Module 2 (Week 2) in C - GEC 4: Mathematics in The Modern World

COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND
COMPUTING LIBRARY SCIENCE

C- CGE4 – MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD
First Semester | AY 2020-2021
Module 2 (Week 2) in C – GEC 4:

MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD
First Semester AY 2020-2021
Faculty: Grace D. Tiqui Prepared by: Carina S. Dizon 1|Page

A. Module Number /Title : Module 2: Nature of Mathematics: Study of Patterns

B. Time Frame : Three (3) hours
C. Materials : Syllabus, textbook, references, online resources
I. Overview
This module aims to introduce and appreciate the nature of mathematics as an exploration of
patterns. It begins by reflecting on what mathematics really is. Where is mathematics? What role does
mathematics play in our world? These are questions that we want to have answers for us to regain our
interest in the subject matter. In the later part of this module, we will be looking at patterns and
regularities in the world and how mathematics comes into play, both in nature and in human
endeavors.
II. Desired Learning Outcomes

At the end of this module, the learner should be able to:
(1) Identify patterns in nature and regularities in the world;

(2) Articulate the importance of Mathematics in one’s life;
(3) Argue about the nature of Mathematics, what it is, how it is expressed, represented, used and
on how it organizes patterns and regularities in the world;
(4) Express appreciation for Mathematics as a human endeavor: and
(5) Express concisely the overall assessment of your learning and performance of tasks covered in
this Module by accomplishing the Evaluation section.
III. Content / Discussion / Learning Resources / Links
Lesson 1.1: Nature of Mathematics
What is Mathematics?
Mathematics is defined as the study of numbers and arithmetic operations. Others describe
mathematics as a set of tools or a collection of skills that can be applied to questions of “how many” or “how
much.” Still, others view it is a science which involves logical reasoning, drawing conclusions from assumed
premises, and strategic reasoning based on accepted rules, laws, or probabilities. Mathematics is also
considered an art which studies patterns for predictive purposes or a specialized language which deals
with form, size, and quantity.
Ian Stewart (1995) explains in his book Nature’s Numbers that mathematics is a systematic way of
digging out the rules and structures that lie behind some observed pattern or regularity, and using these
rules and structures to explain what is going on. Now, think of one of the most loved animation characters
Dora the Explorer. When Dora gets lost in the jungle, what does she need? A map. Thanks to Rene
Descartes, who made the Cartesian map for without it, Dora will never find her way.

Mathematics is everywhere because it finds many practical applications in daily life. God, the
Mathematician Architect, designs everything in this universe to follow rules or formulas. Whether following
regular or irregular patterns, His creation benefits humankind, His greatest masterpiece. As Johannes
Kepler wrote, “Those laws [of nature] are within the grasp of the human mind; God wanted us to recognize
them by creating us after his own image so that we could share in his own thoughts” (Stewart, 2010).
Whatever point of view is taken, there is no denying the fact that mathematics is universal. People
from around the world use math to get things done. It helps them perform daily tasks as well as make
important decisions like buying wisely, choosing the most appropriate insurance plan, or even betting on
an outcome with the highest chance of actually occurring. The same mathematical concepts and language
are applied regardless of whether the users are Asians, Americans, Africans, or Europeans.
We look at mathematics as a useful way to think about the nature and the world in general; thus,
patterns and numbers that are useful in this world will be dealt with—to think about the Fibonacci
sequence and other arrays of numbers in order to predict and control the behavior of nature and
phenomena in this world. In the long run, we think about the numerous applications of mathematics as aids
in decision-making.
In our modern world, the usefulness of mathematics is inevitable. Mathematics is used in different
fields to calculate effectively the results of different activities, predict the behavior of a variable when the
other variables are known, identify fully well the requirements of a particular dosage of medicine to cure a
certain illness verify whether a specific solution is applicable to general set - ups ascertain the chronology
of events in the past identify patterns of situations; and many more.
Despite all these scientific achievements, many “millennials” are hesitant in taking science courses
partly because they feel anxious of anything intimately connected with mathematics. The interests of
millennials in gadgets, games, and technologies that appeal to their senses have also interfered with the
study of mathematics and the sciences. Unknowingly however, these technologies employ mathematics:
from the transactions of purchasing new gadgets, to the instructions one places on the newly bought device
which operate based on mathematical logic.

