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1, Hibernate-Introduction M r.Sek11arReddy
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Q) Where actually java i s used?

Q Java is used t o develop the enterprise applications
Q Enterprise means business organization
* Business organization provides servic2s
1 Q) What i s Enterprise Application?

* Computerizing business services ,.
1 Architecture o f Enterprise Application

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Controller Layer
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Client Layer
-. Presentation I
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J : -
Layer
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1 Client Layer:
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3 It is browser software.
i
1 Controller Layer:
1
I
P Receiving user request from client (calling request)
> Capturing the user provided data
P Validating the user input
1 Calls the business method t o get business services and get processed data
>
Ii >
Keep the processed data in memory(request/session/application scope)
Finally forwarding the request t o VIEW.
'~
IVote: should not write business-Logic/Data-Access-Logic in the Controller Layer. Because that is not reusable
Presentation Layer:
I/ P Receive the control from Controller Layer

P Generate the output by taking the data from memory(request/session/application scope), which is
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stored by controller layer

P Generated output will be given t o web-server, which intern return present the output t o browser
Business/Service Layer:
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O Receiving request from Controller Layer

1
P Contacting the Data Access Layer t o get the database data
3 Implementing the business logic
3 Return the control/processed-data t o Controller Layer
PersistentIData-Access Laver:
i Receiving the request from business Layer
I P Contacting database to get the database data
O Return the accessed data t o business Layer
I
Data Laver:
1 > It is a database.
- ' Q) What are t h e different logics available in Enterprise Application? I
I Presentation Logic: Logic used t o present the output/input. I
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Application/Controlling Logic: Logic used t o control the flow of application. I
/
1
I
Business Logic: Programmatical implementation of business rules is nothing but business logic. j
Data Access Logic: Logic used t o contact the Database.
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Q) What are t h e Sun Microsystems technologies and frameworks in enterprise application development?
.'
I
'I /
I
Controller Layer
Servlets
JSF
Presentation Layer
JSP
t
Business Layer
EJB2 session beans
EJB3 session beans
WIDB(Message Driven
Data Access Layer
JDBC
Ejb2 entity beans
Ejb3 entitys[JPA ] (java
Beans) persistence API)
' WEB-SERVICES
I Q) W h a t are t h e non-Sun Microsystems technologies and frameworks i n enterprise application

1 development?
1 1 Controller Layer Presentation Layer ~ u s i n e kLa-yer Data Access Layer
struts HTML Spring AOP Hibernate
Spring Web MVC Velocity Spring JEE lbatis
'I
'
-- Wicket
Tapestry
I
Flash
Freemarker
Flex
WEB-SERVICES Toplink
JDO
Spring DAO
Spring ORM
I I 1 ,
1 Objective of Hibernate: Developing Data access layer of an Enterprise application 1

I Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyderabad, Ph: 040-23746666,23734842
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1
, Hibernate-In troduction
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Q) What is persistence i n a java based enterprise application?
!
I > The process of storing enterprise data in t o relational database is Iknown as persistence
Q) What is the traditional style o f achieving persistence in java based enterprise application?
I
> Sending SQL statements t o the Database using JDBC API
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Q.) What are the iimitations o f the traditional approach?

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'i Application portability t o the Database is lost (Vendor lock: diff SQL statement for the db's)
1
3 Mismatches between Object oriented data representation and relat~onaldata representation are not
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I properly addressed
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3 Requires the extensive knowledge of DB
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P Manual operations on Resultset 7
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v For every problem while commun~catingwith the database (us~ng
JDBC), it throws same
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exception(java.sql.SQLException). As SQLException is checked exception, so we must write code in try-
,
;
I catch block or throws has t o be specified.
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> Need t o implement caching manually iI
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3 In the Enterprise applications, the data flow with in an application from class to class will be in the 1
form of objects, but while storing data finally in a database using JDBC then that object will be I
converted into text. Because JDBC doesn't transfer objects directly. I

'I
1! 4.) w h a t is an alternative for traditional approach?
/ > ORM (Object Relational mapping)
I > It is technique of mapping objected oriented data t o that of relational data
> Through ORM technique persistence services (database) are provided t o business layer in pure object
oriented manner by overcoming all limitations of the traditional approach I
I
Q.) W h a t is Hibernate?
& Hibernate is an ORM implementation

> Hibernate is an Open source
i b Hibernate is a framework
!I
> Hibernate invented by Gavin King. He also invented JBoss server and JPA
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Hibernate-In troduction Mr.SekharReddy ..-.

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3 Hibernate is a non-invasive framework, means it won't forces the programmers t o extend/implement

arly class/interface, and in hibernate we have all POJO classes so its light weight
k Hibernate can run w i t h or without server, I mean it will suitable for all types of applications (desktop
or web applications)
Q.) What is a framework?
A frameworl< is reusable semi finished application that can be customized t o develop a specific
application.
Q.)What are the features of hibernate?
9 Hibernate persists java objects into database (Instead of primitives)

1 9 It provides Database services in Database vendor independent Manner, so that java applications
I
I become portable across the multiple databases
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i 9 Hibernate generates efficient queries for java application t o communicate with Database i
I ,
9 It provides fine-grained exception handling mechanism. In hibernate w e only have Un-checked
I exceptions, so no need t o write try, catch, or no need t o write throws (In hibernate we have
.-
the translator which converts checked t o Un-checked)
1 3 it supports synchronization between in-memory java objects and relational records
I
> Hibernate provides implicit connection pooling mechanism !
I j
Hibernate supports Inheritance, Associations, Collections
I 3 Hibernate supports a special query language(HQL) which is Database vendor independent
1 9 Hibernate has capability t o generate primary keys automatically while we are storing the records into /
database i
1
1
>
>
Hibernate addresses the mismatches between java and database
Hibernate provides automatic change detection
1I
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9 Hibernate often reduces the amount o f code needed t o be written, so it lrnproves the productivity I
I i
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> Database objects (tables, views, procedures, cursors, functions ...etc) name changes will not affect
I hibernate code I
> Supports over 30 dialects

I
Hibernate provides caching mechanism for efficient data retrieval
I
-- > Lazy loading concept is also included in hibernate so you can easily load objects on start up time
1 > Getting pagination in hibernate is quite simple.
( > Hibernate Supports automatic versioning o f rows i

I
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9001 : 2000 Certified Company
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Hibernate-Introduction
- --- -- McSekharReddy
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iI 3 Hibernate provides transactional capabilities that can work with both stand-alone or java Transaction 1
1 API (JTA) imple~nentations...etc .
,
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i Hibernate supports annotations, apart from X M L
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,
II
Q.)What are the disadvantages of hibernate? 1
3 Since hibernate generates lots o f SQL statements at runtime so it is slower than pure JDBC
i \i. Hibernate is not much flexible in case of composite mapping. This is not disadvantage since
1 understanding of conlposite mapping is complex
/ P Hibernate does not support some type of queries which are supported by JDBC
1 9 Boilerplate code issue, actually we need t o write same code in several files i n the same application, ,'
I but spring eliminated this I
I
1
1 Hibernate Architecture
n
1
java application
A \L'
Hibernate API
I-+r- ---
H i l r e i n a l e E ngi n e .
- configuration file
I, D E C
'./
Data base
1
Java Application makes use of hibernate API methods calls t o inform the persistent needs t o
hibernate. Then Hibernate engine generate .lDBC code that corresponds t o the underlying DB by using
I-,
1l-
mapping file and configuration file information. I
I
II r. We can also find the architecture diagrams as follows ...
I
i 1
iL_. Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyderabad, Ph: 040-23746666, 23734842
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An IS0 9001 : 2000 Certified Company
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Page 5
-. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
JTA JNDl
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I Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyderabad, Ph: 040-23746666,23734842 i
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Page 6
2.
/ 3. < c l a s s n a m e = " E n t l t y c l a s s namev t a b l e = " t a b l e name I n d a t & a s e l ' >
< l d name="ld v a r l a b l e name" c o l u m n = " p r l m a r y column name l n d a t a b a s e " />
1 4.
1 5. 
1 6. 
' 7 . </class>
I 8.
, 9 . </hibernate-rnapplng>
Syntax O f Mapping Annotations:

1. @ E n t i t y
2 . @ T a b l e ( n a m e= " t a b l e name i n d a t a b a s e " )
3 . p u b l i c c l a s s EntityName {
4. @ Id
5. @Column(name= " p r i m a r y column name i n d a t a b a s e " )
6. p r i v a t e i n t idVariableName;
7.
8. @Column(name = "column name i n d a t a b a s e " )
9. p r i v a t e S t r i n g variableName1;
10. @Column(nams= "column name i n d a t a b a s e " )
11. p r i v a t e S t r i n g variableName2;
12. / / setters & g e t t e r s
13. 1
Q.) What i s hibernate configuration file?
i It is an X M L file in which database connection details (username, password, url, driver class name) and ,
Hibernate Properties(dialect, show-sql, second-level-cache ...etc) and Mapping file name(s) are t
specified t o the hibernate

I > Hibernate uses this file t o establish connection t o the particular database server
I i
1 Z Standard for this file is <hibernate.cfg.xml>
3 We must create one configuration file for each database we are going t o use, suppose if we want t o 1
ij
connect w ~ t h2 databases, like Oracle, MySql, then we must create 2 configuration files.
I
No. of databases we are using = That many number of configuration files I
I
I > We can write this configuration in 2 ways ...

o XML file
o Properties file(o1d style)
( > We don't have annotations t o write configuration details. Actually in hibernate l.x, 2.x we defined this j., \
1
I
configuration by using .properties file, but from 3.x XML came into picture. XNlL files are
I always recommended t o use.
Syntax Of Configuration xml:

1. < h i b e r n a t e - c o n f i g u r a t i o n >
2. <session-factory>
3.
4 . < ! - - R e l a t e d t o t h e c o n n e c t i o n START -->
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Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyderabad, Ph: 040-23746666,23734842
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' Q.) What i s hibernate mapping file?
3 In this f ~ l ehibernate application developer specify the mapping from entity class name to table name
and entity properties names t o table column names. i.e. mapping object oriented data t o relational
i
data is done in this f ~ l e I
i Z Standard name for this file is <domain-object-name.hbm.xml> I
I
r In general, for each domain object we create one mapping file
I Number of Entity classes = that many number of mapping xmls
I Z Mapping can be done using annotations also. If we use annotations for mapping then we no need t o I
write mapping file.
I
Z From hibernate 3.x version on wards it provides support for annotation, So mapping can be done in
t w o ways
o XML
o Annotations
Syntax Of Mapping xml:

1 1. <hibernate-napping>
i

5. <property name="connection.driver~~1a~s'~>Driver
Class Name </property>
6 . <property name="connection.url">URL </property>
7 . <property name="connection.user">user </property>
8 . <property name="connection.password~l>pa~~~~rd</property~
9 . < ! - - Related to the connection END -->
10.
11. < ! - - Related to hibernate properties START -->
12 . <property name="show-sqll'>true/false</property>
13 . <property name="dialettt>Databasedialet class</property>
14 . <property name="hbm2ddl. auto ">create/update or what ever</property>
15. < ! - - Related to hibernate properties END-->
16.
17. < ! - - Related to mapping START-->
18. <mapping resource="hbm file 1 name .xml" / >
19. <mapping resource="hbm file 2 name .xml" / >
20. < ! - - Related to the mapping END -->
21.
22 . </session-factory>
23 . </hibernate-conf iguration>
'
I
Q.) What are the Simple Hibernate Application Requirements?

I -.
1 1 Entity class
2 . Mapping file(Required if you are not using annotations)
i 3. Configuration file
4. DAO class (Where we write our logic to work with database)
I
I1 i
Setting hibernate environment
;To work with hibernate framework we need t o add .jar(s) files provided by that framework to
I
I
'
I j our java application.
( 1 i No framework-is installable software, it means we doesn't contain any setup.exe
I 'i When we download any framework, we will get a 'zip' file and we need t o unzip it, to get the required 1.
i
jar files, actually all frameworks will follow same common principles like ... 1
j
!
o Framework will be in the form of a-set of jar files, where one jar file acts as main (We can call !
this file as core) and remaining will acts as dependent jar files.
I
1
o Each Framework contain at least one configuration xml file, but multiple configuration files also
allowed.
i
> We can download hibernate jar files from the following links. Based on requirement we can download
the corresponding version.
o For version 2.x (http://sourceforge.net/projects/hibernate/files/hibernate2/)
o For version 3.x (http://sourceforge.net/proiects/hibernate/f1les/hibernate3/)
o For version 4.x (http://sourceforge.net/projects/hibernate/f1Ies/hibernate4/)
> While dowr~loadingselect .zip file for windows environment, select .tar flle for unix environment. 1
j
Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyderabad, Ph: 040-23746666, 23734842 1:
I
An IS0 9001 : 2000 Certified Company - --- 1
Page 9
- - Hibernate-Introduction
After downloading the zip file, unzip it and we can find the required jars in the extracted folder. If we consider
4.x version, we need the following jars to work with hibernate application.
NOTE: Along with the hibernate jars we must include one more jar file, which is nothing but related to our database, this
, is depending on your database. For example, if we are working with Oracle we need t o add ojdbc6.jar.
-
4.) W h a t are t h e Steps t o develop h i b e r n a t e applications?
1' Step 1: Develop persistent/domain/entity class f o r each table o f t h e relational m o d e l

-
Step 2: For each entity develop a mapping file
i Step 3: Develop the configuration file
Step 4: Add hibernate f r a m e w o r k jar files i n t h e classpath

