Engine Electrical System

Engine Electrical System
Specification
Ignition System
Ignition Coil
Item Specification
Primary Coil Resistance (Ω) 0.62 ± 10 [20°C (68°F)]
Secondary Coil Resistance
7.0 ± 15 [20°C (68°F)]
(kΩ)
Spark plug
Item Specification
Type SILZKR7B11
1.0 ~ 1.1 mm
Gap (0.0394 ~
0.0433 in.)
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Condenser
Item Specification
Capacitance (uF) 0.47 [1KHz]
Insulation resistance
1,000 [DC 500 V/1 Min]
(MΩ)
Charging System
Alternator
Item Specification
Rated voltage 13.5V , 150A
Speed in use 1,400 ~ 18,000rpm
Voltage regulator IC Regulator built in type
14.0 ~ 15.5 (-35°C)
Regulator reform mode voltage (V)
14.0 ~ 15.0 (25°C)
[COM terminal]
13.1 ~ 15.0 (140°C)
Regulator Setting Voltage (V) [COM 11.6 ~ 15.4
terminal] [5,000 rpm / min / 10A]
Allowable input load at L-terminal

12
vlotage [V]
Rotor coil disconnected
Altermator warning lamp function Over voltage
Low voltage
Battery
C:\Users\ej20\Desktop\KI 15\Sorento 2015\Engine Electrical System.mht 2014-06-10

Item Specification
Model type CMF80L-BCI
Capacity [20HR/5HR] 80/64
(AH)
Cold Cranking Amperage
660 (SAE) / 528 (EN)
(A)
Reserve Capacity (Min) 145
• Model type description
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• Cold Cranking Ampere (CCA): Cold Cranking Amps is a rating used in the battery industry to define a battery's
ability to start an engine in cold temperatures.
- The rating is the number of amps a new, fully charged battery can deliver at -18 °C(-0.4 °F) for 30 seconds, while
maintaining a voltage of at least 7.2 volts for a 12 volt battery.
- The higher the CCA rating, the greater the starting power of the battery.
• RESERVE CAPACITY (RC) : Reserve Capacity is a battery industry rating, defining a battery's ability to power a
vehicle with an inoperative alternator or fan belt.
- The rating is the number of minutes a battery at 26.7 °C(80 °F) can be discharged at 25 amps and maintain a
voltage of 10.5 volts for a 12 volt battery.
- The higher the reserve rating, the longer your vehicle can operate should your alternator or fan belt fail.
Starting System
Starter
Item Specification
Rated voltage 12 V, 1.7 kW
The number of pinion teeth 12
Performance Ampere Max. 85 A
[No-load, 11.5 V] Speed Min. 2,550 rpm
Tightening Torques

Item N.m kgf.m lb-ft
Ignition coil installation bolt 9.8 ~ 11.8 1.0 ~ 1.2 7.2 ~ 8.7
Spark plug installation 14.7 ~ 24.5 1.5 ~ 2.5 10.9 ~ 18.1
Condenser & Hanger bracket
6.9 ~ 10.8 0.7 ~ 1.1 5.1 ~ 8.0
installation bolt
Alternator installation bolt 26.5 ~ 33.3 2.7 ~ 3.4 19.5 ~ 24.6
Battery (+) terminal tightening nut 7.8 ~ 9.8 0.8 ~ 1.0 5.2 ~ 8.7
Battery (-) terminal l tightening nut 4.0 ~ 6.0 0.4 ~ 0.6 2.9 ~ 4.3
Battery mounting bracket installation
8.8 ~ 13.7 0.9 ~1.4 6.5 ~ 10.1
bolt
Battery tray installation bolt 8.8 ~ 13.7 0.9 ~1.4 6.5 ~ 10.1
Battery sensor cable installation bolt 10.8 ~ 13.7 1.1 ~ 1.4 8.0 ~ 10.1
Starter installation bolt 49.0 ~ 63.7 5.0 ~ 6.5 36.2 ~ 47.0
Starter cover installation bolt 8.8 ~ 13.7 0.9 ~ 1.4 6.5 ~ 10.1
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Troubleshooting
Ignition System
Symptom Suspect Area Remedy
Engine will not start or is hard to Ignition lock switch Inspect ignition lock switch, or replace as
start (Cranks OK) required
Ignition coil Inspect ignition coil, or replace as required
Spark plugs Inspect spark plugs, or replace as required
Ignition wiring disconnected or Repair wiring, or replace as required
broken
Rough idle or stalls Ignition wiring Repair wiring, or replace as required
Ignition coil Inspect ignition coil, or replace as required
Engine hesitates/poor Spark plugs and spark plug cables Inspect spark plugs / cable, or replace as
acceleration required
Ignition wiring Repair wiring, or replace as required
Poor mileage Spark plugs and spark plug cables Inspect spark plugs / cable, or replace as
required
Charging System