Activity# 1: Now that you had gone through the NATURE OF MATHEMATICS, you are now ready to
do the following:
Submit the Word output following this format:

Name _________________________________________________ Date: ____________________
Course& Yr. & Section: ______________________________ SCORE: ________________
Activity #1 : NATURE OF MATHEMATICS
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.
1. How useful is mathematics to you as a student and to your chosen career?
2. Find practical applications of Mathematics in your daily life.
3. Looking at the things that surrounds you, take 10 pictures that signifies Mathematics. Do you see a
number? Explain. Paste and table them as shown below.
PICTURES TAKEN NUMBER /S FOUND EXPLANATION
4. Cite 5 particular events, relevant scenarios, or situation in your life that are found in the environment
wherein Mathematics is present.
SITUATION NUMBER /S FOUND EXPLANATION
Send output on or before ________________ in our google classroom or to: carina.dizon@ua.edu.ph

Lesson 1. 2: A Study of Patterns
In this section, attention will be focused on mathematics as a study of patterns. In examining the
development of mathematics from a historical perspective, it can be seen that much has been directed
towards describing patterns of relationship that are of interest to various individuals. Patterns arouse
curiosity because they can be directly related to common human experiences.
What are Patterns?
 Patterns are regular, series or sequence that repeats. , or recurring forms or designs. The itsy-bitsy
spider climbed the water spout, and then did the same thing again after the weather cleared up. You
can observe patterns - things like colors, shapes, actions, or other sequences that repeat -
everywhere. Think about words or melodies in songs, lines and curves on buildings, or even in the
grocery store where boxes and jars of various items are lined up. But, one of the most common
places to find patterns is in math. Math patterns are sequences that repeat according to a rule or
rules. In math, a rule is a set way to calculate or solve a problem.
 Patterns are arrangement which helps observers anticipate what they might see or what happens
next. A pattern also shows what may have come before. A pattern organizes information so that it
becomes more useful. The human mind is programmed to make sense of data or to bring order
where there is disorder. It seeks to discover relationships and connections between seemingly
unrelated bits of information. In doing so, it sees patterns.
Here are examples of pattern-seeking behavior of humans from childhood to adulthood:
 A toddler separates blue blocks from red blocks.
 A kindergarten student learns to count.
 A first grader does skip counting.
 A third grader notices that multiples of two are even numbers.
 A sixth grader creates patterns that cover a plane.
 A junior high school student learns that a function is essentially a pattern of how one
number is transformed to another.
 A college biology undergraduate studies the sequence of DNA and proteins.
 A stock trader studies trends in the stock market.
 A weatherman makes weather forecasts based on atmospheric patterns.
 A doctor decides who is healthy and who is not by recognizing certain health patterns.
 Patterns are studied because they are everywhere; people just need to learn to notice them.

 Patterns are also commonly observed in natural objects, such as the six-fold symmetry of snowflakes,
the hexagonal structure and formation of honeycombs, the tiger’s stripes and hyena's spots, the
number of seeds in a sunflower, the spiral of snail's shell, and the number of petals of flowers.
Humans are hard wired to recognize patterns and by studying them, we ddiscovered the underlying
mathematical principles behind nature’s designs.
Importance of Understanding Mathematical Patterns
 Mathematics is the study of patterns. That is one reason why those who use patterns to analyze and
solve problems often find success compared with those who cannot. Understanding new concepts
can also be done in the same way. After all, many results in mathematics come about as
generalizations of patterns in numbers and shapes.
 Patterns allow someone to make educated guesses. Much science is based on making a hypothesis
and hypotheses are often based on understanding patterns. Understanding patterns aid in
developing mental skills. To recognize patterns, one need to understand critical thinking and logic,
and these are clearly important skills to develop.
 Understanding patterns provide a clear basis for problem solving skills. In a way, this is related to
critical thinking but more directed towards mathematics specifically. Patterns essentially provide a
means of recognizing the broader aspects that can be stored down to arrive at the specific answer to
a problem.
 Those who recognize, generalize, and use patterns around them are better at solving problems, have
deeper appreciation of the uses of mathematics, and are better equipped to work with mathematics
than those who do not.
 Studying patterns allows one to observe, hypothesize, discover, and create. Today's mathematics is
much more than algebra and geometry. The way of doing it has evolved from just performing
calculations or deductions into observing patterns, testing conjectures, and estimating results.
Mathematics has become a diverse discipline that deals with data, measurements, and observations
from science and works with models of natural phenomena, human behavior, and social systems. It
reveals patterns that help individuals better understand the world and predict what comes next,
imagine what came before, and estimate if the same pattern will occur when variables are changed.
Below are examples of various patterns:
1. Logic Patterns.
 Logic patterns are usually the first to be observed. Classifying things, for example, comes
before numeration. Being able to tell which things are blocks and which are not precedes
learning to count blocks. One kind of logic pattern deals with the characteristics of various
objects while another deals with order. These patterns are seen on aptitude tests and abstract
reasoning tests in which takers are shown a sequence of pictures and asked to select which
figure comes next among several choices.
For Example: Here you are presented with several images in a row. It is your job to comprehend the
pattern and find the missing image.
2. Number Patterns.
 Another class of patterns is the patterns of numbers. Number pattern is a pattern or sequence in
a series of numbers that generally establishes a common relationship between all numbers and
follow a certain rule. Number patterns, such as 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, are familiar to students since they
are among the first patterns encountered in school. Mathematics is especially useful when it
helps predict events. “What will the 10th number of a certain pattern be?” “How many cookies
would be needed if the party was for the school instead of just for the class?” Moving on into the
higher grades, students again encounter number patterns through the concept of functions,
which is a formal description of the relationships among different quantities.
A. Examples of Number Patterns
a) 1, 3, 5, 7, 9,... is an arithmetic sequence as 2 is added each time to find the next term of the
pattern
b) 1, 2, 4, 8,... is a geometric sequence as 2 is multiplied each time to find the next term of the
pattern.
c) 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13,... is a Fibonacci sequence that starts from 1 and 0 and where the next
number of the pattern is formed by adding the two previous numbers.
B. Examples : Find the 3 last terms of the sequence given
0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, ________, _________, _________
11, 17, 23, 29, 35, 41, 47, 53 , ________, _________, _________
18, 15, 12, 9, 6, 3, ________, _________, _________
0, 1, 4, 9, 16, ________, _________, _________