1
/ Step 5: M a k e use of hibernate API and p e r f o r m persistent operations
4.) H o w t o M a k e use o f hibernate API t o p e r f o r m persistent'operations?
I STEP1: Create Configuration object
Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
STEP2: Read configuration f ~ l ealong w i t h m a p p i n g files using configure() rnethod o f Configuration Object
I
configuration.configure();
1 S'rEP3: Build a SessionFactory f r o m Configuration
I
SessionFactory factory = configuration.bhildSessionFactory();
!-
STEP4: Get Session f r o m SessionFactory object
Session session = factory.openSession();
I STEP5: P e r f o r m persistence operations

I
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Page 10-
Hibernate-Introduction
The Session interface provides methods t o perforni CRUD (Create Read Update Delete) operations o n
,.. -
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I the instances of mapped entity classes. Perform transactions if require while performing D M L : : I
operations. Session interface methods are ...
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, STEP6: Close t h e session
I Final .flow will be ...
Sa:ssiul-1
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Close Statet?lents
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Page 11
Hibernate-CRUD- Application
.
- By Mr. SeltharRedcly
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4.) Develop Hibernate application, i n w h i c h w e can p e r f o r m account creation, retrieve, update a n d delete?
SQL Script
CREATE TABLE ACCOLIkIT (
ACCNO NUMBER ( 5 ) IUOT NULL,
NAME VARCHAR2 (20) NOT NULL,
BA L NUMBER(8,2) NOT NULL,
CREATION-DT DATE NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY ( ACCNO )
1
i ACCOUNT TABLE
E: :-'.L CREAT IOI I-DT
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hibernate.cfg.xml
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1 1 . <?xml version='l.O1 encoding='UTF-8'?>
2 . <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
I 3.
4.
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//ENM
"http:/>hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtdIT>
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: Hibernate-CRUD-Application
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j 14. </property>
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1 21. ; P r o p e r :.,. ;, -..,..= ":.I -. s c l l " > t r u e update</pr-i>;..sr~;:;:,
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i 23. t r ~ e 
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i 25. <~nappLngre~~~ur~:~="c~~m/sekharit/hibsrnate/mappitig/Ar-cc~ur: t .
1 26. </session-factor;-:.
1 27.
I
i 28. </hibernate-configura:~311:.
j 29.
I
j SessionUtil.iava
1, package corn.sekharit.hibernate.ur;il;
1 2.
3. import org.hibernate.Session;
1 4. import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
1 5.
1 6. public class SessionUtil {
1 7.
1 8. private static final ThreadLocaI<Session>threadLocaI = new ThreadLocaI<Session>();
I
9. private static org.hibernate.SessionFactory sessionFactory; ,

! 10. .
,
\
11. static {
j 12. try { .
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I ::: sessionFactory = new Configuration().configure( 1-
1 ii } catch (Exception e) {
1
"com/sekharit/hibernate/config/hibernate.cfg.xmI").buildSessionFactory();
e.printStackTrace();
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11 18,
19.
20.
}
private Sessionutilo {
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21. }
1 22.
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23.
24.
public static Session getThreadLocalSession() {
Session session = (Session) threadLocal.get(); II
25.
26.
27.
if (session == null) {
session = sessionFactory.openSession();
j11 _
!
28. threadLocaI.set(session);
!
29. }
!1 :;: 30.
}
. return session; 1
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33. ?I
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34.
public static void closeThreadLocaISession() {

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! An I S 0 9001 : 2000 Certified Company I

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Hibernate-CRU D Application By Mr. ~ e l t l ~ a r ~ e d d ~
Session session = (Session) threadLocal.get();

tlireadLocal.set(nulI);
if (session != null) {
session.close();
1
1
public static Session getsession() (
return ses~ionFactory.openSession();
1
public stat~cvoid closeSession(Sessionsession) {
if (session != null) {
session.close();
1
1
--
,
Account.java
1. package com.sekharit.hibernate.bean;
I
- 2.
/ 3. import java.ut~l.Date;
4.
1 5. public class Account {
6. private long accno;
1 7. private Str~ngname;
8. private double balance;
private Date creat~onDate;
I9.
10.
,11. public long getAccno() {
return accno;
1
public void setAccno(long accno) {
this.accno = accno;
1
public String getName() {
return name;
1
public void setName(String name) {
24. this.narne = name;
I 25. )
26.
1 27, public double getBalance() {
28. return balance;
I
I 29. 1
1
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page~---'
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I Hibernate-CRUD Application
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1 30.
1
!
31.
32.
33.
public void serBalance(double balance) {
1
this.balance = bala~ce;
35. public Date getCreationDate0 {

return creationDate;
37. }
I
1 38.
39. public void setCreationDate(Date creationDate) {
1
40. this.cr?ationDate = creationDate;
41. }
42.
43. @Override
1 44. public String tostring() {
1 45.
46.
return "Account [accno='! t accno + ", balance=" + balance
+ ", creationDate=" + creationDate + ", name=" + name + "I";
1 47.
48. I
}
Account. hbm.xml
1. <?xml version="l.O" encoding="UTF-8"?>
/1 2. <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.O//ENU

3. "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd" >
4. <hibernate-mapping schema="SYSTEM" >
1 5. <class name="com.sekharit.hibernate.bean.Account" table="ACCOUNT">
<id name="accno" type="longU >
<column name="ACCNOUlength="SU not-null="true" ></column>
,
</id>
<property name="nameUtype="stringM >
10. <column name="IUAMEUlength="2OVnot-null="trueV ></column>
11. </property>
12. <property name="balanceUtype="doubleU >
13. <column name="BALNprecision="8" scale="2" not-null="trueN></column?
14. </property>
15. <property name="creationDate" type="dateM>
16. <column name="CREATION-DT" not-nllll="true" ></column>
17. </property>
18. </class>
19. </hibernate-mapping>
AccountDAO.iava
1. package com.sekharit.hibernate.da0;
2.
3. import 0rg.hibernate.HibernateException;
4. import org.hibernate.Session;
5. import 0rg.hibernate.Transaction;
1 ::
1
import com.sekharit.hibernate.bean.Account;
8. import com.sekharit hibernate.util.5essionUtil;
llaresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyderabad, Ph: 040-23746666,23734842

An I S 0 9001 : 2000 Certified Company
--- - --.- -- - -
Page 4
- - Hi. bernate-CRUD Application
.- . By Mr. SeltharReddy
---
wi.e-ii-ii-l
9.
10. pcrbl~cclass AccountDAO {
3 1. ( ~ u b l l Account
c get(long accno) {
12.
13. Sess1011session = null;
, 14. Account account = null;
15. try {
I 16. session = SessionUtil.getSess~on();
I 17. account = (Account) session.get(Account.class, accno);
, 18. } catch (HibernateException e) {
I 19. e.printStackTrace();
20. } f~nally{
1 21. SessionUtil.closeSession(session);
22. 1
1 23.
24. return account;
j 25. }
26.
27. p u b l ~ cv o ~ d~nsert(Accountaccount) {
i 28.
1 29. Session session = null;
I30. try {
7 31. session = SessionUtll.getSession();
I 32. session.getTransaction().begin();
33. session.save(account);
134. session.getTransaction().cornm~t();
35. } catch (HibernateException e) {
136. session.getTransaction().rolIback();
37. e printStackTrace0;
138. } f~nally{
39. SessionUtil.cl~seSession(session);
1 40. }
I 41. }
42.
I 43. p u b l ~ cvoid update(Acc0unt account) {
44. Session session = null;
I 45. try {
46. session = SessionUtil.getSession();
1 47. sess~on.getTransact~on(). beg~n();
48. session.update(account);
1 49. session.getTransaction().comrnit();
50. } catch (HibernateException e) {
( 51. session.getTransaction().rollback();
-- 52. e.printStackTrace();
I 53.
54.
} f~nally{
SessionUtil.closeSession(session);
55. 1
I 56. }
57.
1 58. public void delete(long accno) {

-- - -
PagT5-
-.-- -.-- - -- -. - -- .-- - . -. .- --- -. -
Hibernate-CRUD Application B Mr.Sel<harRecldy --
Session session = null;

Tramaction transaction = null;
try I
session = SessionUtil.getSession();
transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Account account = (Account) session.get(Account.class, accno);
session.delete(account);
transaction.commit();
} catch (HibernateException e) {
transaction.rolIback();
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
SessionUtil.closeSession(session);
1
i AccountService.iava
I 1. package com.seltharit.hibernate.service;
3. import java.util.Date;
I1 5.
6.
import corn.sekharit.hibernate.bean.Account;
import corn.sel~harit.hibernate.dao.AccountDA0;
/ 7.
8. public class Accountservice {
9. public static void main(String[] args) { -
I
10. AccountDAO dao = new AccountDAO();
11.
12. // Retrieve Account
13. Account rAccount = dao.get(90001);
1 ::: 14.
17.
Svstern.out,println("Account details ....");
Systern.out.println("Accno : " + rAccount.getAccno());
System.out.println("Name : " + rAccount.getName());
System.out.println("8alance : " + rAccount.getBalance());
1 18.
19.
20.
Systern.out.println("Creation Date: " + rAccount.getCreationDate());
// Create Account
21. Account cAccount = new Account();
22. cAccount.setAccno(90005);
23. c~ccount.set~ame("sekhar");
24. cAccount.setBalance(6899);
25. cAccount.setCreationDate(new Date());
1 26. dao.insert(cAccount);
1 27. System.out.println("Account created successfully");
I
28.
29. // Update Account
30. Account uAccount = new Account();
31. uAccount.setAccno(90003);
32. uAccount.setName("sekhareddy");

---
Page 6
I--, Hibernate-CRUD Application ---
. . . . . . . -- -- -- By Mi-.
. .
Sel;ha~-Reddy
. . . .
!
33. uAccount.setBalance(4500);
34. uAccount.setCreationDate(new Date());
35. dao.update(uAccount);
36. System.out.println("Account updated successfully");
37.
38. // Delete Account
39. dao.delete(90002);
40. System.out.println("Account is deleted successfully");
41.
42. }
43. }
After Execution ACCOUNT TABLE :

,-*. .
.,-.c c- 1.10 Il.,\li.lE E:AL CREhT 101I-UT
?
; ;
t I:i.:a>, ?:-eddy 69541.03 5: 29,'21:1!::
9l:ll:lOj ~e\;tllll-edjj' 45i10 j!Z?jLI:l]z
!21:11:105 5el:hal- 6Sgg 5 2 9 j i C 1 1 2
1 Q.) R e w r i t e t h e above application, using a n n o t a t i o n s instead o f m a p p i n g file?
d . . * cctn.rtkb~arit.hih~rnatr.utiI
'
. .:
:.i Ser-~ian!JtiI,~a~.~a
,. . .
r-:.
:,.-J. JRE S y . ~ t i i Li ~i b r a y ,...;;a::,:. . ,
--
...... H i t x r n a t e 3.3 Annctation': F,t Entit!. I:;lanagel
i,. Hitlel-nate 3.3 C n r e Libraries
LI ~ i Rj e f e r ~ t i c e dLihrariel:
080 c<clbclJ,jar
lib
3 . . ,.
1 .
hibernate.cfg.xml
.
: 1. <?xml version='l.O' encoding='UTF-8'?>
1 2 . <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
-- 3. "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//ENn
4. "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.O.dtd"~
I 5.
6. <hibernate-configuration>
9. <property.... / >
............
! Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyderabad, Ph: 040-23746666,23734842

Page I
~ . - .. -
i1 - Hibernate-CRUD Application --
By Mi-.
Sekhal-lieddy.-:- ,
/ -. . -.'%-*au#A&.Lcas* -*=--&= i
I
~' -,
; 23. 1
24. 'A
! 25. public void setAccno(1ong accno) {

j 26. this.accno = accno; ,,
' 27. }
1 28. I?
! 29. @Column(name = "NAME", nullable = false, length = 20) .,

30. public String getName() {
,--..
31. return name;
32. }
! 33.
, .
I
: 34. public void setName(String name) {
1 35. this.name = name;
~.
j 36. } !
i 37. I
I 38. @Column(name = "BAL", nullable = false, precision=8, scale=2) \.

