Introduction to Statistical Theory

 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ, s):

1) Half the observations are always larger than the
a) Mean
b) Total
c) Median
d) Mode
2) The value that occurs most often a set of data is called the
a) Mean
b) Mode
c) Geometric mean
d) Harmonic mean
3) In case of an open-end class,
a) A median cannot be computed.
b) The arithmetic mean and the median will Always be exactly equal.
c) A mean cannot computed.
d) The distribution is always positively skewed.
4) Which of the following is a true statement about the median?
a) It is always one of the data values.
b) It is influenced by extreme values.
c) Fifty percent of the observations are larger than the median.
d) It is the middle value of the data values.
5) Which of the following is not a characteristic of the arithmetic mean?
a) It is influenced by extreme values.
b) The sum of the observations from the mean is zero.
c) Fifty percent of the observations are larger than the mean.
d) The sum of the squared directions from mean is always minimum.
6) Find the mean of the following sample of distances of stars from the earth:
18.2, 56.9, 24.6, 13.5
a) 𝑿= 28.30 b) 𝑋= 43.40 c) µ = 28.30 d) µ = 43.40
7) In a positively skewed distribution, the mean is always
a) Smaller than the median
b) Larger than the median
b) Equal to the median
d) Equal to the mode
8) The median is larger than the arithmetic mean when
a) The distribution is positively skewed.
b) The distribution is negatively skewed.
c) The data is organized into a frequency distribution.
d) The distribution is symmetrical.
9) The geometric mean of the numbers 2, 4 and 8 is
a) 3.67 b) 4 c) 3.43 d) 5
10) Which of the following statement is not true for Harmonic Mean?
a) Harmonic mean is smaller than the mean.
b) It is based on all the values.
c) It is an appropriate type for averaging rates and ratios.
d) It gives equal weightage to all the values.
11) The main disadvantage of the range is that
a) It does not use all the observations in its calculation.
b) It can be influenced by an extreme value.
c) Both a and b are correct.
d) None of the above.
12) Which one of the following is not a measure of dispersion?
a) Range.
b) Standard deviation
c) Second quartile.
d) Coefficient of variation.
13) Which of the following is not a measure of dispersion?
a) Interquartile range.
b) Difference between the values of the largest and smallest items
c) Mean of the values of the largest and smallest items.
d) Standard deviation.
14) The standard deviation is
a) The square of the variance.
b) Two times the standard deviation.
c) Half the variance.
d) The square root of the variance.
15) The coefficient of variation is measured in
a) The same units as the mean and the standard deviation.
b) Percent. ·
c) Squared units.
d) None of the above.
16) If the original units are measured in pounds, the variance is
a) Also measured in pounds.
b) Measured in pounds squared.
c) Measured in half pounds.
d) None of the above.
17) If the tail of a frequency distribution is in positive direction (to the right), the
Coefficient of skewness is '
a) Zero.
b) Positive.
c) Negative
d) None of the above.
18)A simple event is
a) a collection of exactly two outcomes.
b) does not include any outcome.
c) includes one and only one outcome.
d) includes more than one events.
19) A compound event includes
a) at least four outcomes
b) one and only one outcome
c) at least two outcomes
d) all the outcomes of an experiment
20) The probability of an event is always
a) greater than zero
b) less than 1
c) in the range zero to 1
d) greater than I
21) The classical probability method is applied to an experiment that
a) cannot be repeated.
b) has equally likely outcomes.
c) has all independent outcomes.
d) does not have more than two outcomes.
22) The relative frequency method is applied to an experiment that
a) does not have equally likely outcomes but can be repeated.
b) does not have equally likely Outcomes and cannot be repeated.
c) has equally likely outcomes and cannot be repeated.
d) has all independent outcomes.
23) Which of the following values cannot be the probability of an event?
a) .82
b) 0
c) 1.76
d) 0.36
24) In a group of 400 families, 300 own houses. If one family is randomly selected
families group, the probability that this family owns a house is:
a) .75
b) .25
c) .80
d) .40
25) Two mutually exclusive events:
a) always occur together.
b) cannot occur together.
c) can sometimes occur together.
d) can never occur together.
26) The two points A and B are mutually exclusive. Which one of the following
Statement be true?
a) P(A∩B) = 0.
b) P(A∩B) = l.
c) P(A∪B) = 0.
d) P(A∪B) = I.
27) P(A) a 0.6 and P(B) = 0.5 Which of the following statements is true?
a) A and B are mutually exclusive.
b) A and Bare not mutually exclusive.
c) A and B are independent.
d) A and B are dependent.
28) The conditional probability of event A given that the event B has already occurred
is written as:
a) P(A∪B).
b) P(B/A)
c) P(A∩B)
d) P(A/B)
29) Two complementary events:
a) have no common outcomes
b) have common outcomes
c) contain the same outcomes
d) can have common outcomes.
30) The union of two events A and B is written as:
a) (A or B)
b) {A and B)
c) {B/A)
d) (A/B)
31) The intersection of two events is A and B is written as:
a) (A or B)
b) (A and B)
c) (AB)
d) (A/B)
32) The joint probability of two independent events A and B is:
a) P(A) + P(B)
b) P(A) + P(B) - P(A∩B)
c) P(A)P(B)
d) P(A)P(A/B)
33) A random variable is also known as a
a) Chance variable.
b) Stochastic variable.
c) Variate.
d) All of above.
34) The distribution function of a random variable X, denoted by F(x) is defined as
a) F(x) = P (X≤ x)
b) F(x) = P (X≥ x)
c) F(x) = P (X= x)
d) None of above.
35) A discrete probability distribution may be represented by
a) A table.
b) A mathematical function.
c) A histogram.
d) All of above.
36) A continuous probability distribution is not represented by
a) A Table.
b) A mathematical function.
c) A graph.
d) A density function.
37) If X and Yare two independent random variables, then Var (X - Y) is equal to
a) Var(X)- Var(Y)
b) Var(X) + Var(Y)
c) Var(X) + Var(Y) - 2 COV (X. Y)
d) None of above
38) If X is a random variable and a and b are constants, then Var(aX +b) is equal to
a) a2 Var(X)
b) Var(aX)
c) a2 Var(X) + Var(b)
d) a Var(X)
39) If X and Yare two random variables, then E (X + Y) is equal to:
a) E(X) + E(Y)
b) F(X) + y
c) E (X) - E(Y)
d) None of above
40) Which of the following is not a property of a binomial experiment?
a) The successive trials are all independent
b) The experiment is repeated a fixed number of times say n.
c) The probability of success, denoted by p, remains constant for all trials.
d) There are three or more possible outcomes for each trial.
41) The standard deviation of the binomial distribution is:
a) √pq
b) √npq
c) npq
d) pq
42) For a binomial distribution, the mean and variance are related by:
a) μ < σ2
b) μ = σ2
c) μ>σ2
d) μ< √σ2
43) For a Poisson distribution, the mean and variance are related by:
a) μ = σ2
b) μ < σ2
c) μ > σ2
d) None of above
44) A binomial distribution may be approximated by a Poisson distribution when
a) n is large and p is small
b) n is small and p is large
c) n is small and p is small
d) n is large and p is large
45) Which of the following is not a property of a hypergeometric experiment?
a) The probability of success changes on each trial.
b) The successive trials are independent
c) The experiment is repeated a fixed number of times.
d) The outcomes or each trial may be classified into one of two categories, success and fail