0, 1, 8, 27, ________, _________, _________
3. Geometric Patterns.
 A geometric pattern is a motif or design that depicts abstract non-representational geometric

figures/shapes such as lines, circles, ellipses, triangles, rectangles, and polygons and that are
typically arranged in a repeated fashion.. Visual patterns are observed in nature and in art. In art,
patterns present objects in a consistent, regular manner. They appear in paintings, drawings,
tapestries, wallpapers, tilings, and carpets. A pattern does not need to repeat exactly as long as it
provides a way of “organizing” the artwork. These geometric patterns are very helpful for every
graphic designers. Patterns in nature are often more chaotic. Nature provides many examples of
patterns, including symmetries, spirals, tilings, stripes, and fractional dimensions.
 Geometric patterns are found in many places, including art and architecture, and they tend to be
symmetrical. Geometric patterns can be seen on many man-made structures, including buildings
and bridges. They often represent some aspect of the culture where the structure is located, such
as the history and background of the civilization and its accomplishments.
Examples of Geometric Patterns.
 Nature - The most important example of geometry in everyday life is formed by the nature
surrounding humans. If one looks closely, one might find different geometrical shapes and patterns in
leaves, flowers, stems, roots, bark, and the list goes on. The organization of the human digestive system
as a tube within a tube also ascertains the role of geometry. The leaves on the trees are of varying
shapes, sizes, and symmetries. Different fruits and vegetables have different geometrical shapes; take
the example of orange, it is a sphere and after peeling it, one might notice how the individual slices
form the perfect sphere.

 Looking closely at a honeycomb, one will see hexagonal patterns arranged tandemly. Similarly,
examining a snowflake under a microscope will enable the examiner to be the guest of beautiful
geometrical patterns.
 The next interesting example of the role of geometry in nature is formed by the pattern popularly
known as “Six-Around-One.” The flowers exhibit the “six-around-one” patterns, also called “Closest
Packing of Circles,” “Hexagonal Packaging,” and “Tessellating Hexagons.”