I
1 39. public double getBalance() { I
) 40. return balance; \
41. } 1
1 42.
/
,
1
j
I
43. public void set~alance(doublebalance) { I
44. this. balance = balance; -

I
45. }
.,
1
I
46.
x.
\
47. @TemporaI(TemporaIType.DATE)
I !
1
i
I 48.
49.
50.
@Column(name = "CREATION-DT", nullable = faise)
public Date getSreationDate() {
return creationDate;
.,
\
1 I
\
.
,
51. } i-
52.
h
1, :.
53. public void setCreationDate(Date creationDate).{ ,I* .
!
54; this.creation[>ate = creationDate; 1.-
55. }
1
I
56. i
1
57. @Override
1
1
58. public String tostring() {
59. return "Account [accno=" t accno + ",balance=" + balance 1,
"I"; l~
1
60. t ",creationDate=" + creationDate + ", name=" + name +
61. } i
:I1
62.
, 63. 1
Account.hbm.xml
---NOT REQUIRED--- \-
I,
AccountDAO.java !
I,
---Same As Above--- I -
i
I
AccountService.iava I!
---Same As Above--- 1 ' -
/
/r I
I
Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyderabad, Ph: 040-23746666, 23734842 i
I
An I S 0 9001 : 2000 Certified Company \
-- _ _ _ _ 1
Page 9
-
-. -- - - -. -- -- --- - -- -- -- - ---- - --- - - - - ----
H ibernate-CRUD Application B v MI-. ~ e l t h a r ~ e c l d v -
Hibernate - The type Annotationconfiguration is deprecated

I
I Problem
I
Working with Hibernate 3.6, noticed the previous "org.hibernate.cfg.Annotat~onConf~gu~-at~on",
1s marked a s
"deprecated".
Code snippets ...
org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration;
private static SessionFactory buildSessionFactory() {

try 1
1 return new AnnotationConfiguration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
} catch (Throwable ex) {

I
! System.err.println("Initial SessionFactory creation failed." + ex);

-
throw new ExceptionlnlnitializerError(ex);
I
1
-
.I
The code is still working, just keep displaying the deprecated warning message, is there any replacement for
I "AnnotationConfiguration" ?
I
i Solution
Q In Hibernate 3.6, "org.hibernate.cfg AnnotationConfigurat~on"is deprecated, and all its functiona!~tyhas been
! moved t o "org.hibernate.cfg.Conf~gurat~on".
I 4 SO, you can safely replace your "AnnotationConfiguration" with "Configuration1' class.
I Code s n i ~ ~ e...
ts
! /import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
I...
private static SessionFactory buildSessionFactory() {
I try 1
return new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
1 } catch (Throwable ex) {
I
System.err.println("Initial SessionFactory creation failed." + ex);
throw new ExceptionlnlnitializerError(ex);
1
I
Page 10
-- .- -- - - -- - - - _-- _ __ . ,,
Hibernate-CRUD
-.-
Application By Mr.SeltharRedciy
-- --- .--
- -- -.
___a 4
-
'
-- I
A
Account" />
. .
SessionUtil.java
1. package com.sekharit.hibernate.uti1; I
," -
' 2, import org.hibernate.Session;
3. import org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration; ,i .
4. public class SessionUtil { % .
I
5. I
,'
6. private static final ThreadLocal<Session> threadLocal = new ThreadLocaI<Session>();
7.
8.
private static org.hibernate.SessionFactory sessionFactory; ,I
9.
10.
static {
try {
I
:I
'
! 11. sessionFactory = new AnnoationConfiguration().configure(
: 12. "com/sekharit/hibernate/config/hibernate.cfg.xmI").buildSessionFactory(); -
, 13. } catch (Exception e) {

I
14. e.printStackTrace(); ,"
-
15. }
I
1 16. } ,
I
\
1 17. ...........................
1 18. ........................... r
Account.iava
1. package com.sekharit.hibernate.bean;
2.
3. import-java.util.Date;
4.
5. import javax.persistence.Column;
I 6. import javax.persistence.Entity;
1 7. importjavax.persistence.ld;
I 8. importjavau.persistence.Table;
1 9. import javax.persistence.Tempora1;
' 10. import javax.persistence.TemporalType;
i1 11. @Entity
12. @Table(name="ACCOUIVT") .
1 13. public class Account {
1 14. private long accno;
15. private String name;
16. private double balance;
17. private Date creationDate;
1
18.
' 1 9 . @Id
20. @Column(name = "ACCNO", nullable =true, length=5)
21. public long getAccno() {
22. return accno;

. . . . . . . . . .- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
An
-
IS0
..
9 0 0 1 : 2000 Certified -Company
-.
.- .-- --.
~a g e 8 . '
' ' Hibernate-Arcl~itect~~ral
Elements
,
I
Q.) Explain more about hibernate.cfg.xml (configuration file)?
I .
3 This xml file used t o specify locations of mapping files/Entities

I > In projects we don't give the database details(ur1, username, password, driverclass) in the
I configuration file, instead of that, we give JNDl name of DatatSource.
<property name="connection.datasource"~myDataSourceI\lame~/property~
I
9 Hibernate slupports default connection pooling but which will not be used in projects We use always
1 server provided connection pooling.
I I) connection.pool-size: Used t o configure hibernate provided connection pooling in hibernate.cfg.xml :
I
I
I
2) show-sql: if the 'show-sql' value is true we can view all the hibernate generated queries in the
console.
I <property n a m e = " s h o w ~ s q l " ~ t r u e ~ / p r o p e r t y ~
I
-- 3) use-sql-comments : To add SQL comment t o the SQL query generated by Hibernate
I <property name=" u s e ~ s q l ~ c o m m e n t s " > t r u e ~ / p r o p e r t y ~
I
-
4) format-sql : Format the SQL ql;ery, so that easy t o read
1 <property name format-sqln>true</property>
5) hbm2ddl.auto: It has t w o values

I a. create or create-drop
b. update
a,) Create: If its value is create while running the application

!
Case 1:table does not exist
i Create new schema based on the mapping file configurations
Case 2: table exists

i
Drop the existing schema and create a new schema based on the mapping file configurations
I b.) Update: If its value is update while running the application

Case 1: table doesn't exist
I
Create a n e w schema based on t h e mapping file configura.tions
-
I Case 2 : table exists
i Use the existing schema
1 > If i t s value is 'create' while running the application hibernate will drop t h e old schema and it will
create the new schema. (Based o n HBlVl file)
I
-. - -- An IS0 9001 : 2000 Certified Company
------ -
Page1
I
3 If its value is 'update', hibernate will check for schema existence. If schema doesn't exist it will I
I
create the new schema. If the schema already exists it uses the existing schema for persistence
operations.
Q.) What do you know about dialect in Hibernate?
P Dialect class is a simple java class, which contains mapping betweerr java language data type and
database data type. i
/ P Dialect class contains queries format for predefined hibernate methods I

2 Hibernate generates queries for the specific database based on the Dialect class. If you want t o shift 1
from one database t o another just change the Dialect class name in hibernate.cfg.xml file. 1
I
1 9 All Dialect classes must extend 'Dialect' (abstract) class !

i
1 9 Hibernate supports almost 30 dialect classes.
9 If we want we can write our o w n dialect by extending Dialect class
I
Dialect class i s used convert HQL queries into database specific queries.
I

I
1
I.
\
--- - - -- 1-
Page 2
Hibernate-Arcl~itecturalElements
DB2 AS1400 org.hibernate.dialect.DB2400Dialect

DB2 05390 org.hibernate.dialect.DB2390Dialect
PostgreSQL org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQLDialect
1 MySQL org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect
I
MySQL with InnoDB 1 org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5lnnoDialect
I I Oracle (any version) org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle8iDialect I
' oracle 9i org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle9;Dialect

1 1 oracle l o g org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect
/ '
1
1 Sybase org.hibernate.dialect.SybaseDialect
> Sybase Anywhere 1 I
org.hibernate.dialect.SybaseAnywhereDialect
I
1 I Microsoft SQL Server / org.hibern;te.dialect.~~~server~ialect
I
TI Microsoft SQL Server 2008 I org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServer2008Dialect I

I
I
I I SAP DB 1 org.hibernate.dialect.SAPDBDialect 8
,
!
I
HypersonicSQL 1 org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect
I I-
1 1
I I lngres org. hibernate.dialect.lngresDialect I
1 Progress org.hibernate.dialect.ProgressDialect
-1 I
Mckoi SQL I org.hibernate.dialect.MckoiDialect
I
I
I
I lnterbase org.hibernate.dialect.lnterbaseDialect 1 !
I
Pointbase
i org.hibernate.dialect.PointbaseDialect I
FrontBase org.hibernate.dialect.FrontbaseDialect
1/ Firebird org.hibernate.dialect.FirebirdDialect
..A
I
Q.) Explain m o r e a b o u t Hibernate mapping file?
I
> Each hibernate mapping file must contain only one <id> (or relevant t a g <composite-id>)
> Java object identified uniquely by t h e <id> tag property.
I > <id> tag property corresponding column can be primary key or non-primary key in t h e database
II
> In mapping file class names and property names are case sensitive. But Table names and column
!
names are n o t case sensitive. 1
I
!
-- PTe- 2-..
.-
, ~
~~ . - ~ ~ . .~ ~ . ~ ~ ' ,
j Hibernate-Archi tectul-a1
. . . . .-~
...
Elements -- Mr.SekharRecidy-La,D . - .
i - \
\
I
Ii P When the property name and column name both are same we no need t o give 'column' a t t r i b u t e :,-
r When the Pers~stentclass name and table name both are same we no need t o give 'table' a t t r ~ b u t e
r Generally we write one mapping f ~ l eper one domain object. But i t allows writing multiple objects -
mapping information within the same mapping file. Per each class mapping we need t o write one
<class> tag.
r Databases have different ways t o organize i t s tables. Some database places all tables in a different
I "schemas", some database places all tables in a different "catalogs". If we want we can specify this in
<class> tag of the mapping file
i 9 In mapping file we write fully qualified name of the entity class in "name" attribute of <class> tag.
Instead of that we can write package name separately using "package" attribute of <hibernate-
mapping> tag
P In the mapping file we no need t o map all t h e properties of the entity and all the columns of table. As
per our requirement we configure required properties of the entity and columns of the table
1 Q.) Explain about annotations which are used in our application t o m a p entity t o table?
I P In our examples if we observe, we used the following annotations
I
I o @Column
---we----

Page 4
~ pppp-.- .
.
. . .
8 _n
x
.&
Hibernate-AI-chitectural
lr... -~ ..
Elements
, ..I
~r.~ekl~ai-~ecldy
- -. -..
-
o @GeneratedValue
o @Temporal
/- All the above annotations we are taking from java.persistence package. Actually this paclcage is not
the part of hibernate API. This paclcage is from .IPA(Java Persistence API).
> These annotations also given by hibernate. But we don't prefer t o use hibernate given annotations.
We prefer t o use .lPA annotations. Reason for this is, Hibernate is a specific API, where as ]PA is a
specification.
If we use JPA annotations we have t o flexibility t o change the implementation vendor without
changing application code.
i > .IPA is an APl(from SUN), its not the implementation. There are multiple implementations are there
for ]PA. Some of famous implementation of ]PA are Open.lPA, Hibernate, Toplink Essentials, Eclipselinlc
...etc.
' 4.)What is Configuration object?
> Object Oriented representation of hibernate configuration file along w i t h mapping file is known as
-
Configuration object
-
1
3 By default Hibernate reads configuration file w i t h name "hibernate.cfg.xml" which is located in
"classes" folder
I
9 If we want t o change the file name or i f we want change the location of "hibernate.cfg.xml" then we
need t o pass user given configuration file name (along with path) t o "configure()" method of
1 Configuration class
1 P Configuration object Stores the configuration file data in different variables. Finally all these
variables are grouped and create one high level hibernate object called SessionFactory object.
I
P So Configuration object only meant for creating SessionFactory object
I
> If w e want w e can provide the configuration information programmatically, without writing
I configuration file.(But it will become Hard coding, so not advisable)
1 Programmatic configuration
I Adding mapping files t o configuration object programmatically
-- Configuration cfg = new Configuration()

1 .addResource("ltem.hbm.xml")
.addResource("Bid.hbm.xml");
- . -
I
Adding Entities(anrl0tated persistent classes) t o configuration object programmatically

I. . . . ..
. . . . .
Page 5
-- - - . ~. - ..-~-
-. . - - -.
- . - - -. --- -. --. . -.
I
--- Elements
Iiibel-nate-AI-chitectul-a1
-- MI-.SekharRectciy
1- . . -
-- ., - . . . --- - .- . . --- - .. ----
,. . -... ~
. ..- .. .
m.JI,X,
,. ,
I Configuration cfg = new Configuration()
..
.addClass(org.hibernate.auction.ltem.class)
.addClass(org.hibernate.auction.Bid.class);
i
i
) To add hibernate properties t o Configuration object programn~atically
Configuration cfg = new Configuration()

.addClass(org.hibernate.auction.ltem.class)
.addClass(org.hibernate.auction.Bid.class)
.setProperty('hibernate.diaIect", "org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL11~noDBDialect")
.setProperty("hibernate.connection.datasource", "java:comp/env/jdbc/test")
.setPr~perty("hibernate.order~updates", "true");
This is not the only way t o pass configuration properties t o Hibernate. Some alternative options include:
1. Pass an instance of java.utiI.Properties t o Configuration.setProperties().

2. Place a file named hibernate.properties in a root directory of the classpath.
3. set System properties using java -Dproperty=value.
4. Include <property> elements in hibernate.cfg.xm1 (this i s discussed later).
If you want t o get started quickly hibernate.properties is t h e easiest approach.
The org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration i s intended as a startup-time object t h a t will be discarded once -
aSessionFactory I S created.
I Q.) What i s SessionFactory?
SessionFactory is an interface and SessionFactorylmpl is the implimented class

It is factory of Session objects
It is heavy weight object t h a t has t o be created only once per application. SessionFactory object
provides lightweight Session objects.
SessionFactory is not singleton. Lets create it only once using Util/Helper class
SessionFactory is a Thread safe object.
You need one SessionFactory object per database. So if you are using multiple databases then you would have
to create multiple SessionFactory objects.
SessionFactory is also responsible for second-level caching.
Q.) In one appl~catlon,how many SessionFactory objects I can use ?

> ASessionFactory is pretty heavyweight, so, we recommend creat~ngone and caching it in a singleton type of
way. Then, you can create as many Session objects from it as you like.
Q.) Why SessionFactory is heavy weight?

P SessionFactory encapsulates Session objects, Connections, Hibernate-properties, cashing and
mappings.
- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - -
- -- - - -
Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyarn Theatre, Arneerpet, Hyderabad, Ph: 040-23746666,23734842

--
An IS0-9001 : 2000 Certified Company -
~age6-
Hi bernate-Architectural Elements
Q.) What do you know Session object?
Session is an interface and Sessionlmpl is implemented class, both are given in orghibernate.";
r Session object is called persistent manager for the hibernate application.
r It i s a single-threaded(not-thread safe), short-lived object
> It Wraps a JDBC connection
r The Hibernate Session operates using a single JDBC connection which can be injected by the
hibernate while constructing session object.
I
> It has convenience methods t o perform persistent operations.
r It is a factory for Transaction objects
r Holds a mandatory (first-level) cache of persistent objects

I
Note: After we complete the use of the Sesslon, ~t has t o be closed, t o release all the resources such as
associated objects and wrapped JDBC connection.
,
-
4.) What i s Transaction ?
-.
r Transaction used by the application t o specify atomic units of work (Transaction management).
- i Using Session Object we can create Transaction object in t w o ways.
o Transaction transaction =Session.getTransaction();
o Transaction transction = session.beginTransaction();
> Transaction object is unique per session object.

