Database Connectivity

Database Connectivity
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ActiveX Data Objects
j
Microsoft’s data access technologies
Set of classes that provide data access services
ADO.NET
Class Library System.Data
2
Introduction
` ADO.NET is an object-oriented set of libraries that allows you
to interact with data sources.
` Commonly, the data source is a database, but it could also be a

text file, an Excel spreadsheet, or an XML file.
3
ADO.NET Objects
Object Description
Connection Establishes a connection to a specific data source.
Command Executes a command against
g a data source. Exposes
p
Parameters and can execute within the scope of a
Transaction from a Connection.
DataReader Reads a forward-only, read-only stream of data from a data
source.
DataAdapter Populates a DataSet and resolves updates with the data
source.
DataSet DataSet objects are in-memory representations of data.
4
Data Providers
ADO.NET Data Providers are class libraries that allow a common way to interact with
specific
ifi ddata
t sources or protocols.
t l The
Th library
lib API
APIs have
h prefixes
fi th
thatt indicate
i di t which
hi h
provider they support.
Provider Name API Prefix Data Source Description

Data Sources with an ODBC interface. Normally
ODBC Data Provider Odbc
older data bases.
Data Sources
So rces that expose
e ose an OleDb interface
interface, ii.e.
e
OleDb Data Provider OleDb
Access or Excel.
Oracle Data Provider Oracle For Oracle Databases.
SQL Data
D Provider
P id S l
Sql F iinteracting
For i with
i h Mi
Microsoft
f SQL SServer.
5
Sql Data Provider
6
The SqlConnection Object
` To interact with a database, you must have a connection to it.
` The connection helps identify the database server,
server the
database name, user name, password, and other parameters
that are required for connecting to the data base.
` A connection object is used by command objects so they will
know which database to execute the command on.
SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(

SqlConnection(
"Data
Data Source=(local);Initial
Source (local);Initial Catalog=Northwind;Integrated
Catalog=
Catalog Northwind;Integrated Security
Security=SSPI"
SSPI );
7
SqlConnection - Parameter Names
ADO.NET Connection Strings contain certain key/value pairs for specifying how to
make a database connection. They include the location, name of the database, and
security credentials.
d l
Connection
String Parameter Description
Name
Identifies the server. Could be local machine, machine domain

Data Source
name or IP Address
name, Address.
Initial Catalog Database name.
Integrated Security Set to SSPI to make connection with user's Windows login
User ID Name of user configured in SQL Server.

Password Password matching SQL Server User ID.
8
The SqlCommand Object
` Command object is used to send SQL statements to the
database.
` A command object uses a connection object to figure out
which database to communicate with.
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand

SqlCommand(“SELECT
(“SELECT
CategoryName FROM Categories", conn);
conn);
9
Using SqlConnection Object
using System; // 4. Use the connection
using System.Data;
// get query results
usingg System.Data.SqlClient;
y q SqlDataReader rdr = cmd.ExecuteReader();
class SqlConnectionDemo // print the CustomerID of each record

{ while (rdr.Read())
static void Main() {
{ Console.WriteLine(rdr[0]);
// 1.
1 Instantiate
I t ti t the
th connection
ti }
SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection
SqlConnection(( }
"Data Source=(local);Initial finally
Catalog=Northwind;Integrated Security=SSPI"); "); {
// close the reader
if (rdr != null)
try {
{ rdr.Close();
// 2. Open the connection }
conn.Open();
// 5. Close the connection
// 3. Pass the connection to a command object if (conn != null)
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("
SqlCommand("select * {
from Customers", ", conn);
conn); conn.Close();
}
}
}
}
10
SqlCommand: Querying Data
// 1. Instantiate a new command with a query and connection
SqlCommand
q cmd = new SqlCommand(“SELECT
q (
CategoryName FROM Categories", conn);
// 2.
2 Call
C ll Execute
E t reader
d tot gett query results
lt
SqlDataReader rdr = cmd.ExecuteReader();
` Results some rows that you can iterate through using

rdr.Read()
rdr.Read () method
11
SqlCommand: Inserting Data
// prepare command string
string insertString = @"
INSERT INTO Categories
(CategoryName, Description)
VALUES ('Miscellaneous', 'Whatever doesn''t fit elsewhere')";
// 1. Instantiate a new command with a query and connection

SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(insertString, conn);
// 2. Call ExecuteNonQuery to send command

int affectedRows = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
` Updates the Database table and returns the number of

rows affected
12
SqlCommand: Updating Data
string updateString = @"
UPDATE Categories
SET CategoryName = 'Other'
WHERE CategoryName = 'Miscellaneous'";
// 1. Instantiate a new command with command text only

SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(updateString,
conn););

cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
Q y();
` Updates the Database table and returns the number of rows

affected
13
SqlCommand: Deleting Data
string deleteString = @"delete from Categories where CategoryName = 'Other'";
// 1. Instantiate a new command

SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
// 2. Set the CommandText property

cmd.CommandText = deleteString;
// 33. SSet the

h Connection
C i property
cmd.Connection = conn;

cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
` Updates
p the Database table and returns the number of rows affected
14
SqlCommand: Getting Single Values
// 1. Instantiate a new command
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(
SqlCommand("select
select
count(*) from Categories", conn);

int count = (int)cmd.ExecuteScalar();
15
The SqlDataReader Object
` Many data operations require that you only get a stream
of data for reading.
g
` The data reader object allows you to obtain the results of
a SELECT statement from a command object.
` F performance
For f reasons, the
h ddata returned
d ffrom a data
d
reader is a fast forward-only stream of data. This means
that you can only pull the data from the stream in a
sequential manner. Once you've read some data, you
must save it because you will not be able to go back and
read it again.
` This is good for speed, but if you need to manipulate data,
then a DataSet is a better object to work with.
16
Creating a SqlDataReader Object
Getting an instance of a SqlDataReader is a little different
than the way you instantiate other ADO.NET
objects. You must call ExecuteReader on a command
object, like this:
SqlDataReader rdr = cmd.ExecuteReader

cmd.ExecuteReader();
();
The ExecuteReader method of the SqlCommand object,

cmdd returns
t a SqlDataReader
S lD t R d instance.
i t C ti a
Creating
SqlDataReader with the new operator doesn't do
anything
y g for you.
y
17
SqlDataReader: ReadingData
The typical method of reading from the data stream returned by
the SqlDataReader is to iterate through each row with a while
loop.
loop
SqlDataReader rdr = cmd.ExecuteReader();
while (rdr.Read()) { // get the results of each column
string contact = (string)rdr["ContactName"];
string company = (string)rdr["CompanyName"];
string
i city
i = ((string)rdr["City"];
i ) d ["Ci "]
// print out the results
Response.Write(contact + " " + city + " " + company);
}
You can also access table column by their subscript as:
string
i contact = (string)rdr[0];
( i ) d [0] and d so on…
18
SqlDataReader : Finishing Up
try
{
// data access code
}
finally
{
// close the reader
if (rdr != null)
{
rdr Close();
rdr.Close();
}
// close the connection too
}
19
The End.
20

Database Connectivity - ASP - Net Lecture 6

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Database Connectivity - ASP - Net Lecture 6

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` Commonly, the data source is a database, but it could also be a

Provider Name API Prefix Data Source Description

SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(

Identifies the server. Could be local machine, machine domain

Initial Catalog Database name.

User ID Name of user configured in SQL Server.

SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand

class SqlConnectionDemo // print the CustomerID of each record

` Results some rows that you can iterate through using

// 1. Instantiate a new command with a query and connection

// 2. Call ExecuteNonQuery to send command

` Updates the Database table and returns the number of

// 1. Instantiate a new command with command text only

// 2. Call ExecuteNonQuery to send command

` Updates the Database table and returns the number of rows

// 1. Instantiate a new command

// 2. Set the CommandText property

// 33. SSet the

// 44. Call ExecuteNonQuery to send command

// 2. Call ExecuteNonQuery to send command

SqlDataReader rdr = cmd.ExecuteReader

The ExecuteReader method of the SqlCommand object,

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