 Technology -
 The most common example of geometry in everyday life is technology. Be it robotics or computers or
video games, geometry is applied to almost all the underlying concepts. The computer programmers
are able to work because the concepts of geometry are always at their disposal. The virtual world of
video games is created only because the geometric computations help in designing of the complex
graphics of the video games. Raycasting, the process of shooting, employs a 2-D map for stimulating
the 3-D world of the video games. Raycasting helps in increasing processing as the calculations are
carried out for the vertical lines on the screen
 Homes
 Geometry does not leave even a single chance to play a significant in homes as well. The windows,
doors, beds, chairs, tables, TV, mats, rugs, cushions, etc. have different shapes. Moreover, bed sheets,
quilts, covers, mats, and carpets have different geometric patterns on them. Geometry is also
important cooking. The chef needs to add all the ingredients in accurate proportions and ratio to put
forth a delicious dish. Also, while organizing a room, each and every space is utilized to make the room
look more appealing. A house is made to look more presentable by using vases, paintings, and various
decorative pieces, which are of different geometric shapes and have different patterns made on them.
Faculty: Grace D. Tiqui Prepared by: Carina S. Dizon 10 | P a g e
4. Word Patterns.
 Patterns can also be found in language like the morphological rules on pluralizing nouns or
conjugating verbs for tense, as well as the metrical rules of poetry. Each of these examples supports
mathematical and natural language understanding. The focus here is patterns in form and in syntax,
which lead directly to the study of language in general and digital communication in particular.
1. Example on word patterns
Doctor: hospital : _______________________ : school
Manila: Philippines : _______________________ : Seoul:
Land: turtle : _______________________ : eagle
Assets: owned by the company : _______________________ : owed by the company
2. Example on pluralizing nouns
knife: knives life : lives wife : ____________
Fly : flies city : cities baby : ___________
Hero: heroes echo: echoes potato: ___________
3. Example of words that are linked by a letter pattern and meaning.
A. sign - from Latin signum to mark, indicate, a symbol sign as in signal- signpost - signature -
design- resign assign-significant
B. real - reality, realize, really, unrealistic
C. ped - from Latin for foot - as in pedicure, pedestrian, pedal, expedition
D. rupt -from Latin for broken - as in rupture, interrupt, disruption, eruption, bankrupt,
corrupt, abrupt
E. terr from Latin terra for earth, land, ground- as in terrain, territory, subterranean,
Mediterranean, extra terrestrial
F. ject (from Latin- throw) - as in reject (throw away!), rejection, projection (to throw light on
something!), projectile, dejection, objection, adjective (to throw light on nouns!)
 It cannot be overstated that it is important to understand how mathematics is regarded as the study
of patterns to become familiar with some of those patterns and to use them in daily life. For most
people, learning mathematics as an abstract concept before understanding how to use it does not
work. More effort must be exerted to expose students to mathematical patterns in various contexts
before, during, and after its introduction in the subject.

Activity# 2: Now that you had gone through the A STUDY OF PATTERNS, you are now ready to do
the following. Submit the Word output following this format.
Name ________________________________________________ Date____________________

Course& Yr. & Section:______________________________ SCORE: ________________
Activity #3 : A STUDY OF PATTERN

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.
1. How useful are patterns to you as a student and to your chosen career?
2. Looking at the things that surrounds you, take 10 pictures that signifies pattern. Do they follow or
establish a pattern? Explain.
3. Looking at the things that surrounds you, take 10 pictures that signifies patterns. What pattern do they
follow? Explain. Paste and table them as shown below.
PICTURES TAKEN PATTERN EXPLANATION
4. Cite some particular events, relevant scenarios, or situation in your life that are see or experience
oftentimes where they follow a certain pattern.
SITUATION/ EVENT PATTERN EXPLANATION
Send output on or before ________________ in our google classroom or to: carina.dizon@ua.edu.ph

References
Alejan, Alejan O. et.al. (2018). Mathematics in the Modern World. Mutya Publishing House, Inc. Potrero,
Malabon City Philippines
Aufmann, R. et.al. (2018). Mathematics in the Modern World. Rex Book Store Inc. Sampaloc Manila
Philippines
Aufmann, R. et.al. (2014). Mathematical Excursions. 3rd Edition(International Edition) Brooks Cole.
Baltazar, et.al. (2018). Mathematics in the Modern World. C & E Publishing Inc. 839, EDSA South
Triangle, Quezon City
Carpio, J. & Peralta B. (2018). Mathematics in the Modern World. Books Atbp. Publishing Corp. Barangka
Drive, Mandaluyong City
Nocon, Rizaldi C., et.al. (2016). Essential Mathematics for the Modern World. C & E Publishing,Inc. South
Triangle, Quezon City Philippines
Reyes, Juan Apolinario C., (2018). Mathematics in the Modern World. Unlimited Books Library Services
& Publishing Inc. Intramuros Manila Philippines
Soriano, J., et.al. (2019). Mathematics in the Modern World. Books Atbp. Publishing Corp. Barangka
Drive, Mandaluyong City
Stewart , Ian (1995). Nature’s Numbers: The Unreal Reality of Mathematics. HarperCollins Publishers
Inc. Basic Books USA
MathIsFun (2016). Nature, the Golden Ratio and Fibonacci too…

https://www.mathisfun.com/numbers/Fibonacci-sequence.html
https://study.com/academy/lesson/patterns-in-nature-definition-examples.html
http://www.patternsinnature.org/Book/WhyStudyPatterns.html
https://www.mpawars.com/post/do-you-know-nature-also-likes-to-stay-in-order
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patterns_in_nature#:~:text=Patterns%20in%20nature%20are%20visible,
%2C%20tessellations%2C%20cracks%20and%20stripes.
Congratulations for having completed this C-GEC4 Module 2!