> Transaction interface defines following methods t o deal w i t h transactions.
o transaction.begin() {Transaction beginning)
o transaction. commit(); { successful transaction ending )
o transactin.ro!lback(); {un successful transaction ending )
> Default auto commit value is false in Hibernate.
r Default auto commit value is true in JDBC
3 In hibernate even t o execute one DML operation also we need t o implement Transactions.
> Hibernate supprots
o JDBC Transaction.
o jTA Transaction.
o Spring Transaction
- Sample transaction code is as follows ...

I
- 1. Session = sessionFactory.openSession();
I 2. Transaction t x = null;
3. tv {
4. tx = session.beginTransaction();
I 5. // DML operations
6. tx.commit();
I 7. ) catch(Exception e) {
-1
. ..- ..- - .--.-- . . ...
....--..-. . - .. --. --
-- --
Page 7
1 Hibernate-Architectural Elements . , Mr.Se1tharRecldy
-- -- --=A. s -
1 Q.) Why we have written SessionUtil class?

C When some common logic i s repeat~ngacross the rnult~pleclasses of an application, ~t IS better t o
1
move the common logic into some util class. Where ever we need that common logic we make use of
i util class. I
!
i 0 SessionFactory is heavy weight and it's n o t singleton, so we should make one SessionFactory per
I
1
database. i
i
I
0 Using Util /Helper class w e read the configuration file only once and we create one SesisonFactory
and we are providing fac~lityt o get session object and t o close session object.
.
I
/ Hibernate complete architecture

Read !
! I
.mEC'
, C'scatc A
.-
i
Scssiorl Factor?.
TJses
I 1 DAI~I~:,SC
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!:
configure a database driver in eclipse:
> Launch o r open MyEclipse Database Explorer prospective. In the DB Browser window right click on
1 the white place and select "new " option. iL
/ O When w e choose t h e new option, it will launch database driver dialog box. Now we need t o fill t h e I
I following options in the dialog box. I
/ > Select driver template as oracle(thin driver), if we are using oracle database.
Give the driver name (logical name, which i s used t o refer this configuration) 1
I
1
I
Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyderabad, Ph: 040-23746666,23734842 1
An I S 0 9001 : 2000 Certified Company J
Page 8
Hibernate-Architectural E l e i ~ ~ e i ~ t s
I
3 Give the connection url.
3 Give the username and password. I
> Click on Add Jars button, t h e n se!ect classes.jar file !
I- Click on save password

> CIick on finish
Hibernate Reverse engineering

> Open Myeclipse database explorer prospective.
i Select t h e database driver which w e have created and r i g h t click o n i t and select open connection
i It will display a dialog box. Fill t h e required username a n d password.
1
1I
r Select appropriate schema where o u r tables are stored
> Right click o n t h e table and select "hibernate reverse engineering"
'i The above operation will display a dialog box i n t h a t
I
> w e need t o select t h e "java source folder (src)"
I
> select t h e java package and click on finish

-.
Page 9
; Object. Lifecycle
Hibernate-Persiste~~t . ." - - --
Mr.SekharReddy
, -
I ,
,
1
I
Persistent Object life cycle
1 Persistent Object has three life cycle states
1. Transient state
! 2. Persistent state
I
I
3. Detached state
I (-"]new - -instance
.-.-
Transient State
: 'L- --A -- --
I Session.get()
I j Session.load() Session.save() ; Session.delete()
Session.iterate() Session.saveOrUpdate() i
! arb age collection
Session. uniqueResult() Sc.ssion.persist()
I
1i :
B Session.scroll() : Session.merge()
f
1.
1 I
1
: Session.evict() Session.update()
!i Session.saveOrUpdate()
i : Session.clear()
t Session.merge() ~arbage'collection
i : Session.close()
1 Session.lock()
I
!
j Session.replicate() ,,(. '
/.',.
i Detached State
;
,
:
Life cycle\object description Object associate w i t h session Object present i n t h e database
/ Transient state NO
Persistent state YES YES
II Detached state
I
N0
I
YES
Note:
-
3 Object is associated w i t h session means object reference is available to the session object
9 Object present in t h e database means object identifier value i s available in database primary key column (Non
identifier column values are n o t matter)
Note: We can find the different diagrams for the persistent object life cycle as follows

An IS0 9 0 0 1 : 2000 Certified Company
Page 1
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Page 2
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..
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Transient state: An object is said t o be in transient state, when i t is not associated with session and not present in
data base.
Example: Table
ACCOUNT
1 ACCNO / NAME / BALANCE 1
I
I
1 1001
1002 1 kesavareddy
Sekhar 2000
1500
1
i Application code:
1. Account account = new Account();
2. account.setAccountld(1003);
3. account.setName("yellareddy");
1 4. account.set8alance(l500);
> In the above example account object is not associated with session and there is no matching record in the
ACCOUNT table. So we can say that account object is in transient state.
,
An IS0 9001 : 2000 Certified -
Company
-- - --
Page 3 --
' H i b e r n a t e - ~ e r s i s t e lObiect
~t Lifecvcle
i
3 In this state object is non-transactional. 1.e. object is not synchronized w i t h record. 1.e. IVlodifications done t o
1
1 entity, doesn't save into database.
( Persistent state: An object is said t o be in persistence state, when it is associated w i t h session as well as object present
in database.
I
- ' Example: Table
i ACCOUNT
ACCNO ( NAME 16iiEF

' 1
~
kesavareddy
Sekhar
( 1500 - y
I
' Application code:
I Account account = (Account) session.get(Account.class,1002);
P In the above example account object is associated with session and there is a matching record in ACCOUNT
! table. So we car: say that account object is i n persistent state.
P I n this state object is transactional. 1.e. t h e object is synchronized with database record.
II
P Changes made t o objects i n a persistent state are automatically saved t o t h e database without invoking session
1 persistence methods
'
I
USE CASE: Explains Persistent state
Session session =SessionUtil.getSession();
1 session.getTransaction()begin();
! // 'transient' state - Hibernate i s NOT aware t h a t it exists

-- -
Page 4.
-
1 Hibernate-Pel-sistei~tObiect Lifecvcle
- - -- -- - -
Mr.SekharReddv 1
/ Account account = new Accoui;t();
1
! //transition t o the 'persistent' state. Hibernate is N O W
1 // aware of the object and will save i t t o the database
I session.save(account);
1 // modification of the object will automatically be

// saved because the object is in the 'persistent'state
account.setBalance(500);
i // commit the transaction

session.getTransaction().co~nrnit();
I
/
USE CASE: Explains Transient state
sess~on.getTransaction().begin();
1 //retrieve account with id 1.account is returned i n a 'persistentJ state

, Account account = (Account) session.get(Account.class, 1);
// transition t o the 'transientJ state. Hibernate deletes the

// database record, and no longer manages the object
I session.delete(account);
// modification is ignored by Hibernate since it is in the 'transient' state

// commit the transaction

session.getTransaction().comrnit();
// notice the Java object is s t i l l alive, though deleted from the database.
// stays alive until developer sets t o null, or goes out of scope
I System.out.println(account.getBalance());
Detached state: An object is said t o be in detached state, when the object is not associated with session but present in
data base.
Example: Table
ACCOUNT
I ACCNO I N A M E I BALANCE 1
1001 1 kesavareddy / 15001
I 1002
I
. / Sekhar
I
2000 I
J
Application code :
3. account.setName("cherry");
IVaresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyderabad, Ph: 040-23746666, 23734842
An IS0 9001 : 2000
- .- -. -- -
Certified Company
-- - - - -.
- -- -
- -
Page 5
I
Hibernate-Persistent Object Lifecycle --
L"
Mr.Selt11arReddy
-- ~~-~~
-..----A -
4. account.setBalance(2100);
5. / / N o w the account object is said t o be in transient state
6. session.save(account);
7. // NOLVthe account object is said t o be in persistence state
. -,-
I Session
..... .......
..................
I
. .
... .. ...> __ ........
I i LOU2
lOUJ -
9. // Now the account object is said t o be in detached state.

account
.....
...................
......
.. ..
',. .. ,
I => In the above example after callingsession.close() method, account object is moved t o Detached state from persistent
state. As session i s garbage collected, i f we try t o perform some modifications t o entity object those changes will not be
/ stored into database.

-- --
Page 6
- ~ . .~ p-p-p-.-.----..... ~ . -~ --
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.~
.. . . . ,
Hibernate-Persistent
-- -. --- Object Lifecycle Mr.SeltharReddy.. -_
.... -... - ...
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,-,
'
=> In this state object is non-transactional. Means object is not in sync with database. So Changes made to detached
objects are not saved t o the database. -,
I
i USE CASE: Explains D e t a c h e d state 1
I
,
/
//retrieve account w i t h i d 1. account is returned i n a 'persistent' state
Account accoilnt = session.get(Account.class, 1);
i //transition t o the 'detached' state. Hibernate n o longer manages the object

I
i session.close();
1
I
// modification is ignored by Hibernate since it is i n the
//'detached1 state, but the account still represents a r o w i n the database
i // c o m m i t t h e transaction
session.getTransaction().commit();
1
/
USE CASE: Explains D e t a c h e d s t a t e
Session session1 =SessionUtil.getSession();
i
I
iI
// retrieve account w i t h i d 1.account is returned i n a 'persistent' state
Account account = sessionl.get(Account.class, 1);
// transition t o t h e 'detached'
Sessionl.close();
state. Hibernate no longer manages t h e object
I
I
// modification is ignored b y Hibernate since it is i n t h e
//'detached1 state, b u t t h e account still represents a r o w i n the database
/ account.setBalance(500);
// re-attach t h e object t o an open session, returning it t o t h e

//'persistent1 state and allowing its changes t o be saved t o t h e database
Session session2 =SessionUtil.getSession();
Session2.getTransaction(). begin();
session2.update(account);
11 // c o m m i t t h e transaction . "
I
j'
Saving Changes t o t h e Database
r3 Session methods d o NOT save changes t o t h e database

- save();
- update();
-- delete();
.-
page-7-
-- -. -
. -.
~- . - . - - - .---
i
~
: Hibernate-Persistent Object Lifecycle

- Mr.Selc11al-Reddy
--.
I -. . .. -.
a These methods actually SCHEDULE changes t o be made t o the database

O n c e Transaction committed, all the queries will be pushed t o t h e database
- session.getTransaction().commit();
The Persistence Context
4 Each Session object contains one Persistentcontext. It might be containing t h e follow things:
' Graph of managed persistent instances

i List of SQL statements t o send t o t h e database
i
I
' ~ l u s h i n tgh e Context
,! Submits the stoied SQL statements t o t h e database Occurs when:

, - transaction.commit() is called
1 - session.flush() is called explicitly
1 USE CASE :Scheduled Changes

( Session.getTransaction().begin();
// 'transient'
state - Hibernate is NOT aware that it exists
Account account = new Account();
//Transition t o t h e 'persistent' state. Hibernate is NOW

// a w a r e o f t h e object and
//schedules t h e insert statements t o create t h e object i n t h e database
session.save (account);
// modification o f t h e object w i l l automatically be saved scheduled

//because the object is i n t h e 'persistent' state
// (actually alters t h e initial insert statement since it hasn't been sent yet)
account .setBalance(500);
I //flushes changes t o t h e database and c o m m i t t h e transaction

session.getTransaction().commit();
1 Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyderabad, Ph: 040-23746666, 23734842
- An IS0 9001 : 2000 Certified Company
rage tr
--..- - - -. -- --- -
-. -
I H [be1nate-Session Methods Mr.SeltharReddv -
i Session m e t h o d s
I
1 I a m going t o use the following e n t i t y t o explain t h e session methods.

; 1, 9ackage corn.sekharit.hibernate.entity;
!
, 2.
j 3. import javax.persistence.Column;
, 4. ~ l n p o ijavax.pers~stence.Entity;
t
I
i 5. import javax.persistence.ld;
1 6. import javax.persistence.Table;
! 7.
1 8. @Entity
9. @Table(name= "ACCOUNT")
1 10. p~tblicclass Account (
I1 11.
12.
13.
private int accountld;
private String name;
private double balance;
i 14.
' 15. @Id
16. @Column(name = "ACCNO")
17. public int getAccountld() (
18. return accountld;
19. }
, 20.
public void setAccountld(int accountld) (
this.accountld = accountld;
25. @Column(name= "NAME")

1 26. public String getName() (
, 27. return name;
1 28. }
i1 :
31.
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
@Column(name = "BALANCE")
public double getBalance() {
return balance;
I
public void setBalance(double balance) (
this.balance = balance;
1
@Override
public String tostring() {
return "Account [accountld=" t accountld t ", name=" t name
t ", balance=" t balance t "I";

Page 1
1: -
4.)What are the differences between load() and get() methods?
Hibernate Session provides two method t o access object e.g. session.get() and session.load(). Both looked quite similar
t o each other but there are many differences between load and get method which can affect performance of our
application.
1.) Throws "org.hibernate.0bjectNotFoundException' if object is not found in cache as well as on database.
:Type hierarchy of 'org.hibernate.(3bjectNotFounilExcepti~ri':
- > As we can see the ObjectNotFoundException hierarchy, we can say this is un-checked exception.
.. .. So we no need t o
write try-catch block t o handle this exception.
-
/, 2) It is lazy loading, rrieans when we call session.load(Class, identifier) method i t will not return entity object, it will
return proxy object. When we try t o access the non-identifier properties from the proxy object, at that time it will hit
1
i the database and load the entity object.
i 3) As Session.load()return proxy instance, so it is not fully available in any future detached state.
4) Use this method if i t is sure that the objects exist.