Charging warning indicator does Fuse blown Check fuses
not Light burned out Replace light
light with ignition switch "ON"
and Wiring connection loose Tighten loose connection
engine off. Electronic voltage regulator If light turns off, replace voltage regulator.
Charging warning indicator does Drive belt loose or worn Adjust belt tension or replace belt
not Battery cable loose, corroded or Inspect cable connection, repair or replace
go out with engine running. worn cable
(Battery
Electronic voltage regulator or If light turns off, replace voltage regulator or
requires frequent recharging)
alternator alternator
Wiring Repair or replace wiring
Overcharge Electronic voltage regulator If light turns off, replace voltage regulator.
Voltage sensing wire Repair or replace wiring
Discharge Drive belt loose or worn Adjust belt tension or replace belt
Wiring connection loose or short Inspect wiring connection, repair or replace
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circuit wiring
Electronic voltage regulator or If light turns off, replace voltage regulator or
alternator alternator
Poor grounding Inspect ground or repair
Worn battery Replace battery
Starting System
Engine will not crank Battery charge low Charge or replace battery
Battery cables loose, corroded or worn Repair or replace cables
out
Transaxle range switch Refer to AT group-automatic
(Vehicle with automatic transaxle only) transaxle
Fuse blown Replace fuse
Starter motor faulty Replace
Ignition switch faulty Replace
Engine cranks slowly Battery charge low Charge or replace battery
Battery cables loose, corroded or worn Repair or replace cables
out
Starter motor faulty Replace
Starter keeps running Starter motor faulty Replace
Ignition switch Replace
Starter spins but engine will not Short in wiring Repair or replace wiring
crank Pinion gear teeth broken or starter motor Replace
Ring gear teeth broken Replace fly wheel or torque converter

Description
Ignition timing is controlled by the electronic control ignition timing system.
The standard reference ignition timing data for the engine operating conditions are pre-pro grammed in the memory of the
ECM (Engine Control Module).
The engine operating conditions (speed, load, warm-up condition, etc.) are detected by the various sensors. Based on
these sensor signals and the ignition timing data, signals to interrupt the primary current are sent to the ECM.
The ignition coil is activated, and timing is controlled.
On-vehicle Inspection
Inspect ignition coil assembly and Perform spark test
1. Check for DTCs.
• If a DTC is present, perform troubleshooting in accordance with the procedure for that
DTC.
(Refer to DTC guide)
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2. Check if sparks occur.
(1) Remove the engine cover.
(2) Remove the ignition coils.
(3) Using a spark plug wrench, remove the spark plugs.
(4) Disconnect the 6 injector extention connectors.
(5) Ground the spark plug to the engine.
(6) Check if sparks occur at each spark plug while engine is being cranked.
• Do not crank the engine for more then 5 seonds.

3. If sparks do not occur, perform the following test.
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4. Using a spark plug wrench, install spark plugs.
5. Install the ignition coils.
6. Install the engine cover.
Description
An ignition coil is an induction coil in an engine's ignition system which transforms the battery's low voltage to the high
voltage needed to create an electric spark in the spark plugs to ignite the fuel. Coils have an internal resistor while others
rely on a resistor wire or an external resistor to limit the current flowing into the coil from the battery 12 V supply.

Specification
Item Specification
Primary Coil Resistance (Ω) 0.62 ± 10 [20°C (68°F)]
Secondary Coil Resistance
7.0 ± 15 [20°C (68°F)]
(kΩ)
Circuit Diagram
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Removal
[Ignition Coil #2, #4, #6]
1. Disconnect the battery nagative terminal.
2. Remove the engine cover.
3. Disconnect the ignition coil connector.
4. Remove the ignition coil (A) after loosening the bolts.
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• When removing the ignition coil connector, pull the lock pin (A) and push the clip
(B).
[Ignition coil #1, #3, #5]

1. Disconnect the battery nagative terminal.
3. Remove the surge tank assembly.
(Refer to Engine Mechanical System - "Surge Tank")
4. Disconnect the ignition coil connector.

5. Remove the igniton coil (A) after loosening the bolts.
• When removing the ignition coil connector, pull the lock pin (A) and push the clip
(B).
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Installation
1. Install in the reverse order of removal.
Ignition coil installation bolts:

9.8 ~ 11.8 N.m (1.0 ~ 1.2 kgf.m, 7.2 ~ 8.7 Ib-ft)
Inspection
1. Measure the primary coil resistance between terminals (+) and (-).
Standard value: 0.62Ω ± 10%

Description
A spark plug is a device for delivering electric current from an ignition system to the combustion chamber of a spark-
ignition engine to ignite the compressed fuel/air mixture therein by means of an electric spark, while containing combustion
pressure within the engine. A spark plug has a metal threaded shell, electrically isolated from a central electrode by a
porcelain insulator.
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Specification
Item Specification
Type SILZKR7B11
Gap 1.0 ~ 1.1 mm (0.0394 ~ 0.0433 in.)
Inspection
[On vehicle inspection]
1. Accelerate the engine to about 3,000 rpm 3 times or more.
2. Remove the spark plug.
3. Check the spark plug visually.
If the electrode is dry, the spark plug is normal.
If the electrode is wet, check the damage and electrode gap as below.
[Component Inspection]

1. Check the spark plug for any damage on its thread and insulator.
If there is damage, replace the spark plug.
2. Check the electrode. Measure the insulation resistance with an ohmmeter.
If the resistance is less than the specified value, adjust the electrode gap.
Specification: 10 MΩ or more
3. Check the spark plug electrode gap.
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If the gap is greater than the maximum, replace the spark plug.
Specification: 1.0 ~ 1.1 mm (0.0394 ~ 0.0433 in.)
• If adjusting the gap of a new spark plug, bend only the base of the ground electrode. Do not touch the
tip.
Never attempt to adjust the gap on a used plug.
Cleaning
The combustion temporarily becomes unstable, due to the aged fuel and the carbon deposits accumulated on the spark
plug(s) after long-term storage.
[1st Method]
1. Start the engine and keep the engine running at idle for 2 minutes.
2. Step on the accelerator pedal and hold it steady at 4500 rpm with the shift lever in N position to warm up the engine
until the temperature of the engine coolant reaches 80°C.

