Elementary Robotics

Elementary Robotics
M.R.M. Haroon
B.Tech(Hons)(Eng)(OUSL) | AMIE (SL)
What is
Mechatronics?
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▪ The word mechatronics was invented by the Japanese
engineer Ko Kikuchi in 1969.
▪ It is a combination of the terms 'mechanical' ("mecha" for

mechanisms, i.e., machines that 'move') and 'electronics’.
mechanical systems in a single device.
▪ The word reflects the basic nature of this field, to integrate

electrical and mechanical systems in a single device.

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The Importance of Mechatronics
▪ It brings more efficiency. Mechatronics adds intelligence to design of the system, by
which efficiency of the system improves.
▪ It reduces cost. Mechanical solutions are expensive when compared to mechatronics
solutions, which lowers cost.
▪ A mechatronic solution improves design time, product size and reliability. It is also
more user-friendly and safer to use.
▪ Mechatronic uses microcontroller, by which precision, position, speed, flow rate, and
variables can be controlled.
▪ Using mechatronic solution increases reliability. Mechanical designs get damaged over
time whereas mechatronic design is more reliable. An example is the odometer
present in the cars.

Applications of Mechatronics
▪ Smart consumer products:
Home security, camera, microwave oven, toaster, dish washer, laundry washer-
dryer, climate control units, etc.
▪ Automotive:
Climate control, antilock brake, active suspension, cruise control, air bags, engine
management, safety, etc.
▪ Manufacturing:
Robotics, machines, processes, etc.
▪ Medical:
Implant-devices, assisted surgery, haptic, etc.

What is Control
System?
A Control System is a system in

which the output is controlled
by varying the input.

Water Heaters - Control

Types of Control System
These are majorly classified on the basis of whether the output is involved in controlling
action or not.
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What is a
Robot ?
▪ An electromechanical device
with multiple degrees-of-
freedom (DOF) that is
programmable to
accomplish a variety of tasks.

Robot - Definitions
A reprogrammable, multifunctional, manipulator designed to move materials,

parts, tools, or specialized devices through various programmed motions for the
performance of a variety of tasks (RIA 1970)
An automatic device that performs functions normally ascribed to humans or a

machine in the form of a human (Webster 1993)

Industrial Robot
An industrial robot is a
programmable, multi-
functional manipulator
designed to move materials,
parts, tools, or special devices
through variable programmed
motions for the performance
of a variety of tasks”
(Robotics Industries
Association)

Types of Robots
▪ Manipulators (Robotic Arms)

▪ Mobile Robots
▪ Small Scale Robots
▪ Nano Robots (Molecular Robots)
▪ Parallel Robot Manipulators
▪ Anthropomorphic Robots
▪ Soft Robots

▪ Manipulators (Robotic Arms)
o Robotic arms are similar to that of human arms

o Consist of links and joints
o Robotic arms constitutes the major potion in industrial robots and come with
various shapes and sizes

▪ Mobile Robots
o Robots that have the ability of ground motion

o These include all autonomous machines capable of ground locomotion
o Locomotion can be accomplished by, wheeling, walking, rolling, crawling,
hopping, sliding or hovering
o Robots are designed in variety of sizes ranging from truck sized to miniature
o Applications in the industry is of wide ranging from cargo carrying to search and
rescue operations etc.,

▪ Small Scale Robots
o Note that most of the industrial robots are based on imitation of a human arm,
whereas small scale robots gets its inspiration from small animals such as insects.
o These robots can act individually as well as work in a team to accomplish a given
task.

▪ Nano Robots (Molecular Robots)
o Robots that are on the molecular level, only made possible with the invention
of the scanning probe microscope and in the advancement of solid state
fabrication technology.
o These robots have wide variety of application particularly in the medical and
defense fields.
o Robots are usually rely on piezo-electric motors and biological sensors to
operate.

▪ Parallel Robot Manipulators
o Consists of a platform that connects to a base by means of three or more

separate joint links.
o The motion of the platform is achieved by the combined motion of its links.
o These types of robots are often referred to as ‘Stewart Platforms’
o Used in motion simulation for earth quake research, air-craft simulation for
pilot training etc.,
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▪ Anthropomorphic Robots
o Human like robots

o Commonly referred to as ‘humanoid’ or ‘android’ robots
o Control of these types of robots are extremely complex and tedious, and is still
in its infancy
o At present these types of robot are used only for entertainment
o Some robots are made to imitate animals such as dogs and other form of pets.
o However, as research progresses, these types of robots may be used for more
important and complex tasks such as, medical care, household assistance, etc.,

▪ Soft Robots
Concern with non rigid robots constructed with soft and deformable materials
(Silicone, plastic, fabric, rubber, compliant mechanical parts like springs and
elastomeric matrices with embedded flexible materials

THANK YOU!
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Elementary Robotics - Lecture Note

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Elementary Robotics - Lecture Note

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▪ It is a combination of the terms 'mechanical' ("mecha" for

▪ The word reflects the basic nature of this field, to integrate

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A Control System is a system in

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A reprogrammable, multifunctional, manipulator designed to move materials,

An automatic device that performs functions normally ascribed to humans or a

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▪ Manipulators (Robotic Arms)

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o Robotic arms are similar to that of human arms

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o Robots that have the ability of ground motion

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o Consists of a platform that connects to a base by means of three or more

o Human like robots

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