
EXAMPLE 1 :Three collinear horizontal forces of magnitude 200 N, 100 N and 300 N are acting on a rigid body.
Determine the resultant of the forces if all the forces are in the same direction

SOLUTION :

𝑅 = 𝐹1 + 𝐹2 + 𝐹3

𝑅 = 200 + 100 + 300

𝑅 = 600 𝑁
Resultant force
EXAMPLE 2 :Three collinear horizontal forces of magnitude 200 N, 100 N and 300 N are acting on a rigid body.
Determine the resultant of the forces if the forces 100 acts in the opposite direction

SOLUTION :
200 N
100 N
𝑅 = 𝐹1 + 𝐹3 − 𝐹2
300N
𝑅 = 200 + 300 − 100

𝑅 = 400 𝑁
Resultant force
Resultant of perpendicular forces
• If two forces acting on a same point and the angle between them is 90O. Their resultant R is :

Fy
2 2
R = 𝐹𝑥 + 𝐹𝑦
−1
𝐹𝑦
𝜃= tan
𝐹𝑥 Fx
EXAMPLE 3 :Two perpendicular forces of magnitude 400 N and 300 N and. Determine the resultant of the forces

SOLUTION : R= 500N
300 F1= 300N
𝜃= tan−1
R = 4002 + 3002 400
𝜃 = 36.8 36.8
= 250000
F2= 400N
= 500 𝑁
Resolution of a force
• The vertical and horizontal components of a force F can be determined as follows

𝐹𝑥 = 𝐹 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝐹𝑦 = 𝐹 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

EXAMPLE 3 :Determine the vertical and horizontal component of the force shown

SOLUTION : R= 500N
Fy=250 N
𝐹𝑥 = 500 𝑐𝑜𝑠30
= 433 N 30
𝐹𝑦 = 500 𝑠𝑖𝑛30 Fx = 433 N
= 250 N
Resolution of a force
EXAMPLE 4 :Determine the resultant of the three concurrent forces shown in Fig
SOLUTION : Sketch the free body diagram
y

4 F2 F1
θ= tan−1 = 53
3
60 53
x
෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 𝐹1 cos 53 − 𝐹2 cos60
F3
෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 50 cos 53 − 10 𝑐𝑜𝑠60
y

෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 25 𝑁 = 𝑅𝑥 F1 sin53
F2 sin 60

෍ 𝐹𝑦 = 𝐹1 sin 53 + 𝐹2 sin60 − 𝐹3
F2 cos 60 x
F1 cos 53
෍ 𝐹𝑦 = 50 sin 53 + 10sin60 − 60
F3
෍ 𝐹𝑦 = −11.34 𝑁 = 𝑅𝑦
Resolution of a force

𝑅𝑥 = 25 𝑁 y

𝑅𝑦 = −11.34 𝑁

2 2 25 𝑁
R = 𝑅𝑥 + 𝑅𝑦 𝛼 x

11.34 𝑁
R = 252 + (−11.34)2 𝑅
R =27.5 N

11.34
𝛼 = tan−1 = 24.4
25
Resolution of a force
EXAMPLE 4 :A car is pulled by means of two ropes as shown in fig. The tension in one rope s P= 2.6 kN . If the resultant
force applied at O is directed along x-axis of the car. Find the tension in the other rope and magnitude of the resultant
y
SOLUTION : Sketch the free body diagram
P
σ 𝐹𝑥 = 𝑅𝑥 = P cos 32+ Q cos 28
32
𝑅𝑥 = 2.6 ∗1000 ∗0.848+ Q *0.882 28 x
𝑅𝑥 = 2204.8 + 0.882 𝑄 … … . . (1)
Q
σ 𝐹𝑦 = 𝑅𝑦 = P sin 32- Q sin 28
y
𝑅𝑦 = 2.6∗1000∗0.529- Q *0.469 P sin32
𝑅𝑦 = 1375.4 - 0.469Q
Q cos 28
Since the resultant force is on x- axis (horizontal ) then 𝑅𝑦 = 0
x
P cos 32
0 = 1375.4 - 0.469Q Sub Q in eq (1) to obtain the resultant force
0.469 Q = 1375.4 𝑅𝑥 = 2204.8 + 0.882 ∗ 2932 Q sin 28
1375.4 𝑅𝑥 = 4790.8 𝑁
𝑄= = 2932 N
0.469
Thanks for Attention