3. Keep the engine running at 2500~3000 rpm in the N position for 15 minutes.
[2nd Method]
• The 2nd method should be performed only if the 1st method fails (the misfire-related codes recur).
1. Start the engine and keep the engine running at idle for 2 minutes.
2. Drive the vehicle for over 20 minutes, keeping the engine speed above 3500 rpm.
• If equipped with manual transaxle, shift the gear properly for keeping the engine speed above 3500
rpm.
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Removal
1. Remove the ignition coil.
(Refer to Ignition System - "Ignition Coil")
2. Using a spark plug wrench, remove the spark plug (A).
• Be careful that no contaminates enter into spark plug

holes.
[Bank1]
[Bank2]

Installation
Spark Plug Installation

14.7 ~ 24.5 N.m (1.5 ~ 2.5 kgf.m, 10.8 ~ 18.0 Ib-ft)
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Description
The charging system included a battery, an alternator with a built-in regulator, and the charging indicator light and wire.
The Alternator has eight built-in diodes, each rectifying AC current to DC current.
Therefore, DC current appears at alternator "B" terminal.
In addition, the charging voltage of this alternator is regulated by the battery voltage detection system.
The alternator is regulated by the battery voltage detection system. The main components of the alternator are the rotor,
stator, rectifier, capacitor brushes, bearings and V-ribbed belt pulley. The brush holder contains a built-in electronic
voltage regulator.
1. Brush
2. Drive belt pully
3. Rotor
4. Stator
5. Rectifier
Alternator Management System

Alternator management system controls the charging voltage set point in order to improve fuel economy, manage
alternator load under various operating conditions, keep the battery charged, and protect the battery from over-charging.
ECM controls generating voltage by duty cycle (charging control, discharging control, normal control) based on the
battery conditions and vehicle operating conditions.

The system conducts discharging control when accelerating a vehicle. Vehicle reduces an alternator load and consumes
an electric power form a battery.
The system conducts charging control when decelerating a vehicle. Vehicle increases an alternator load and charges a
battery.
On-vehicle Inpection
• First of all, check for DTCs. If a DTC is present, perform troubleshooting in accordance with the procedure for that
DTC.
(Refer to DTC guide)
• Check that the battery cables are connected to the correct terminals.
• Disconnect the battery cables when the battery is given a quick charge.
• Never disconnect the battery while the engine is running.
[General Inspection]
1. Check The Battery Terminals And Fuses
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(1) Check that the battery terminals are not loose or corroded.
(2) Check the fuses for continuity.
2. Inspect Drive Belt
(1) Visually check the belt for excessive wear, frayed cords etc.
If any defect has been found, replace the drive belt.
• Cracks on the rib side of a belt are considered acceptable. If the belt has chunks missing from the ribs,
it should be replaced.
3. Drive belt tension measurement and adjustment

(Refer to Engine Mechanical System - "Drive Belt")
4. Visually Check Alternator Wiring And Listen For Abnormal Noises
(1) Check that the wiring is in good condition.
(2) Check that there is no abnormal noise from the alternator while the engine is running.

5. Check Discharge Warning Light Circuit
(1) Warm up the engine and then turn it off.
(2) Turn off all accessories.
(3) Turn the ignition switch "ON". Check that the discharge warning light is lit.
(4) Start the engine. Check that the light is lit.
If the light does not go off as specified, troubleshoot the discharge light circuit.
[Electrical Specified Value Inspection]

1. Voltage Drop Test Of Alternator Output Wire
This test determines whether or not the wiring between the alternator "B" terminal and the battery (+) terminal is good
by the voltage drop method.
(1) Preparation
A. Turn the ignition switch to "OFF".
B. Disconnect the output wire from the alternator "B" terminal. Connect the (+) lead wire of ammeter to the "B"
terminal of alternator and the (-) lead wire of ammeter to the output wire. Connect the (+) lead wire of
voltmeter to the "B" terminal of alternator and the (-) lead wire of voltmeter to the (+) terminal of battery.
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(2) Test
A. Start the engine.
B. Turn on the headlamps and blower motor, and set the engine speed until the ammeter indicates 20A.
And then, read the voltmeter at this time.
(3) Result
A. The voltmeter may indicate the standard value.
Standard value : 0.2V max
B. If the value of the voltmeter is higher than expected (above 0.2V max.), poor wiring is suspected. In this case
check th e wiring from the alternator "B" terminal to the battery (+) terminal. Check for loose connections,
color change due to an over-heated harness, etc. Correct them before testing again.
C. Upon completion of the test, set the engine speed at idle.
Turn off the headlamps, blower motor and the ignition switch.
2. Output Current Test

This test determines whether or not the alternator gives an output current that is equivalent to the normal output.

