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Assignment 1

This document contains an assignment for a differential equations course. It includes 7 problems covering various techniques for solving ordinary differential equations (ODEs), including using variable separable methods, finding general solutions, solving exact and inexact ODEs, and solving specific ODEs that model phenomena like tumor growth. The problems cover skills like determining if an ODE is exact, finding an appropriate integrating factor, and obtaining the general solution to a given ODE.

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Saksham Tiwari
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262 views

Assignment 1

This document contains an assignment for a differential equations course. It includes 7 problems covering various techniques for solving ordinary differential equations (ODEs), including using variable separable methods, finding general solutions, solving exact and inexact ODEs, and solving specific ODEs that model phenomena like tumor growth. The problems cover skills like determining if an ODE is exact, finding an appropriate integrating factor, and obtaining the general solution to a given ODE.

Uploaded by

Saksham Tiwari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Department of Mathematics, IIT Madras

MA2020, Differential Equations


Assignment-1, 2021

1. Use variables separable method to solve the following problems:


(a) y + x 2 + y 2 dx − x dy = 0, y(1) = 0. Ans: y + x 2 + y 2 = x 2 .
p  p

(b) y 0 = y/x + sin(y/x).  Ans: y = 2x tan−1 (cx).


(c) 2ye x/y dx + y − 2xe x/y dy = 0. Ans: 2e x/y + ln y = C.
(d) xey/x − y sin(y/x) dx + x sin(y/x) dy =

 0.
Ans: 2 ln x − e −y/x sin(y/x) + cos(y/x) = C.
dy x + 2y − 3
(e) = . Ans: (x + y − 2) = C(x − y)3 .
dx 2x + y − 3
dy y+2
= Ans: x − 1 = (y + 2) log (y + 2) + C .

(f) .
dx x + y + 1
dy 4x − 6y − 1
(g) = . Ans: 24x − 12y + 15 log |8x − 12y − 7| = C.
dx 2x − 3y + 2
dy 2x + 3y + 4
(h) = . Ans: 14(2x + 3y) − 9 log |14x + 21y + 22| = 49x + C.
dx 4x + 6y + 5
2. Find the general solution to each of the following ODEs:
(a) xy 0 + y = x 3 . Ans: 4xy = x 4 + C.
2 2
(b) y 0 + 2xy = e −y . Ans: x = e −y (y + C).
(c) xy 0 + y = y 2 log
 x. Ans: y log x + y + Cxy = 1.
(d) y = y +e
0 −x tan x. Ans: 2y = C sec x − e −x (tan x + 1).
(1 − x )y = 2(1 + x)y + y 5/2 .
3 0 Ans: y −3/2 = (1 + x + x 2 )−1 C(1 − x)2 − 3/4 .

(e)
3. The number of cells growing within a tumor is governed by the Gompertz equation
y 0 − ay log(b/y) = 0, where a > 0, b > 0 are constants. Obtain y(x) explicitly.
Ans: y = b exp Ce −ax


4. Consider the following generalization of Bernoulli’s equation:


∫
dy dy
+ p(x) h(y) = f (x) д(y), where h(y) = д(y) .
dx д(y)

Assume that the functions p, f , д, h are continuous on R. If the ODE is not exact, then
find an integrating factor. Show that the general solution of the ODE is given by
∫  ∫ dy ∫ ∫ 
exp p(x) dx − f (x) exp p(x) dx dx = C.
д(y)

Hint: Write u(y) = h(y)/д(y).

1
5. Solve the following ODEs:
y 0 − (1 + x)−1 tan y = (1 + x)e x sec y. Ans: sin y = (1 + x) C + e x .

(a)
(b) tan y y 0 + tan x = cos y cos2 x. Ans: sec y sec x = sin x + C.
(c) xy 0 + y log y = y(log y)2 . Ans: (x log y)−1 = x −1 + C.
√  √ 2
(d) y 0 = y x + xy . Ans: x = y C + log y .
6. Check whether the following ODEs are exact, and then solve:
(a) 2xy dx + (x 2 + y 2 ) dy = 0. Ans: 3x 3y + y 3 = C.
(b) cos y dx − (x sin y − y 2 ) dy = 0. Ans: y 3 + 3x cos y = C.
(c) (3x 2y + 8xy 2 ) dx + (x 3 + 8x 2y + 12y 2 ) dy = 0. Ans: x 3y + 4x 2y 2 + 4y 3 = C.
7. Check whether the following ODEs are exact. If not, find an integrating factor and then
solve:
(a) (x 2 + y 2 + x) dx + xy dy = 0. Ans: µ = x, 3x 4 + 4x 3 + 6x 2y 2 = C.
(b) y(2x + y 3 ) dx = x(2x − y 3) dy. Ans: µ = y −3, x 2 + xy 3 = Cy 2 .
(c) e x (x + 1) dx + yey − xe x dy = 0. Ans: µ = e −y , 2xe x−y + y 2 = C.
(d) (y 2 − 3xy − 2x 2 ) dx + (xy − x 2 ) dy = 0. Ans: µ = 2x, x 2y 2 − 2x 3y − x 4 = C.

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