I
5) It is just like EntityManager.getReference0 method of .lPA
i
I
1) It will return 'null'value, if object is not found on cache as well as on database.
I 2) It is early loading, Means when we call session.load(Class, identifier) method it will hit the database immediately and
i load entity object and return entity object.
I
3) As Session.get() returns a fully initialized instance, so i t is fully available in any future detached state.
I
, 4) Use this method if i t is not s u e that the objects exist.

I
I
5 ) It is just like EntityManager.find() method of JPA
'
1
NOTE: If working with detached objects is not needed, load() or getReference() can be used t o have better
1 performance.

Page 2
H i bei-nate-Session Methods
-,
I NOTE: Session.load() or EntityManager.getReference() should be used if a fully initialized instance is not needed, w h i c h
I
, saves a database roundtrip if nothing other than creation of an association is done, w i t h the proxied instance in --
rnailaged state
NOTE: load() method exists prior t o get() method which is added o n user request.
.',
4.) HOW to call g e t and load methods ?
: 50. public void callload(){
51. Session session = SessionUtil.getSession();
j _
52. session.beginTransaction();
53. try { i
1 54. Account account = (Account) session.load(Account.class,9001);
1 55. / / ~ this
t line put Break.point ... Now observe the console, After this line executed, iI
'
!
56.
57.
58.
/ / w e can't find any select statement. And if observe on the variables window, account object not initialized.
// Now account is just a proxy object.
i
1 59. System.out.println(account.getName());
I
1
60.
61.
//After this line yo" can find select query on the console, And now account object is initialized with database data. 1
( . 62. } catch (ObjectNotFoundException e) { 1
// System.out.println(account.getName{));
//This would fail!!!
publicvoid callGet() {
Session session = SessionUtil.getSession();
session.beginTransaction0;
Account account = (Account) session.gct(Account.class,9001);
// At this line put ~ r e a.p'oint...
k Now observe the console, After this line executed,
/ / w e can find select statement. And if observe on the variables window,
//account object initialized with database data
// System.out.println(account.getName());
// no problem!!!
W h e n t o use Session ~ e t and

0 l o a d 0 i n Hibernate
1. i f object present w e have t o implement some logic, if not w e need t o implement some other logic.
I get(): if the object is not there, it returns null. Then w e can implement above requirement as follows
I
if(object == null){
//some code
IL --
--
- --
Page 3
I
J-
~ ~
~p p~ - .... .-
. . Hibernate-Session Methods Mi-.Sel<hai-Reddy !
I
//some other code I
load(): if the object is not there it throws an exception. So we can't implement this requirerne~itusing load()
For the above requirement we go for get() method.
2. If you we want t o use the JavaBean that you are retrieving from the database after the database transaction has been
conimitted, you'll want to use the get method, and quite frankly, that tends t o be most of the time. For example, if you
load a User instance in a Servlet, and you want t o pass that instance t o a Java Server Page for display purposes, you'd
need to use the get method, otherwise, you'd have a LazylnitializationException in your JSP.
3. get() method could suffer performance penalty if only identifier method like getld() is accessed. So consider using
load() method if your code doesn't access any method other than identifier or you are OK with lazy initialization of
object.
Overloaded load0 methods (Hibernate 4 . x )
Overloaded get() met hods (Hibernate 4 . x )

*
cr. getQClasl: clazz; S~l.islizatl:lciclj : c;t,-icct - Sesric1.1
7 .
. .
.- . <::a c~ct(5tringentit:,:l;lstj~~, C.,e1.ializ3t:le il:l,! : l ! - j t , ~ ~ c. t> c ~ j ! : . . : -
.. .
c..: gct(Clas5 clarz, S ~ 1 . 1 3 l i r a bid: Icckka;ior.le) : Object
l t LI=CI.:I'~.:~C!C~E
,-.
..*:. get(Clar.5 clarz,. Serislisable id,, Lccki?l;tion:
Icck0pticn.l : Ot:~!cct
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5~1-isliz~1:;lc
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Icckhlocle) : Ot.:icct
).:i gtt(Stl.it~g~ t ~ t i t : , ' l ' l a r rSel.islizablc
~~. iil, Lccl;:Options lc1ck0l:tjct1:> : Object
Q) When update() method has t o call ?

Transient state?
Transient state means the object is not associated with session and not presented in database. When there i s no record
in t h e database, no question of updating the record: So when the object is in transient state we can't call update()
-
method
Persistent state?
Persistence state means the object is associated with session as well as presented in the database. If the object is in the
persistent state then the object is said t o be synchronized with database. 50 whatever modifications done t o the object,

- An IS0 9001 : 2000 Certified Company
Page 4
--
.. -- .~. -~ ~.
. -- - -...- . . --
: Hibernate-Session Methods Mr.Sel<harReddv
>.
,':
/ those changes will be updated i n the database and vice versa. So we no need t o call update() method when object is i n 1
I persistent state. I
' \
, Detached state?
I
I
Detached state means the object IS not assocrated with session b u t presented In t h e database In this state if we w a n t t o 1,
' d o any n~odificationst o the object w e should call update() method. Because in thls state the object is not synchron~zed
i w i t h database.
I
I public void saveOrUpdate(0biect object) throws HibernateException;
I
I
I If t h e record is n o t there i n the database ~t wrll try t o insert the record. If the record is there i n the database i t will t r y t o ,
! update the record.
1 Pseudo code o f saveorupdate():
1. class Sessionlmpl implements Session{
1 2. public void saveOrUpdate(0bject object){
i 3.
1 4. //SELECT THE RECORD
5. Object obj = session.get(object);
j t: / / I F RECORD EXIST
If( obj != null){
1, :: 10.
// UPDATE THE RECORD
updatejobj);
) else{ // IF RECORD NOT EXIST
11. // INSERT THE RECORD
I 12. save(obj);
13. /
1 Ex: Table ACCOUNT
Application code:
2. session.getTransaction().begin();
3.
5. account.setAccountld(1001); .
6. account.setName("sekhar");
7. account.setBalance(6800.00);
8.
9. session.saveOrUpdate(account);
10.
11. session.getTransaction().commit();
12.
13. //Now saveorupdate() internally calls save(), because record with 9001 i d is not available i n the database.
Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Arneerpet, Hyderabad, Ph: 040-23746666, 23734842
l1
IS0 9 0 0 1 : 2000 Certified Company -
Page 5
~ .- -...-p---p-pp-.-..p..-- .
Hibernate-Session
. -
Methods ,. . -. -
-
--
Mr.SeltharRecidy
. .. . .
w
Table: ACCOUNT
!=NO NAME BAL
I1 1001 6800
1
Application code:
3.
i 4. Account account = new Account();
I 5. account.setAccountld(1001);
6. account.setNarne("selthar Reddy"); I
1 7. account.setBala1ice(8200.00);
8.
' 9. session.saveOrUpdate(accour~t);
10.
I 12.
!
i
i
13. //Now saveorupdate() internally class update(). Because the record with 9001 id i s already exists i n the database.
-
,I I
Table: ACCOUNT
i
I ACCNO / NAME I BALANCE )
1 1001 I rekhar Reddy 1 8200 1
I
I public Connection close0 throws HibernateException; I

Once t h e transaction is completed we need t o close the session. When we close t h e session all the associated objects I
! w i t h the session will be de-associated f r o m session and associated JDBC connection also closed. It is not strictly necessary to .
close the session but you must at least disconnect() it.
i
'I public void clear();
I
This method is used t o de-associate all t h e objects f r o m session.
1 Table: ACCOUNT
1002 Kesavareddy 9500
1 Application code:
1 2 . session.getTransa~tion(/begin();
- 3.
4. Account accountl = (Account)session.get(Account.class,1001);
1 5. Account account2 = (A~~ount)session.get(Account.cla~~,1002~;
I
6. // Now accountl and account2 objects are in persistent state.
1 7.
8. accountl.setName("new sekhar");
1 9. account2.~etName("newkesavareddy");
10.

I
--
Page G
A
/
~
pp ~~ .~
Hibernate-Session Methods -. ..
Mr.SekharReddy --::
I ---- -. , .
-.
!
1 11. session.clear(); I
I
!
12. //Now account1 and account2 objects are in detached state.
13.
-
!
/ 14. session.getTransaction().conimit();
~,
1
1. Session session = Sess~onUtil.getSession();
3.
4. Account accountl = (Account)session.get(Account.class,1001);
5. Account account2 = ~Account)session.get(Account.class,1002);
7.
8. session.clear();
9. //Now accountl and account2 objects are in detached state.
10.
11. accountl.setName("new sekhar");
12. account2.setName("new kesavareddy").
13.
A f t e r execution:
ACCOUNT
ACCNO BALANCE
sekhar
kesavareddy
I i i n the above example, when w e call session.clear() method, a c c o u n t l and account2 objects will be de-associated )
1
f r o m t h e session object. i.e. account1 and account2 objects are moved f r o m persistent state t o detached state. I
I
9 N o w a c c o u n t l and account2 are in non-transactional state. So even w e are committing the transaction the modified
values o f account1 and account2 are n o t updated i n the database. i
I
/ public void evict(0biect object) throws HibernateException:

This method is used de-associates t h e specified object f r o m session.
iI Table:
ACCNO
ACCOUNT
BALANCE
I 1001 sekhar
1
I
1002
I
kesavareddy
I
9500 1
I
Application code:
1. Session session = SessionUtil.getSession(); r
4. Account account1 = (Account)session.get(Account.class,1001); 1,

5. Account account2 = (Account)session.get(Account.class,1002);
I
A n IS0 9 0 0 1 : 2000 Certified Company
Page 1 - I -
I -
H ibei-i~ate-SessionMethods - -- __I.
-- Mr.SeltharRedcly .
u r i
1

I 7.
' 8. accountl.setName("new sekhar");
1 9. acco~1nt2.setName{"1iew
kesavareddy");
10.
, 11. session.evict(account1);
1 12. // Now accountl in detached state and account2 in persistent state.
13.
j 14. session.getTransaction().commit();
i After Execution: ACCOUNT
I ACCNO I NAME 1 BALANCE I

I
i
I
1 1001
1002
I sekhar
1 n e w kesavareddy
1 8400
9500
'i evict() is used t o de-associate specified object f r o m the session object.

~
1
'i In the above example when w e call session.evict(account1) a c c o u n t l object will be de-associated f r o m sesslon ,
I object.
- 9 After calling transaction.commit(), only account2 object will be updated. Because i t is in persistent state.
- !
1 public boolean contains(0bject obiect);
I
It is used t o check whether the object is associated with session or not. I
I I
I Application code: I
I

I 2.
3. Account account = (Account)session.get(Account.class,1001);
I 4. calling get() method1');
System.~ut.println(~'After
' 5.
\ 6. if(session.contains(account)){
. , 7. System.out.println("account Is associated with session");
8. } else{
I 9.
10. }
System.out.println("account i s not associated with session");
I 11.
12. session.clear();
13. System.out.println("After calling clear() method");
1
14.
15. if(session.contains(account)){
1
16. Systeni.out.println("account Is associated with session");
17. } else{
1
18. System.out.println("account is not associated with session");
- 19. }
I
i
public boolean isConnected(L
I To check weather there is a connection is associated w i t h t h e session or not.

>
Page 8
.- .p..-p---p--.----... . . .. - .~.~-
~-
~
-.~
Hibernate-Session Methods Mr.Sel<hai-Reddy - .

2. if(session.isConnected()){
3. System.out.println("connected");
4. }else{
5. System.out.println("not connected");
6. ?
7. session.close();
8. if(session.isConnected()){
9. System.out.println("connected");
lo. }else{
11. System.out.println("not connected");
12. }
public void flush() thicws HibernateException;

This method is used to synchronize session data with database.
1 Application code:
-
I
1. Session session = Sess~onUt~l.getSession();

I
2. session.getTransact~on().begin();
3.
I
4. Account account = (Account)session.get(Account.class,1001);
1 5. account.~etName(~'new sekhar");
I
( 6. account.setBalance(9500); i
I
7. session.flush();
8.
9. System.out.pr~ntln("Breank..Point and observe the conscle..");
10.
11. session.getTransaction().commit(); I
I
3 In the above example when we call session.flush(), Hibernate checks or compares account object data and ,I
corresponding record database. If i t finds difference, it will execute update query t o update object data into the [
I
database record.
9 When transaction.commit() is called it will also check object data and corresponding record data. If it f ~ n d s I
I
different ~twill update object data into database.
9 So after transaction.commit(), we should not call sessioll.flush() because when we call transaction.cornrnit() I
session is in sync w ~ t hdatabase
, I
Batch Processing
9 The execution of series of programs is called batch processing. Batch processing is the process of read~ngdata i
--
I
from a persistent store, doing something with the data, and then storing the processed data in the persistent
1
store
9 Usually we run Batch process, when computer resources are less busy.
9 We are using flush() and clear() methods of the Session API for the batch insert process.
I When you need t o upload a large number of records into our database by using hibernate we are using the below code. !
~
1I ---.
s
-
~ a r e i Technologies,
-
- - -
Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyderabad, Ph: 040-23746666, 23734842

An IS0 9001 : 2000 Certified C o m ~ a n v
a ,
- -
--.,
i
Page 9
_
I _
Hi bel-nate-Session Methods Mr.SeltharReddy
. - --
1 Eg:
Session session = SessionUtil.getSession();

Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
for ( int i=O; i<1000GO; i++ ) {

Enlployee employee = new Employee(.....);
session.save(employee);
1
The prime step for using the batch processing feature is t o set hibernate.jdbc.batch-size as batch size t o a number
i either at 20 or 50 depending on object size. This shows the hibernate container t h a t every X rows t o be inserted as
batch.
I
Eg: -
I. Session session = SessionFactory.openSess~on();

- 2. Transaction tx = sess~on.beginTransaction();
/ 3.
- 4 for ( int i=O; ic100000; i++ ) {
1 5. Ernployee employee = new Employee(. ..);
I 6. session.save(employee);
1 7. if( i % 50 == 0 ) { // Same as t h e JDBC batch size
I 8. //flush a batch o f inserts and release memory:
I 9. session.flush();
I 10. session.clear();
11. }
I 12.1
13.
;i 14. tx.commit();
15. session.close();
I Advantage:- Batch processing helps t o resolve the problem o f OutOfMemoryException.