(1) Preparation
A. Prior to the test, check the following items and correct as necessary.
Check the battery installed in the vehicle to ensure that it is good condition. The battery checking method is
described in the section "Battery".
The battery that is used to test the output current should be one that has been partially discharged. With a
fully charged battery, the test may not be conducted correctly due to an insufficient load.
Check the tension of the alternator drive belt. The belt tension check method is described in the section
"Inspect drive belt".
B. Turn off the ignition switch.
C. Disconnect the battery ground cable.
D. Disconnect the alternator output wire from the alternator "B" terminal.
E. Connect a DC ammeter (0 to 150A) in series between the "B" terminal and the disconnected output wire. Be
sure to connect the (-) lead wire of the ammeter to the disconnected output wire.
• Tighten each connection securely, as a heavy current will flow. Do not rely on clips.
F. Connect a voltmeter (0 to 20V) between the "B" terminal and ground. Connect the (+) lead wire to the
alternator "B" terminal and (-) lead wire to a good ground.
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G. Attach an engine tachometer and connect the battery ground cable.
H. Leave the engine hood open.
(2) Test
A. Check to see that the voltmeter reads as the same value as the battery voltage. If the voltmeter reads 0V, and
the open circuit in the wire between alternator "B" terminal and battery (+) terminal or poor grounding is
suspected.
B. Start the engine and turn on the headlamps.
C. Set the headlamps to high beam and the heater blower switch to HIGH, quickly increase the engine speed to
2,500 rpm and read the maximum output current value indicated by the ammeter.
• After the engine start up, the charging current quickly drops. Therefore, the above operation must
be done quickly to read the maximum current value correctly.

(3) Result
A. The ammeter reading must be higher than the limit value. If it is lower but the alternator output wire is in good
condition, remove the alternator from the vehicle and test it.
Limit value : 60% of the voltage rate
• The nominal output current value is shown on the nameplate affixed to the alternator body.
• The output current value changes with the electrical load and the temperature of the alternator itself.
Therefore, the nominal output current may not be obtained. If such is the case, keep the headlamps
on the cause discharge of the battery, or use the lights of another vehicle to increase the electrical
load.
• The nominal output current may not be obtained if the temperature of the alternator itself or ambient
temperature is too high. In such a case, reduce the temperature before testing again.
B. Upon completion of the output current test, lower the engine speed to idle and turn off the ignition switch.
D. Remove the ammeter and voltmeter and the engine tachometer.
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E. Connect the alternator output wire to the alternator "B" terminal.
F. Connect the battery ground cable.
3. Regulated Voltage Test

The purpose of this test is to check that the electronic voltage regulator controls voltage correctly.
(1) Preparation
A. Prior to the test, check the following items and correct if necessary.
Check that the battery installed on the vehicle is fully charged. The battery checking method is described in
the section "Battery".
Check the alternator drive belt tension. The belt tension check method is described in the section "Inspect
drive belt".
B. Turn ignition switch to "OFF".
D. Connect a digital voltmeter between the "B" terminal of the alternator and ground. Connect the (+) lead of the
voltmeter to the "B" terminal of the alternator. Connect the (-) lead to good ground or the battery (-) terminal.
E. Disconnect the alternator output wire from the alternator "B" terminal.
F. Connect a DC ammeter (0 to 150A) in series between the "B" terminal and the disconnected output wire.
Connect the (-) lead wire of the ammeter to the disconnected output wire.
G. Attach the engine tachometer and connect the battery ground cable.

(2) Test
A. Turn on the ignition switch and check to see that the voltmeter indicates the following value.
Voltage: Battery voltage
If it reads 0V, there is an open circuit in the wire between the alternator "B" terminal and the battery and the
battery (-) terminal.
B. Start the engine. Keep all lights and accessories off.
C. Run the engine at a speed of about 2,500 rpm and read the voltmeter when the alternator output current
drops to 10A or less
(3) Result
A. If the voltmeter reading dosen't agree with the standard value, the voltage regulator or the alternator is faulty.
B. Upon completion of the test, reduce the engine speed to idle, and turn off the ignition switch.
D. Remove the voltmeter and ammeter and the engine tachometer.
E. Connect the alternator output wire to the alternator "B" terminal.
F. Connect the battery ground cable.
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Description
The Alternator has eight built-in diodes, each rectifying AC current to DC current.
Therefore, DC current appears at alternator "B" terminal.
In addition, the charging voltage of this alternator is regulated by the battery voltage detection system.
The alternator is regulated by the battery voltage detection system.
The main components of the alternator are the rotor, stator, rectifier, capacitor brushes, bearings and V-ribbed belt
pulley.
The brush holder contains a built-in electronic voltage regulator.
1. Brush
2. Drive belt pully
3. Rotor
4. Stator
5. Rectifier
Specification

Item Specification
Rated voltage 13.5V , 150A
Speed in use 1,400 ~ 18,000rpm
Voltage regulator IC Regulator built in type
14.0 ~ 15.5 (-35°C)
Regulator reform mode voltage (V)
14.0 ~ 15.0 (25°C)
[COM terminal]
13.1 ~ 15.0 (140°C)
Regulator Setting Voltage (V) [COM 11.6 ~ 15.4
terminal] [5,000 rpm / min / 10A]
Allowable input load at L-terminal

12
vlotage [V]
Rotor coil disconnected
Altermator warning lamp function Over voltage
Low voltage
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Circuit Diagram

• COM signal - When controlling the voltage generated, the ECM sends the target voltage data to the alternator via
a PWM signal.(High voltage: 4V or higher, low voltage: 2V or lower)
• FR signal - The transistor activation signal inside the alternator monitors the voltage generated by the alternator to
control the excitation current before it sends the FR signal to the ECM. (At certain RPM/electric loads, the FR duty
can remain static. However, more often, the RPM, electric load, target voltage, etc. are always changing in the
vehicle, so the FR must also change constantly)
• L signal - Turns on the battery warning lamp on the dashboard when the battery charging system malfunctions.
(Conditions for turning on the lamp - overcharge, over discharge, a field coil blown inside the alternator)
• B+ terminal - The output voltage from the generator travels to the battery via the B+ terminal.
Removal
1. Disconnect the battery negative terminal.
3. Disconnect the alternator connector (A) and cable (B) from the 'B' terminal.
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4. To release the tension, turn the drive belt tensioner counterclockwise then remove the drive belt (A).

