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Java Overriding

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Raj Kumar Ahmed
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71 views3 pages

Java Overriding

Uploaded by

Raj Kumar Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1/9/2019 Java Overriding

JAVA - OVERRIDING
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In the previous chapter, we talked about superclasses and subclasses. If a class inherits a method from its
superclass, then there is a chance to override the method provided that it is not marked final.

The benefit of overriding is: ability to define a behavior that's specific to the subclass type, which means a
subclass can implement a parent class method based on its requirement.

In object-oriented terms, overriding means to override the functionality of an existing method.

Example

Let us look at an example.

Live Demo
class Animal {
public void move() {
System.out.println("Animals can move");
}
}

class Dog extends Animal {


public void move() {
System.out.println("Dogs can walk and run");
}
}

public class TestDog {

public static void main(String args[]) {


Animal a = new Animal(); // Animal reference and object
Animal b = new Dog(); // Animal reference but Dog object

a.move(); // runs the method in Animal class


b.move(); // runs the method in Dog class
}
}

This will produce the following result −

Output

Animals can move


Dogs can walk and run

In the above example, you can see that even though b is a type of Animal it runs the move method in the Dog
class. The reason for this is: In compile time, the check is made on the reference type. However, in the
runtime, JVM figures out the object type and would run the method that belongs to that particular object.

Therefore, in the above example, the program will compile properly since Animal class has the method move.
Then, at the runtime, it runs the method specific for that object.

Consider the following example −

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1/9/2019 Java Overriding

Example

Live Demo
class Animal {
public void move() {
System.out.println("Animals can move");
}
}

class Dog extends Animal {


public void move() {
System.out.println("Dogs can walk and run");
}
public void bark() {
System.out.println("Dogs can bark");
}
}

public class TestDog {

public static void main(String args[]) {


Animal a = new Animal(); // Animal reference and object
Animal b = new Dog(); // Animal reference but Dog object

a.move(); // runs the method in Animal class


b.move(); // runs the method in Dog class
b.bark();
}
}

This will produce the following result −

Output

TestDog.java:26: error: cannot find symbol


b.bark();
^
symbol: method bark()
location: variable b of type Animal
1 error

This program will throw a compile time error since b's reference type Animal doesn't have a method by the
name of bark.

Rules for Method Overriding
The argument list should be exactly the same as that of the overridden method.

The return type should be the same or a subtype of the return type declared in the original overridden
method in the superclass.

The access level cannot be more restrictive than the overridden method's access level. For example: If
the superclass method is declared public then the overridding method in the sub class cannot be either
private or protected.

Instance methods can be overridden only if they are inherited by the subclass.

A method declared final cannot be overridden.

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1/9/2019 Java Overriding

A method declared static cannot be overridden but can be re-declared.

If a method cannot be inherited, then it cannot be overridden.

A subclass within the same package as the instance's superclass can override any superclass method
that is not declared private or final.

A subclass in a different package can only override the non-final methods declared public or protected.

An overriding method can throw any uncheck exceptions, regardless of whether the overridden method
throws exceptions or not. However, the overriding method should not throw checked exceptions that
are new or broader than the ones declared by the overridden method. The overriding method can throw
narrower or fewer exceptions than the overridden method.

Constructors cannot be overridden.

Using the super Keyword
When invoking a superclass version of an overridden method the super keyword is used.

Example

Live Demo
class Animal {
public void move() {
System.out.println("Animals can move");
}
}

class Dog extends Animal {


public void move() {
super.move(); // invokes the super class method
System.out.println("Dogs can walk and run");
}
}

public class TestDog {

public static void main(String args[]) {


Animal b = new Dog(); // Animal reference but Dog object
b.move(); // runs the method in Dog class
}
}

This will produce the following result −

Output

Animals can move


Dogs can walk and run

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