I
I
public void flush() throws HibernateException;
II
This method is used t o synchronize the database data with session data. To understand the importance o f refresh()
I m e t h o d observe the following scenarios.

Casel: w i t h single session, single t i m e calling get() method:
-
I Table: ACCOUNT
I ACCNO BALANCE
I
sekhar
I Application code:
1 1. Session session = SessionUtil.getSession();
2. session.getTransaction(). begin();
i IVaresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Arneerpet, Hyderabad, Ph: 040-23746666,23734842

L
IS0 9001 : 2000 Certified C o m. ~ a n. v
An --
Page 10
. - -. - - - - -
Hibernate-session Methods ~i-.~elthar~edciy -\
3.
4. Account account = (Account) session.get(Account.class, 1001);
5. System.out.println("Before updating the database..."),
6. System.out.pr~ntln("Name: " + account.getNanie());
7. System.out.println("Balance : " + account.getBalance());
8.
,
9. // Break .point. go t o database and modify the data
10. ACCOUIVT
/ ACCNO ( NAME BALANCE 1
I
1 1001
I
1
sekhar new 1 9500 7

11. System.out.println("After updating the d a t ~ b a s e...");
12. System.out.println("Name : " + account.getName());
14.
16.
1 Output:
Before updaticg the database ...
Name : sekhar
Balance : 8400.0
After ~ ~ p d a t i nthe
g database ...
Name : sekhar
Balance : 8400.0
1 Explanation:
> When w e call the get() o n session object, it will h ~the
t database and get the data from the database and creates -
entity object and assign the retrieved data t o entity object. And finally that entity object will be cached o n the
session object. I
When w e update the data o n the database i t will not get the updated data. Just it always shows session cached I
data.
, I
I CaseZ: w i t h single session, multiple times calling get() method:
Table: ACCOUNT
I I ACCNO 1 NAME 1 BALANCE

I I I
1001 sekhar 8400
Application code:
3.
4. Account account = (Account) session.get(Account.class, 1001);
5. System.out.println("Before updating the database...");

An IS0 9001 : 2000 Certified C o m. ~ a n, v
L --
Page 11
Hibernate-Session Methods- -- - --- -- MI-.SeltharReddy
- -
l
8.
9. // Break..point ... go t o database and m o d ~ f ythe data
10. ACCOUNT
m] NAME 1 BALANCE 1
1
I
/-tsekhar new 9500
/ 11. account = (Account) session.get(Account.class, 1001);

12. System.out.println("After updating the database ...") ;
'
13. Systcm.out.println("Name : " + account.getName());
14. System.out.println("Balance : " + account getBalance0);
15.
I
16. session.getTransaction().cornmit();
I 17.
- Output:
I
I
Before updating the database ...
Name : sekhar
-1
Balance : 8400.0
After updating the database ...
I Name : sekhar
Balance : 8400.0
/ Explanation:
> When we call the get() on session object(second time), it will check whether the object is available in session or
not. If the object is available in session, it will not hit the database.
> In above example with Accno 1001 already account object i s already available i n session object. That's why even
we call get() method on session object 2ndtime, it will not hit the database. That's why it didn't display the
updated record data of database, instead it displayed previous data only.
Case 3: creating multiple sessions.

Table: ACCOUNT
1 ACCNO 1 NAME 1 BALANCE 1
)
I
1001 I I
sekhar 1 8400
I
1I
Application code:
1. Session session1 = SessionUtil.getSession();
2. Session session2 = SessionUtil.getSession();
3.
4. Account account = (Account) sessionl.get(Account.c~ass,1001);
6. Systern.out.println("Name : " + account.getName());
7. Systern.out.println("Balance : " + account.getBalance());

~ - -- . -- -- --- --- . . - . ... .. -- - . - ~ . ~- .-.
I Hibernate-Session Methods Mr.Sel<hal-Reddv 1
8.
I
9. // Break ..point ... go t o database and modify the data
ACCOUNT
1 1001 sekhar new 9500 1

I I I
10. account = (Account) session2.get(Account.class, 1001);

I 11. System.out.println("After updating the database ...");
I 12. System.out.println("Name : " + account.getName());
'
1
I I
I
I
Output:
j Before updating the database ...

/ IVame : sekhar
;
'
Balance : 8400.0
After updating the database ...
:
Name : jekhar new

I Balance : 9500.0
i Explanation:
i
! r In the above example, session2 object doesn't have any associated objects. That's why when we call get()
method on session2, i t hit the database and executes the select query and retrieve the record and display the
I
i updated record of database.

I
i
I
i But here every time we are creating new session object t o get the updated Record. To solve the above problem 1
1 we can use refresh() method.
Case4: using refresh()

Table: ACCOUNT
1
1 ACCNO ) NAME / BALANCE 1
I I I
I 1001 / sekhar 1 8400
I
1
Application code:
I
/ 1. Session session = SessionUtil.getSession();
I :: Account account = (Account) session.get(Account.cIass, 1001);

5. System.out.println("Name : " + account.getName());
8. // Break..p oint ... go t o database and modify the data

ACCOUNT
ACCNO NAME BALANCE

I
1
II
_
An I S 0 9001 : 2000 Certified C o m. ~ a n. v --
I
I,
I
Page 13
Hibernate-Session Methods ---- -- - --- - - - ..,
Mr-SekharReddy
' -2
v-
1 sekhar new 1 9500 I
9. session.refresh(account);
I
lo. System.out,println("After updating the database ...");
11. System.out.println("Name : " + account getName());
12. System.out.println("Balance : " + account getBalance0);
! Output: I
I Before updating the database ... I
I Name : sekhar
' Balance : 8400.0

After updating the database ..
, Name : sekhar new
1 Balance : 9500.0
I
' Explanation:
I > In the above example when we call refresh(), Hibernate compares database data and object data. If it finds any 1
- difference it will again execute select query and update the object data.
-
i public Obiect mergejobiect obiect) throws HibernateException;
Consider the following example,
Table: ACCOUNT
ACCNO NAME BALANCE
1001 sekhar 8400
Application Code:
2.
3. Account accountl=(Account)session.get(Account.class, 1001);
4.
5. Account account2= new Account();
6. account2.setAccountld(1001);
7. account2.setName("cherry");
8. account2.setBalance(6500);
9.
10. session.update(account2);
11.
12. session.getTransaction~).commit();
,1 Output: org.hibernate.NonUnique0bjectException: a different object with the same identifier value was already
associated with the session: [com.sekharit.hibernate.entity.Account#lOOl]
I

I-
---- -. -- .-
Page 14
----..- -- - -~-
p
-
.
-p
-
-.
-
-
.-
.
-
-.
p
.
- ~.
.. - -. -- - .-
-
<
~~
- p
Hibernate-Session Methods Mi-.Sel<harRedciy
----
_-------- ---- .-
I:
/-
'-._
.311:
----..
: I CI I-A
--
r~t
.I :I -1 111
111 -1 ;I
-_--/-
.-I'
.->' -'-. --,,-
''------ :ze :% 15:1 1 1 1 rl .#:I
- ~t1:: .:I
.
I
---- -- --.-.
,/--
( IIIUI 2
13i:~ilL.~rlt2<-l ..:y <.--- --/--- 3:e :z:5.I13
i-1 -1-4 111114ate 1: 11
I '-------- - ---c- \
-
.
I
I
I I
i 9 We can't place two different objects(of same type) with the same identifier in the sesslon object.
> In the above example, by calling get() method account1 object with identifier '1001' will be there in session. And
i
by calling update() method account2 object with identifier '1001' is also trying t o come into session object. It is
I
I the problem. To avoid this we will go for merge().

>
I
In the above example, If we use merge() method instead of update() method, we won't get exception. Just
II 1
I account2 object data will be updated into database. i

1
1
> merge() method behave differently in different scenarios. merge() method can insert, update, merge the data. -
I
!
To understand more clear about merge() method consider the following cases.
i
I
-
Case 1: merge() method insert the data

1
I
j Table: ACCOUNT !
I
! BALANCE
I sekhar
Application Code:

6. account.setName("cherry");
7 . account.setBalance(4500.00);
8.
9. session.merge(account);
10.
1
I
After execution: ACCOUNT
1 ACCNO I NAME 1 BALANCE 1

( 1001 1 Sekhar 1 8400 1
I
1002 1
I
cherry 1 4500 / 1
1
Page 15
- ---- -
.- --- - -- - ---- - - - - . - -- -
Hibernate-Session Methods Mr.Sel<harRec!dy
3 In the above example, when we call merge() method, first i t will try to load Account object with identifier 1002,
I As we don't have a record in ACCOUNT table with ACCNO#1002, it will insert Account(1002, cherry, 4500.00j
object into database.
. Case 2: merge() method update the data

I
Table: ACCOUNT
ACCNO IVAM E
Sekhar
1002 cherry 4500
Application Code:
2. session.getTransact~on().begin();
3.
4. Account account = new Account(),
6. account.setName("yeIlareddy");
7. account.setBalance(5600.00);
8.
9. session.merge(account);
10.
12.
1 After executiori: ACCOUNT

I ACCIVO NAME I BALANCE (
P
Sekhar
yellareddy 5600 i
In the above example, when we call merge() method, first i t will try t o load Account object with identifier 1002,
1 As we have a record in ACCOUNT table with ACCNO#1002, i t will try t o update with latest Account(1002,
- 1
I
yellareddy, 5600.00) object into database.
Case 3: merge() method merge the detached object data into persistent object
I
Table: ACCOUNT
1 ACCNO 1 NAME 1 BALANCE 1

Sekhar
yellareddy
Application Code:
3.
4. . Account accountl=(Account)session.get(Account.class, 1001);

........... .......................
An IS0...
....... .
.
.
9001
.
..
.
.
..
..
: 2000 Certified Company
...
page-%-
, ..__ .- . . - .--.~,
-
---.--~--
'
I -
Hibernate-Session Methods
.
L
Mr.SekharReddy , :
.-
I
I
,-,
11 5.
1 6. Account account2= new Account(); -.
1 7. account2.setAccountld(1001);
i 8. account2.setNarne("kesavareddy"); . ~
9, account2.setBalance(6500);
i
I
,
I 10.
11. session.merge(account2];
12.
/--.
. .
i 13. session.getTransaction().commit();
j 14. session.close();
1 After execution: ACCOUNT
ACCNO BALANCE
yellareddy
I
I .-,
, In the above example, Before lltline;
h accountl is in Persistent state, and account2 in detached state.
I
-
. ,
/ > In the above example, when we call merge() method it will check, weather there i i any object associated with
the session with same identifier(1001). -
> In our example, accountl#1001 object is already associated with session, So merge() method now, Copy the <-
I
.
state o f accoun2#1001 object state into accountl#1001 object. After llth
line also, account1 is in Persistent ,
j
state, and account2 in detached state.
1 3 When the transaction is committed, As acountl#lOOl(Persistent-state) data is modified, so i t will hit the update
!
I query, t o update session data with database.
Q) What is the difference between merge and update? i

i
update () : When the session does not contain an persistent instance with the same identifier, and if i t is sure use update I
for the data persistence in hibernate.
i
I
merge (): Irrespective of the state o f a session, i f there is a need t o save the modifications at any given time, use
I
merge(). !
, public Serialiiable getldentifieriobiect object) throws HibernateException;

To know the object identifier value at the runtime, we need t o call getldentifierfobject object)
I
I
Application code: 1
II Account account = (Account)session.get(Account.class,1001);
Serializable id = session.getldentifier (account);
System.out.println("Identifier of Account is : "+ id); '1

Transaction methods:
1
I
--- I-
Page 17-
---- - -- - - -- -- - - -pp.--p-- -
- Hi bernate-Sessio~~
Methods Mr.Sel<harRedcly
I We can apply Transaction management by using transaction object

II
We can get the Transaction object in 2 ways.

Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Transaction transaction = session.getTransaction();
I
beginTransaction0 return different transaction objects. For each and every request transaction object creates a~lcl
begins new transaction context.