5. Remove the alternator (A).
Installation
2. Adjust the alternator belt tension after installation.
(Refer to Engine Mechanical System - "Drive Belt")
Alternator installation bolt:

26.5 ~ 33.3 Nm (2.7 ~ 3.4 kgf.m, 19.5 ~ 24.6 Ib-ft)
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Description
1. The CMF(Closed Maintenance Free) battery is, as the name implies, totally maintenance free and has no removable
battery cell caps.
2. The CMF(Closed Maintenance Free) battery does not require water replenishment for the repair.
3. The battery is completely sealed, except for small vent holes in the cover.
• After disconnecting then reconnecting the battery negative cable, reset some parts that require the reset procedures.
(Refer to Body Electrical System – "General Information")
Specification

Item Specification
Model type CMF80L-BCI
Capacity [20HR/5HR] 80/64
(AH)
Cold Cranking Amperage
660 (SAE) / 528 (EN)
(A)
Reserve Capacity (Min) 145
Components
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1. Battery insulation pad 3. Battery tray
2. Battery 4. Battery mounting
bracket
Removal
1. Remove the air duct and air cleaner assembly.
(Refer to Engine Mechanical System - "Air Cleaner")
2. Disconnect the battery (-)terminal and then (+)terminal (A).
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3. Remove the battery mounting bracket (B) and the insulation pad (A), and then remove the battery (C).
4. Remove the battery tray (A) after removing the bolts(B).
Installation

Battery (-)terminal installation: 4.0 ~ 6.0 N.m (0.4 ~ 0.6 kgf.m, 3.0 ~ 4.4 lb-ft)
Battery (+)terminal installation: 7.8 ~ 9.8 N.m (0.8 ~ 1.0 kgf.m, 5.8 ~ 7.2 lb-ft)
Battery mounting bracket and the insulation pad installation: 8.8 ~ 13.7 N.m (0.9 ~ 1.4
kgf.m, 6.5 ~ 10.1 Ib-ft)
• When installing the battery, fix the mounting bracket on the tray correctly.
Vehicle parasitic current inspection

1. Turn the all electric devices OFF, and then turn the ignition switch OFF.
2. Close all doors except the engine hood, and then lock all doors.
(1) Disconnect the hood switch connector.
(2) Close the trunk lid.
(3) Close the doors or remove the door switches.
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3. Wait a few minutes until the vehicle’s electrical systems go to sleep mode.
• For an accurate measurement of a vehicle parasitic current, all electriacl systems should go to sleep mode.
(It takes at least one hour or at most one day.) However, an approximate vehicle parasitic current can be
measured after 10~20 minutes.
4. Connect an ammeter in series between the battery (-) terminal and the ground cable, and then disconnect the clamp
from the battery (-) terminal slowly.
• Be careful that the lead wires of an ammeter do not come off from the battery (-) terminal and the ground
cable to prevent the battery from being reset. In case the battery is reset, connect the battery cable again,
and then start the engine or turn the ignition switch ON for more than 10 sec. Repeat the procedure from
No. 1.
To prevent the battery from being reset during the inspection,
1) Connect a jump cable between the battery (-) terminal and the ground cable.
2) Disconnect the ground cable from the battery (-) terminal.
3) Connect an ammeter between the battery (-) terminal and the ground cable.
4) After disconnecting the jump cable, read the current value of the ammeter.

5. Read the current value of the ammeter.
A. If the parasitic current is over the limit value, search for abnormal circuit by removing a fuse one by one and
checking the parasitic current.
B. Reconnect the suspected parasitic current draw circuit fuse only and search for suspected unit by removing a
compoconnected with the circuit one by one until the parasitic draw drops below limit value.
Limit value (after 10~20 min.) : Below 50mA
Cleaning
1. Make sure the ignition switch and all accessories are in the OFF position.
2. Disconnect the battery cables (negative first).
3. Remove the battery from the vehicle.
• Care should be taken in the event the battery case is cracked or leaking, to protect your skin from the
electrolyte.
Heavy rubber gloves (not the household type) should be wore when removing the battery.
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4. Inspect the battery tray for damage caused by the loss of electrolyte. If acid damage is present, it will be necessary to
clean the area with a solution of clean warm water and baking soda. Scrub the area with a stiff brush and wipe off
with a cloth moistened with baking soda and water.
5. Clean the top of the battery with the same solution as described above.
6. Inspect the battery case and cover for cracks. If cracks are present, the battery must be replaced.
7. Clean the battery posts with a suitable battery post tool.
8. Clean the inside surface of the terminal clamps with a suitable battery cleaning tool. Replace damaged or frayed
cables and broken terminal clamps.
9. Install the battery in the vehicle.
10. Connect the cable terminals to the battery post, making sure tops of the terminals are flush with the tops of the posts
.
11. Tighten the terminal nuts securely.