Meet you in the next Module.

Module 2 (Week 2) in C - GEC 4: Mathematics in The Modern World

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Module 2 (Week 2) in C - GEC 4: Mathematics in The Modern World

Uploaded by

COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND

COMPUTING LIBRARY SCIENCE

Module 2 (Week 2) in C – GEC 4:

First Semester AY 2020-2021

Faculty: Grace D. Tiqui Prepared by: Carina S. Dizon 1|Page

A. Module Number /Title : Module 2: Nature of Mathematics: Study of Patterns

II. Desired Learning Outcomes

(1) Identify patterns in nature and regularities in the world;

III. Content / Discussion / Learning Resources / Links

Lesson 1.1: Nature of Mathematics

Faculty: Grace D. Tiqui Prepared by: Carina S. Dizon 2|Page

Faculty: Grace D. Tiqui Prepared by: Carina S. Dizon 3|Page

Submit the Word output following this format:

Activity #1 : NATURE OF MATHEMATICS

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.

1. How useful is mathematics to you as a student and to your chosen career?

2. Find practical applications of Mathematics in your daily life.

PICTURES TAKEN NUMBER /S FOUND EXPLANATION

SITUATION NUMBER /S FOUND EXPLANATION

Send output on or before ________________ in our google classroom or to: carina.dizon@ua.edu.ph

Faculty: Grace D. Tiqui Prepared by: Carina S. Dizon 4|Page

Lesson 1. 2: A Study of Patterns

What are Patterns?

Here are examples of pattern-seeking behavior of humans from childhood to adulthood:

 A toddler separates blue blocks from red blocks.

 A kindergarten student learns to count.

 A first grader does skip counting.

 A third grader notices that multiples of two are even numbers.

 A sixth grader creates patterns that cover a plane.

 A college biology undergraduate studies the sequence of DNA and proteins.

 A stock trader studies trends in the stock market.

 A weatherman makes weather forecasts based on atmospheric patterns.

Faculty: Grace D. Tiqui Prepared by: Carina S. Dizon 5|Page

Importance of Understanding Mathematical Patterns

Below are examples of various patterns:

A. Examples of Number Patterns

B. Examples : Find the 3 last terms of the sequence given

0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, ________, _________, _________

18, 15, 12, 9, 6, 3, ________, _________, _________

0, 1, 4, 9, 16, ________, _________, _________

Faculty: Grace D. Tiqui Prepared by: Carina S. Dizon 7|Page

 A geometric pattern is a motif or design that depicts abstract non-representational geometric

Examples of Geometric Patterns.

Faculty: Grace D. Tiqui Prepared by: Carina S. Dizon 8|Page

Faculty: Grace D. Tiqui Prepared by: Carina S. Dizon 9|Page

1. Example on word patterns

Doctor: hospital : _______________________ : school

Manila: Philippines : _______________________ : Seoul:

Land: turtle : _______________________ : eagle

Assets: owned by the company : _______________________ : owed by the company

2. Example on pluralizing nouns

knife: knives life : lives wife : ____________

Fly : flies city : cities baby : ___________

Hero: heroes echo: echoes potato: ___________

3. Example of words that are linked by a letter pattern and meaning.

B. real - reality, realize, really, unrealistic

C. ped - from Latin for foot - as in pedicure, pedestrian, pedal, expedition

Faculty: Grace D. Tiqui Prepared by: Carina S. Dizon 11 | P a g e

Name ________________________________________________ Date____________________

Activity #3 : A STUDY OF PATTERN

PICTURES TAKEN PATTERN EXPLANATION

SITUATION/ EVENT PATTERN EXPLANATION

Send output on or before ________________ in our google classroom or to: carina.dizon@ua.edu.ph

Faculty: Grace D. Tiqui Prepared by: Carina S. Dizon 12 | P a g e

MathIsFun (2016). Nature, the Golden Ratio and Fibonacci too…

Congratulations for having completed this C-GEC4 Module 2!

Faculty: Grace D. Tiqui Prepared by: Carina S. Dizon 13 | P a g e

Faculty: Grace D. Tiqui Prepared by: Carina S. Dizon 14 | P a g e

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0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, ____, _, _____

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0, 1, 4, 9, 16, ____, _, _____

Name ____________________________ Date