I
getTransaction0 return same transaction object for every request. We need t o call begin() on transaction objecl l o
begin the transaction
public void persist(0bject object) throws HibernateException;

3 This method is same as save(), but save(object) returns identifier and persist(object) doesn't return any value.
I > When we are using generator classes t o generate the identifier, At that time if we want t o know identifier value
i
-
which is generated by generator class, then we can go for save() method.
1 3 When we don't want t o know generated identifier, then i e can f o i persist() method.
. 1.' M e t hod Signatures:
public void replicate(0bject object, ReplicationMode replicationMode) throws HibernateException;
This method is used t o move the object from detached state t o persistent state.
ReplicationMode has attributes described below.
P ReplicationMode.0VERWRITE : this mode reads the processing request and affect the result in database. After
committing the transaction the results are stored in database.
P ReplicationMode.lGN0RE : this mode ignores the processed request. ~ e a n ist doesn't affect the result in
datadase.
r ReplicationMode.LATEST-VERSION : this mode reads the processing request and affect the result in database.
P ReplicationMode.EXCEPTl0N : this mode reads the processing request and affect the result the database.
1 Application Code:
I ;: session.getTransaction(). begin();

I -- --
Page 1g
-- --- .
.- -. -
Hibernate-Session Methods MrSekharReddv --'
Account account = (Account) session.get(Account.class, 1001);

System.out.println("After get() method");
if (session.contains(account)) {
Systeni.out.println("associated");
1 else i
System.out.println("not-associated");
1
session.evict(account);
System.out.println("After evict() method");
if (session.contains(account)){
System.out.println("associated");
} else {
}
session.replicate(account, ReplicationMode.LATEST-VERSIOIV);
Systern.out.println("After replicate() method");
i f (~ession.contains(account)){
System.out.println("associated");
} else {
1 public void IockiObiect obiect, LockMode IockMode) throws HibernateException;

i
I If w e are updating some group of tables no other person is allowed t o update the records on the same table until our
II work is completed. So using lock(), i f we lock the record i t doesn't allow updating from different users till we commit the
transaction.
1 Hibernate defines Several lock modes
I
I
P LockMode.NONE : Don't go t o the database unless the object isn't in either cache.
3 LockMode.READ : Bypass both levels of cache, and perform a version check t o verify the object in memory is
I
!
the same version as that currently exits in the databse. 1
P LockMode.UPGRADE: Bypass both levels of cache, and perform a version check and obtain a database-level I
I
I
pessimistic loc upgrade lock, if that is supported. I
I
I P LockMode.UPGRADE-NOWAIT: same as UPGRADE , but use a SELECT .... FOR UPDATE NOWAIT on Oracle.
I
This disables waiting for concurrent lock releases, thus throwing a locking exception can't be obtained. I
-
9 LockMode.WRITE: Is obtained automatically when Hibernate has written t o a row in the current Transaction.
1
I This is an internal mode and can't bespecified explicitly.
I NOTE: this method got deprecated in Hibernate 4.x version I
I
Ih.
i
I -
pa e 1 F '
. ~ ~
- ~ ~ . A ~ ~ - . ~ - .
~
Hibernate-Multi Database Communication By Mr. SeltharReddy
1 Q.) H o w t o work with MYSQL database? !

I
install the MYSQL database. I
C? Select All Programs 3 MYSQL 3 MYSQL 5.0 3 mysql command line client
I
Give password i
4. In the MYSQL prompt give the following comr-riands
o Create database mydb
I
I
o Use mydb !
!
6 Now perform database operations normally.
I
C When you open mysql command line client again just give password, and give use mydb command. (don't give !
create database mydb) i

I
'
I
I
Q.)How t o connect t o m u l t i p l e Databases using Single Configuration File in Hibernate?
I OracleDataBase Table:
1
I
I SQL> desc account;
i Name Null? TYpe
I - --- - _ - - - - _ - - - _ - - ---- - -- - - -- - ---- --- - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ -_ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