12. Coat all connections with light mineral grease after tightening.
• When batteries are being charged, an explosive gas forms beneath the cover of each cell. Do not smoke
near batteries being charged or which have recently been charged. Do not break live circuit at the
terminals of batteries being charged.
A spark will occur when the circuit is broken. Keep open flames away from battery.
Troubleshooting
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Description
Vehicles have many control units that use more electricity. These units control their own system based on information
from diverse sensors. It is important to have a stable power supply as there diverse sensors giving a variety of
information. Battery sensor is mounted on battery (-) terminal. It transmits battery voltage, current, temperature
information to ECM. ECM controls generating voltage by duty cycle based on these signals.

Removal
1. Disconnect the battery negative (-) cable.
2. Disconnect the battery sensor connector (A).
3. Remove the battery negative (-) cable after removing the bolts(B).
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Installation
Battery sensor cable installation bolt: 10.8 ~ 13.7 N.m (1.1 ~ 1.4 kgf.m, 8.0 ~ 10.1 lb-ft)
Battery (-) terminal l tightening nut: 4.0 ~ 6.0 N.m (0.4 ~ 0.6 kgf.m, 2.9 ~ 4.3 lb-ft)
• For the vehicle equipped with a battery sensor, be careful not to damage the battery sensor when the
battery is replaced or recharged.
1. When replacing the battery, it should be same one (type, capacity and brand) that is originally installed on
your vehicle. If a battery of a different type is replaced, the battery sensor may recognize the battery to be
abnormal.
2. When installing the ground cable on the negative post of battery, tighten the clamp with specified torque.
An excessive tightening torque can damage the PCB internal circuit and the battery terminal .
3. When recharging the battery, ground the negative terminal of the booster battery to the vehicle body.
Description
The starting system includes the battery, starter, solenoid switch, ignition switch, inhibitor switch (A/T), clutch pedal
switch (M/T), ignition lock switch, connection wires and the battery cable.

When the ignition key is turned to the start position, current flows and energizes the starter motor's solenoid coil.
The solenoid plunger and clutch shift lever are activated, and the clutch pinion engages the ring gear.
The contacts close and the starter motor cranks.
In order to prevent damage caused by excessive rotation of the starter armature when the engine starts, the clutch pinion
gear overruns.
1. Solenoid
2. Brush assembly
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3. Armature
4. Overrun clutch
Troubleshooting
• The battery must be in good condition and fully charged for this troubleshooting.

Engine Electrical System cardiagn.com
Description
The starting system includes the battery, starter, solenoid switch, ignition switch, inhibitor switch (A/T), clutch pedal
switch (M/T), ignition lock switch, connection wires and the battery cable.
When the ignition key is turned to the start position, current flows and energizes the starter motor's solenoid coil.
The solenoid plunger and clutch shift lever are activated, and the clutch pinion engages the ring gear.The contacts close
and the starter motor cranks.
In order to prevent damage caused by excessive rotation of the starter armature when the engine starts, the clutch pinion
gear overruns.
Specification
Starter

Item Specification
Rated voltage 12 V, 1.7 kW
The number of pinion teeth 12
Performance Ampere Max.85 A
[No-load, 11.5 V] Speed Min. 2,550 rpm
Components
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1. Front housing 8. Shield
2. Planet gear shaft 9. Armature assembly
assembly 10. York assembly
3. Lever 11. Brush holder assembly
4. Lever packing 12. Rear housing
5. Starter solenoid 13. Through bolt
assembly 14. Lever plate
6. Packing
7. Planet gear
Circuit Diagram
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Removal
2. Remove the starter cover (A).
3. Disconnect the starter cable (A) from the B terminal on the solenoid, then disconnect the connector (B) from the S
terminal.
4. Remove the 2 bolts holding the starter, then remove the starter (C).
Installation
Starter installation bolt:

49.0 ~ 63.7 N.m (5.0 ~ 6.5 kgf.m, 36.2 ~ 47.0 lb-ft)
Start cover installation bolt:
8.8 ~ 13.7N.m (0.9 ~ 1.4kgf.m, 6.5 ~ 10.1lb-ft)
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Disassembly
1. Disconnect the M-terminal (A) on the starter solenoid assembly (B).
2. After loosening the 3 screws (A), detach the starter solenoid assembly (B).

3. Loosen the through bolts (A).
4. Remove the brush holder assembly (C), the yoke (B), the armature (C) and the rear housing (D).
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5. Remove the lever packing (A) and the lever plate (B).
6. Remove the shield (A) and the packing (B).

7. Remove the planet gear (A).
8. Remove the planet shaft assembly (A) and the lever (B).
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9. Press the stopper (A) using a socket (B).
10. Remove the stop ring (A) using the stop ring pliers (B).

11. Remove the stopper (A), overrunning clutch (B), internal gear (C) and planet shaft (D).
Using a suitable pulling tool (A), pull the overrunning clutch stop ring (B) over the stopper
(C).
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12. Reassembly is the reverse of disassembly.
Inspection
Starter Solenoid Inspection
1. Disconnect the lead wire from the M-terminal of solenoid switch.
2. Connect the battery as shown. If the starter pinion pops out, it is working properly.
• To avoid damaging the starter, do not leave the battery connected for more than 10
seconds.

3. Disconnect the battery from the M terminal.
If the pinion does not retract, the hold-in coil is working properly.
seconds.
4. Disconnect the battery also from the body. If the pinion retracts immediately, it is working properly.
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seconds.
Free Running Inspection

1. Place the starter motor in a vise equipped with soft jaws and connect a fully-charged 12-volt battery to starter motor
as follows.
2. Connect a test ammeter (150-ampere scale) and carbon pile rheostats shown is the illustration.
3. Connect a voltmeter (15-volt scale) across starter motor.

4. Rotate carbon pile to the off position.
5. Connect the battery cable from battery's negative post to the starter motor body.
6. Adjust until battery voltage shown on the voltmeter reads 11volts.
7. Confirm that the maximum amperage is within the specifications and that the starter motor turns smoothly and freely.
Items Specification
Current (Max.) 85
Speed (Min.) 2,550
Armature Inspection And Test

1. Remove the starter.
2. Disassemble the starter as shown at the beginning of this procedure.
3. Inspect the armature for wear or damage from contact with the permanent magnet. If there is wear or damage,
replace the armature.
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4. Check the commutator (A) surface. If the surface is dirty or burnt, resurface with emery cloth or a lathe within the
following specifications, or recondition with #500 or #600 sandpaper (B).

5. Measure the commutator (A) runout.
A. If the commutator runout is within the service limit, check the commutator for carbon dust or brass chips between
the segments.
B. If the commutator run out is not within the service limit, replace the armature.
Commutator runout
Standard (New): 0.05mm (0.0019in.) max
Service limit: 0.08mm (0.0031in.)
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6. Check the mica depth (A). If the mica is too high (B), undercut the mica with a hacksaw blade to the proper depth.
Cut away all the mica (C) between the commutator segments. The undercut should not be too shallow, too narrow,
or v-shaped (D).
Commutator mica depth

Standard (New) : 0.8 mm (0.314 in.)
Limit : 0.2mm (0.0079 in.)

7. Check for continuity between the segments of the commutator. If an open circuit exists between any segments,
replace the armature.
8. Check with an ohmmeter that no continuity exists between the commutator (A) and armature coil core (B), and
between the commutator and armature shaft (C). If continuity exists, replace the armature.
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Inspect Starter Brush
Brushes that are worm out, or oil-soaked, should be replaced.
Starter Brush Holder Test

1. Check that there is no continuity between the (+) brush holder (A) and (-) plate (B). If there is continuity, replace the
brush holder assembly.
2. Pry back each brush spring (A) with a screwdriver, then position the brush (B) about halfway out of its holder, and
release the spring to hold it there.
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3. Install the armature in the housing, and install the brush holder. Next, pry back each brush spring again, and push the
brush down until it seats against the commutator, then release the spring against the end of the brush.
To seat new brushes, slip a strip of #500 or #600 sandpaper, with the grit side up, between the commutator
and each brush, and smoothly rotate the armature. The contact surface of the brushes will be sanded to the
same contour as the commutator.
Inspect Overrunning Clutch

1. Slide the overrunning clutch along the shaft.
Replace it if does not slide smoothly.

2. Rotate the overrunning clutch both ways.
Does it lock in one direction and rotate smoothly in reverse? If it does not lock in either direction or it locks in both
directions, replace it.
3. If the starter drive gear is worn or damaged, replace the overrunning clutch assembly. (the gear is not available
separately).
Check the condition of the flywheel or torque converter ring gear if the starter drive gear teeth are damaged.
Cleaning
1. Do not immerse parts in cleaning solvent.
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Immersing the yoke assembly and/or armature will damage the insulation wipe these parts with a cloth only.
2. Do not immerse the drive unit in cleaning solvent.
The overrun clutch is pre-lubricated at the factory and sol-vent will wash lubrication from the clutch.
3. The drive unit may be cleaned with a brush moistened with cleaning solvent and wiped dry with a cloth.
Inspection
2. Remove the fuse box cover.
3. Remove the starter relay(A).
4. Using an ohmmeter, check that there is continuity between each terminal.

Terminal Continuity
30 - 87 NO
85 - 86 YES

5. Apply 12V to terminal 85 and ground to terminal 86.
Check for continuity between terminals 30 and 87.
6. If there is no continuity, replace the starter relay.

7. Install the starter relay.
8. Install the fuse box cover.
System Block Diagram
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Component Parts And Function Outline

Component part Function
Vehicle-speed sensor Converts vehicle speed to pulse.
ECM Receives signals from sensor and control switches.
Cruise control indicator Illuminate when CRUISE main switch is ON (Built into
cluster)
Cruise Control switches ON/OFF switch Switch for automatic speed control power supply.
Resume/Accel switch Controls automatic speed control functions by
Set/Coast switch Resume/Accel switch (Set/Coast switch)
Cancel switches Cancel switch Sends cancel signals to ECM.
Brake-pedal switch
Transaxle range switch (A/T)
ETS motor Regulates the throttle valve to the set opening by ECM.
* ETS : Electronic Throttle System

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Cruise Control
The cruise control system is engaged by the cruise "ON/OFF" main switch located on right of steering wheel column. The
system has the capability to cruise, coast, accelerate and resume speed.
It also has a safety interrupt, engaged upon depressing brake or shifting select lever.
The ECM is the control module for this system. The main components of cruise control system are mode control
switches, transmission range switch, brake switch, vehicle speed sensor, ECM and ETS motor that connect throttle
body.
The ECM contains a low speed limit which will prevent system engagement below a minimum speed of 40km/h (25mph).
The operation of the controller is controlled by mode control switches located on steering wheel.
Transmission range switch and brake switch are provided to disengage the cruise control system. The switches are on
brake pedal bracket and transmission. When the brake pedal is depressed or select lever shifted, the cruise control
system is electrically disengaged and the throttle is returned to the idle position.
Cruise main switch (ON/OFF)
The cruise control system is engaged by pressing the cruise "ON/OFF" main switch. Pressing the cruise "ON/OFF" main
switch again releases throttle, clears cruise memory speed, and puts vehicle in a non-cruise mode.
Set/Coast switch (SET/–)
The "SET/–" switch located on right of steering wheel column has two functions.
The set function - Push the "SET/–" switch and release it at the desired speed. The SET indicator light in the instrument
cluster will illuminate. Release the accelerator pedal. The desired speed will automatically be maintained.
The coast function - Push the "SET/–" switch and hold it when the cruise control is on. The vehicle will gradually slow
down. Release the switch at the desired speed. The desired speed will be maintained.
Push the "SET/–" switch and release it quickly. The cruising speed will decrease by 2.0km/h (1.2mph).
Resume/Accel switch (RES/+)
The "RES/+" switch located on right of steering wheel column has two functions.
The resume function - If any method other than the cruise “ON/OFF” main switch was used to cancel cruising speed
temporarily and the system is still activated, the most recent set speed will automatically resume when the "RES/+" switch
is pushed. It will not resume, however, if the vehicle speed has dropped below approximately 40km/h (25mph).
The accel function - Push the "RES/+" switch and hold it when the cruise control is on. The vehicle will gradually
accelerate. Release the switch at the desired speed. The desired speed will be maintained.
Push the "RES/+" switch and release it quickly. The cruising speed will increase by 2.0km/h (1.2mph).
Cancel switch (CANCEL)
The cruise control system is temporarily disengaged by pushing the "CANCEL" switch.
Cruise speed canceled by this switch can be recovered by pushing the "RES/+" switch.
Trouble Symptom Charts

Trouble Symptom 1
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Trouble Symptom 2
Trouble symptom Probable cause Remedy
The set vehicle speed varies greatly upward or Malfunction of the vehicle Repair the vehicle speed sensor
downward speed sensor circuit system, or replace the part
"Surging" (repeated alternating acceleration and Check input and output signals at
deceleration) occurs after setting Malfunction of ECM
ECM
Trouble Symptom 3

Damaged or disconnected wiring of the Repair the harness or replace the
The CC system is not canceled when the brake pedal switch brake pedal switch
brake pedal is depressed Check input and output signals at
Malfunction of the ECM signals
ECM
Trouble Symptom 4
Damaged or disconnected
wiring of inhibitor switch input Repair the harness or
The CC system is not canceled when the shift lever is circuit repair or replace the
moved to the "N" position (It is canceled, however, when Improper adjustment of inhibitor switch
the brake pedal is depressed) inhibitor switch
Check input and output
signals at ECM
Trouble Symptom 5
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Temporary damaged or disconnected wiring of Repair the harness or replace
Cannot decelerate (coast) by using "SET/–" switch input circuit the "SET/–" switch
the "SET/–" switch Check input and output signals
at ECM
Trouble Symptom 6
Damaged or disconnected wiring, or short Repair the harness or replace
Cannot accelerate or resume speed by circuit, or "RES/+" switch input circuit the "RES/+" switch
using the "RES/+" switch Check input and output
signals at ECM
Trouble Symptom 7
Malfunction of the Repair the vehicle speed
CC system can be set while driving at a vehicle speed of less vehicle-speed sensor sensor system, or replace the
than 40km/h (25mph), or there is no automatic cancellation at circuit part
that speed Malfunction of the ECM Check input and output
signals signals at ECM
Trouble Symptom 8
Damaged or disconnected bulb of cruise
The cruise main switch indicator lamp does not main switch indicator lamp Repair the harness or
illuminate (But CC system is normal) replace the part.
Harness damaged or disconnected

Circuit Diagram
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Removal
1. Disconnect the battery (-) terminal.
2. Remove the air-bag module from the steering wheel. ( Refer to RT group)

3. Loosen the 4 screws for remove steering wheel rear cover (A).
4. Disconnect the cruise control switch connector (A).
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5. Remove the cruise control switch (A).
Inspection
Measuring Resistance
1. Disconnect the cruise control switch connector from the control switch.

2. Measure resistance between terminals on the control switch when each function switch is ON (switch is depressed).
Function switch Terminal Resistance
CANCEL 4-5 0Ω
SET/– 4-5 220Ω
RES/+ 4-5 910Ω
ON/OFF 3-5 3900Ω
3. If not within specification, replace switch.

Measuring Voltage
1. Connect the cruise control switch connector to the control switch.
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2. Measure voltage between terminals on the harness side connector when each function switch is ON (switch is
depressed).
Function switch Terminal Voltage
CANCEL 4-5 0V ~ 0.22V
SET/– 4-5 1.28V ~ 1.77V
RES/+ 4-5 2.78V ~ 3.22V
ON/OFF 3-5 -
3. If not within specification, replace switch.38

Engine Electrical System

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