-
1 ACNO IVUMBER(5)
BAL NUMBER(8,2)
i
1 IVaresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyderabad, Ph: 040-23746666, 23734842
I
An I S
-
0 9001 : 2000 Certified Company
Page
.- ~. .
,
~ ~
~ ~ ~
~~~
I Hibel-nate-Multi Database Commu~~ication By Mr. SeltharReddy- . .'i ..a.
I ---
1 MySQLDat B e Table
-\
; +----.-. +- - - - -+----------- +
+-.-----.--
+----.- ---<- --+
I
I I Field I Type ( Null I Key ( Default I Extra (
I
I 1 acno 1 int(5) 1 YES 1 1 NULL 1 I

i
1 name I char(l5) j YES I I NULL ( 1
I
Account.iava
1. package coin.neo.hibernate .VO;
2.
3 . public class Account (
*
4. prlvate- ~ n accno;
t
5. prlvate Strlng name;
6. privatedoublebalance;
7.
I 8.
9.
publlc int getAccno0 {
return accno;
j 10.
ll.
1
1 2 . publlc void seiAccno (lnt accIlo) (

13. this.accno = accno;
14. 1
15.
/ 16. public Strrng getName() (
17. return name;
1 18.
19.
I
20. public vold setName (String name) [

21. this.name = name;
22. I
23.
24. public double getBalance ( ) [
25. return balance;
26. I
27.
28. public void setBalance(doub1e balance) {
29. thls.balance = balance;
30. I
1 31.
I
Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, ~ r n e e r ~ eHyderabad,
t, Ph: 040-23746666,23734842 1
An I S 0 9001 : 2000 Certified Company I-
Page 2
~..~.~...................................... . . --.
..--
By Mr. SekharReddy 7I
~~ ~
Hibernate-Multi Database Communication

~
1. package com.neo.hibernate.dao;
2.
3 . import crg.hibernate.Session;
4 . lrilport org.hibernate. SessionFactory;
5 . import org.hibernate. cfg . C ~ n iguration;
f
6.
7. import com.neo.hibernate.util.Conn~ctionUti1;
8. import com.neo.hibernate.vo.Account;
9.
10. public class PracticeDao {
11. public static void main(String[] args) {
12.
13. Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
14. configuration.configure("com/neo/hibernate/config/hibernate.cfg.xml");
15. SessionFactcry factory = configuration.buildSessionFactory(j;
16. / / Oracle
17. Sesslon oracleSession =
18. factory.openSession(ConnectionUtil.getOracleConnecti~n());
19. Account oracleAccount = (Account)
20. oracleSession.get(Account.class, 1001);
21. System.out.println("0racle Account table details . . . . " ) ;
22. System.out.println("Accno : "+oracleAccount.getAccno());
23. System.out.println("Name : "+oracleAccount.getName());
24. System.out.println("Ba1ance : "+oracleAccount.getBalance()) ;
25. //Mysql
26. Session mysqlSession =
27. factory.openSession(ConnectionUtil.getMysqlConnection()) ;
28. Account mysqlAccount= (Account)mysqlSession.get(Account.class, 1001);
29. System.out.println("Mysq1 Account table details . . . . " ) ;
30. System.out.println("Accno : " - 1 - m y s q l A c c o u n t . g e t A c c n o ( )) ;
31. System.out.println ("Name : "+mysqlAccount.getName ( ) ) ;
32. System.out.println("Balance : "+mysqlAccount.getBalance());
33.
34. 1
35. )
36.
ConnectionUtil.iava
1. package com.neo.hibernate.ut11;
2.
3. import java . sql .Connection;
4. import java.sql.DriverManager;
5. lmport java.sql.SQLException;
6.
7. public class ConnectionUtil {
8. static {
9. try {
10. Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver~');
11. Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
12. 1 catch (Exception e) {
13. e.printStackTrace0;
14. 1
15.
I Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyderabad, Ph: 040-23746666, 23734842
i
I
1-.
Page 3
.- ~~ ~ - ~- .
( Hibernate-Multi Database Coi~~munication -- By Mr. SekharReddy

--- - -
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-
,,. 1.
:' 16. 1 ,I
public static C o n ~ e c t i o cget0racleConnection() (

Connection ~ j i 1 i i - j ~ ~ i , 3=: i11~11;
try (
connection = Driv?rManager.getConnection(
"jdbc:oracle:t h i r : : Plocalhost: 1521:XEW, "system",
} catch (SQLExcepcion e) (
e.printStaekTrac? ( ) ;
1
return connection;
1
public static Connection ge~MysqlConnection() {

Connection connection = null;
try {
connection = DriverManager.getConnection(
"jdbc:mysql://loca1host:33O6/mydb", "root", "tiger"); 'I I
I
) catch (SQLException e) {
e . printStackTrace ( ) ;
1
37. return connectlon;
I1 38.
( 39.
' 40. 1
I
i Account.hbrn.xm!
1. c?xml version="l.0" encoding="UTF-8"3'.
1
!
1 2. < ! DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3 . O / / E l l r '

"http://hibernate.sourceforge.neL/!i1berate-mapping-3.O.dtd" >
!
3.
4. <hibernate-mapping>
5. <class name= "com.neo.hiberi~ate.vo.Accountr'table= f'ACCOUNT">
6. <id name="accno" column="ACNO"></id>
7. <property name="name"></property>
8. <property name="balai?ceM column= "BAL"></property>
9. </class>
hibernate.cfg.xml
1. <?xml version='l.Or encoding='UTF-6'?>
2 . <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Conflguratlon DTD
3.@ / / E N u
3. "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.O.dtd"> 1
4. <hibernate-configuration>
5. <session-factory> I
6. <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.OracleDialect</property> -
I
7. <mapping resource="com/neo/h~bernate/mapping/Account.hbm.xmlf' />
8. </session-factory> I
9. </hibernate-configuration>
I
I
Q.)How to connect to multiple Databases using Multiple Configuration Files in Hibernate?

I
I
IVaresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyderabad, Ph: 040-23746666, 23734842 I
I .. . . . . . . . . . . ~ .
An IS0
.. . ...
9001 : 2000 Certified Company
-.- -. .--
Page 4-'
'I
~ i b e r n a t e - ~ u lDatabase
ti Con~munication Bv M r . SelcharReddv
~ r a c l e ~ a t a ~ Table:
ase
i
SQL> desc account; 1
Name Null? TY
i
1
......................................... -------- -----------------
ACNO NUMBER(5)
NAME VARCHAR2(10)
BA L NUMBER(8,2)
1 ( Field I Type I Null I Key ( Default I Extra (
+-------+---------- +------ +----- +--------- +------- +
I I acno 1 int(5) I YES I I NULL 1 I

I ( name ( char(l5) I YES ( ( NULL I 1
I
( bal 1 float 1 YES I I NULL 1 1
' Account.iava
! Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyderabad, Ph: 040-23746666,23734842

I
Page 5-
. . . .. - .. . ~ ,.-
I Hibernate-Multi Database C- o ~..~.. ~ ~ ~ ~ u i ~ i c -

-,-.
a-
..
.
t-
ion
- - - By- SeltharReddy--- -1I
Mr.-
I,,
1 . package corn. ne2. h i b e r n a t e . i-c;
2.
3 . p u b l i c c l a s s Account {
4. p r i v a t e i n t accno;
5. privateStringnam?;
: 6. p r i v a t e double b a l a n c e ;
7.
8. p u b l i c i n t gethccno ( ) i
1
i
9. r e t u r n accno;
10.
i 11.
/ 12. p u b l i c v o i d set,?ccnc ( i n t ?:cn.:?) :
13. t h i s . accno = -::I::: ;
14. ?
; 15.
1 16. p u b l i c S t r i n g getName() {
1 17. r e t u r n name;
1 18. )
19.
: 20. p u b l i c v o i d setName ( S t r i n g n a n ~ ej {
j 21. t h i s . n a m e = nasa;
i 22. 1
i 23.
1 24. p u b l i c double g e t B a l a n c e 0 (
! 25. r e t u r n belance;
i 26. 1
i 27.
j 28. p m l i c void setBalance (double iialance) i
i 29. t h i s . balance = halance;
1 30. 1
: 31.
1 3 2 . )
PracticeDao.iava
1. package com.neo.hib?rnate.dao;
2 . import 0rg:hibernate. Sessj-on;
3. import com.neo.hibernate.util.SessionUti1;
4. import com.neo.hibernate.vo,Account;
5.
6 . public class PracticeDao {
7. public static void main(String [ I args) {
8. / / Oracle
9. Session oraclesession = SessionUtil.getOracleSession();
10. Account oracleAccount = (Account)oracleSession.get(Account.class,
11. 1001) ;
12. System.out.println("Oracle Account table details . . . . " ) ;
13. System.out.println ("Accno : "toracleAccount.getAccno ( ) ) ;
14. System.out.println("Name : "toracleAccount.getName());
15. System.out.println("Ba1ance : "toracle~ccount.getBalance());
16. //Mysql
17. Session mysqlSesslon = SessionUtil.getMysqlSession();
18. Account mysqlAccount= (Account)mysq1Session.get(Account.c1ass, 1001);
19. System.out.println("Mysq1 Account table details . . . . " ) ;
20. System.out.println("Accno : "tmysqlAccount.getAccno());
1
1 Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyderabad, Ph: 040-23746666, 23734842 1
I-.
--- -- i
Page 6
.~.~ -- ~ -. ~ ~.. ~ ~ ~~ .~
,~ Hibernate-Multi Database Colnmunication By Mr. SeltharReddy
, 21. System.out .prlntln("Name : "tmysqlAccount.aetl.!a:ne( ) ) ;

, 22. System.out.pr~1ltln("5alance: "tmysqlAccount.qer.Balance()) ;
23. 1
2 4 . 1
I SessionUtil.java
- 1. package corr,.neo.hibernate. util;
2.
1 3. import 01-9. hibernate. S-ssion;
4. import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
1 5. import org.hibernate. cfg . Configuration;
i
6. import org . ja:<en.Eunction . Conca tFunction;
1 7.
8. public class SessionUtil {
9.
1 10. private static SessionFactory oraclFactory;
11. private static SessionFactory mysqlFactory;
1
I
12. stacic (
13. n r ? c l Factory = new Configuration i : . ranf igure (
.
--
I ;: "com/neo/hibernate/config/~racle.hibernate.cfg.xml")
.buildSessionFactory();
' 1 16. mysqlFactory = new configuration() .configure(
, I 17. "corn/neo/hibernate/config/~nys~ql.
hibernate. cfg.xml")
- 18. .buildSessionFactory(!;
1 19. 1
20.
\ I ;: public static Session getOracleSession() [

return oraclFactory.openSession();
23. 1
1 24.
25. public static Session getMysqlSession() {
1 26. return mysqlFactory.openSession();
27. 1
28. public static void main(String[] args) {
1 29. System.out.println(getMysqlSession()) ;
' 30.
31, !
1
1 Account.hbm.xrnl
1. <?xml version="l.0" encoding="UTF-8Ir?>
1 2. <!DOCTYPE hibernate-rnapplng PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hlbernate Mapping DTD 3.O//ENU
I "http://h~bernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mappng-3.0td" >
3.
4. <hibernate-mapping>
5. <class name= "corn.neo.hibernate.vo.Accoun t" table= "ACCOUNT">
-
I 6-
7.
<id name="accno" column="ACNO"></id>
<property narne="name"></property>
8. <property name= "balance" column="BAL1'></propert y>
1 9. </class>
I
I I
I Naresh I l.echnolog~es,Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, ~ ~ d e r a b a Ph:
d , 040-23746666, 23734842 I
I
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Page 7
Hibernate-Multi Database Comn~unication Bv Mr. SeltharReddv :-
1 2. <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration P U B L I C M - / / H i b e r n a t o , i S i b e r n a ~ : e C3:lfiguration DTD

3 . O//EN1'
3 . lqhttp: //hiberliate.soilrc?forge . n e t / h i b e r n a t e - c o n f i g u r a ; i : ~ ; - . C . 5L?":,
1 4.
- ,
i 5. <hiberna~-3--;l:~i?i-
iil;icat i ~ : i ' .
/ 6. <session-fact~ory;
. .
<proL2;+rL:,: ;:,;fie- ' ' j ~">erg.
~ ,l-liberllate.
~ ~ ;.i
~ di315~;;. ..i~>ii[~~-~~~</prcpert)/>
I 7.
' 8. <property !?are="zci~~~eccisn. url ">jdbc:mysql: //loca?i~ss:::
-- .....- - . . -.-.,>,</property>
> j C ; G . ' r i ~..-. - ~--
'-
I
- ~
9. <property name= "coi~nection. usernan~e">root</prope~-t;~:;,

10. <prcpert;: n ~ r ~ , ~ - - " ~ ~ ~ : ~ ! ~ i 3 z t 1 i ? ~ . p ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - d " > t i g e r < / ~ r ~ p e r - ~ : ~ , : ~ ~
/ 11. <property !??me="connection.c'river~class">com .n~ysql. i d b e . D~:I.:;ar</property>
12. <rnappi!?g rescurile= "co!ii/neoihiberna te/nlappii~g...~.?z~i~ci? :r. ?!hi!. .<rill" / >
1 13.
14.
</session-factor!:;
</hibernate-c3r.fiauratio~n>
oracle.hibernate.cfa.xml
1. <?xml version= '1.0'encoding= 'UTF-8' ? >
2. <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLICu-//Hibernate/Hiberna~eConfiguration DTD
3. O / / E M V
3. "http://hibernate.scurceforqe.net/hibernate-co11figuration-3.O.dtd">
4. <hibernate-ccnfiguration>
6. <property n-1ln~="dia1ect">crg.h~ibernate.dialect.Orac?e9Cialect</property>
i 7. <property name="cor1nection.url">jdbc:oracle.:thin:@localhcst:1521:XE</property>
.- -,.^- - .,<. ,,-. i3!ne11>S\,Stem.',/
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8. ., .
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'...,
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<property name= "con~~ection.password">tiger</property>

10. . <property
name=rfconnection.driver~classf'>oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver</property>
12. <mapping resource= "corn/neo/hiberna te/rnappinq/Accouli t . hbrii.xml " / >
14. </hibernate-configuration>
Naresh i Technologies, Opp. satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyderabad, Ph: 040-23746666, 23734842
An IS0 9001 : 2000 Certified Company I -
page-g--.-
Hibernate-Generators using XML Mr.SekharReddy
I --- --- . .
--- -- -- .- - -.
-riWI
Generator classes
> Generator classes are used to generate the 'identifier' for a persistent object. i.e. While saving an object into the
I database, the generator Informs t o the hibernate that, how the prlrllaly key value for the new record is golng t o
generate
3 Hibernate using different primary key generator algorithms, for each algorithm internally a java class is there for its
1 implementatiorl
i' .
3 All Generator classes has to implement 'org.hibernate.id,ldentifierGeneratorU interface, And has t o override
i generate() metliod. The logic t o generate 'identifier' has to write in this method
I > In built-in ger\e~atorclasses, identifier generation logic has implemerited by using JDBC.
1 > If we want we can write the user defined generator class and it should implement
'org.hibernate.id.ldentifierGenerator' interface and has to override generate() method.
- > To configure generator class we can use <generator /> tag, which is ttie sub element of <id/> tag
-
I
> <generator/> tag has one attribute called "class" with which we can specify generator class-name.
i
9 While configuring <generator /> tag in mapping file, if we need t o pass anv parameters t o generator class then we
! can use <param /> tag, which i s the sub element of <generator/> tag,
1 Example: HEM
<hibernate-niapp~ng> 1
I <class .. > I
~
<Id .... >
1
I <generator class="generator-class-namet'> I
<param name="param-nameH>param-value</param> I
I </generator>
i
</rd> 1
I </class> I
I
I </hibernate-mapping> I
I
1 The following are the list of main generators we are using in the hibernate framework I
i
1 1. sequence
1 2. assigned
I 3. increment
I 5. seqhilo

--
IS0 9001 : 2000 Certified Company
An - -- -
Pa FI-
1 6, identify
\
7. native
8. uuid
1 9 guid
10. select
11. foregin
I
1 In the above generators list, are used for int,long,short types of primary keys, and uuid, guid are used when the pri~nary
key column type is String type (varchar2)
1.) sequence (or~.hibernate.id.SequenceGenerator)
'
I
> This generator class is database dependent i t means, we cannot use this generator class for all the database, we
should know whether the database supports sequence or not before we are working with it -
-.
P Not has the support with MySq!
-
I
~ P Here we write a sequence and it should be configured in HBM file and while persisting the object in the database ,
sequence is going t o generate the identifier and it will assign to the Id property of persistent object, Then it will store ' :
the persistent object into Database.
NOTE: MYSQL even won't allow to create SEQUENCE Object in that database. Then where is the question of calling that
f r o m hibernate applicat~on?
/
1
NOTE: When we configured generator class for an entity, then we no need t o assign identifier value t o entity object
I
whiie saving the entity. Even we assign the identifier value t o entity, it will not consider our assigned value, it will use !
/ generator class generated value as identifier value. It applies t o all generator classes.
I
1 Steps t o work with "sequence" Renerator
I
Step 1:Create a sequence
1 SQL> CREATE SEQUENCE ACCNO-SEQ START WITH 1000 INCREMENT BY 1
To get next value
SQL> SELECT ACCNO-SEQ.NEXTVAL FROM DUAL;
To get current value
I SQL> SELECT ACCNO-SEQ-CURRVAL FROM DUAL;
Step 2: configure the sequence in hbm file.
Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyderabad, Ph: 040-23746666, 23734842 I
An I S 0 9001 : 2000 Certified Company I -
-.
Page 2
.-- .... ........ -- --- .. ..................... ....... -- - . . . . . . . .
Hibernate-Generators using X M. L
--. ---
Mr.SekharReddp ., - ,
! \ .
- . . . . . rims i
I
1 <id name=" accountld " column="ACNO">

<generator class="org.hibernate.id.SequenceGenerator" >
! <param name="sequence">ACCNO-SEQ </param>
</generator>
1 </id>
I (OR)
<id name=" accountld " column="ACCNO">
-
1 <generator class="sequenceU/>
</ld>
I
1 NOTE: If we don't configure any sequence name then i t will take default sequence name(HIl3ERNATE-SEQUENCE ). But 1
!I
I hibernate won't create the sequence, i f already sequence i s available with name "HIBERNATE-SEQUENCE", then it is !
'
used by hibernate. Otherwise hibernate raises the exception.
I
1 NOTE: But remember, if we enable hbrn2ddl.auto property in hibernate configuration file, then hibernate will create the
. .
1
- database objects i f they are not exist.
1I
I
NOTE: It i s not advisable t o use the default sequence, always prfer t o create a different sequence t o each enitity
I seperately.
I
1 Step 3: Create the entity and save it without assigning identifier.
i1
I 2 . session.getTransaction ( ) .begin ( ) ;
3.
1 4. Account account = new Account () ;
5. account. setName ("sekhar") ;
-
1 6. account. setBalance (5000);
7.
8. Serializable id = session.save (account);
I 9.
10. System.out.println (flAccount is created with accno : "+id) ;
( 11. session.getTransaction ( ) . commit ( ) ;
I
I Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Arneerpet, ~ ~ d e r a b a Ph:
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I
Page 3-
1
-- - -- -- - -- - --
; Hibei-nate-Generators using XML Mr.SekharRecici\,__
IVOTE: When we execute the above code, we can find the sequence execution query on the console, which is used t o get
identifier for the saving enitity.
1 Internal Code
1 public class SequenceGenerator implements PersistentldentifierGenerator, Configurable {
I public static final String SEQUENCE = "sequence";
I
1 public void configure(. . .){
I sequenceName = PropertiesHelper.getString(SEQUENCE, params,
"hibernate-sequence"); // default sequence name
parameters = params.getProperty(PARAMETERS);
1
public Serializable generate(. . . ) {
Preparedstatement st =. . ..prepareSelectStatement(sql);
Resultset rs = st.executeQuery();
rs.next();
Serializable result = . . iterate results ...
return result;
1
1
I
NOTE: \\ow onwards for the following generator classes I just give the HBM configuration, you can u;e the same entity
saving logic(which we used in the above example as part of step-3) t o test them.
/I 9 This generator supports in all the databases

I 9 This is the default generator class used by the hibernate, i f we do not specify <generator/> element under <id/>
1 element, then hibernate by default assumes it as "assigned" generator class.
9 If generator class is assigned, then the programmer is responsible for assigning the identifier value t o entity before
saving into the database
I
1. HBM:

<generator class="org.hibernate.id.Assigned" />
</id >
(OR)
! Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam 'Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyderabad, Ph: 040-23746666, 23734842
I
1
,-
Page 4--'
--- ---- - ..~ ~ .- ~ ~ ~ . ... - - - .~ --I
' Hi bernate-Generators using XM L -- -- Mr.SekharReddy

.
-
.
-- .- 1 .
. .
-%a
,
-
I
<id name=" accountld " column="ACCNO" />
Internal Code: I
public class Assigned implements Identif~erGenerator,Conf~gurable{

public Serializable generate(... ) {
final Serializable id = . . . get the developer glven id.
i f (id==null) {
throw new Identif~erGenerat~onException(
"ids for this class must be manually assigned before calling save(): " t entityName);
I
1
return id;
1
i }
I
I NOTE. Whrle testing don't asslgne ident~fiervalue to entity and then try t o save entity then ~tthrows
-
IdentifierGenerationException.
!
NOTE: While testing with assigned generator class, identifier type in enity should be some object type rather than iI
I primitive type.
!
I
'
> This generator supports in all the databases, so i t is database independent generator class.
I I This generator is used for generating the id value for the new record by using the formula
Max o f id value i n Database + 1
i
> If there is no record initially in the database, then for the first time this will saves primary key value as 1. 1
I i
. HBM:
<id name="accountld" column="ACCNO">

I
I
<generator class="increment" />
</id>
1
I (OR)
I <generator class=" org.hibernate.id.lncrementGenerator " />
I
</id>
1 Internal Code:
-
I public class ~;@$@;@<~~tJj:$?~g.~$~~~$
;
:
+ -*!v-.5 *>.;,.: .;, ,x :, ~ :.,<,;:
implements IdentifierGenerator, Configurable {

<!..:;.....-r@
..,.. .-...--.-
~ public synchronized Serializable generate(. . .){
I i f (sql!=null) {
getNext( session );
I 1
return ...fi nal number after adding '1'
,-I Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyderabad, Ph: 040-23746666, 23734842
...-. --.- --.... ...- . ..... .... . .. . .. --- -~ - .----. -
Pages-
~
~.- ~. .- -. . -..- --.-
-3
~ ~ ~
1 Hi bernate-Generators using XML Mr.Sel<harReddy_-.,
public void configure(. . .) {
sql = "select max(" + column + ") from " + buf.toString();

I
private void getNext( Sessionlmplementor session ) {
!
Preparedstatement s t = ....p repareSelectStatement(sql);

Resultset rs = st.executeQuery();
if ( rs.next() ) {
next = rs.getLong(1) + 1;
1
1 The HiLo Algorithm -
I The HiLo (High/Low) algor~thmknows how to generate unique number series using t w o values: the high and the low. I
-Ihe high value is used as a base for a series (or range) of numbers, while the size of this series is donated by the l o w
1I value. A unique series is generated using the following steps: I
' 1) Load the and atomically increment the high value

2) Multiple the high value by the low value (max*low), the result is the first number (lower bound) of the current series
1
3) The l a s t number (higher bound) of the current series is donated by the following calculation: (max*low)+low-1 I
4) When a client needs t o obtain a number the next one from the current is used, once the entire series has been
/
6'
exhausted the algorithm goes back t o step 1 1

I
I
I Example: suppose that the current high value in the database is 52 and the low value i s configured t o be 32,767. When I
the algorithm starts is loads the high value from the database and increments it in the same transaction (the new high I
value in the database is now 53). The range of the current numbers series can now be calculated:
1
I Lower bound = 52*32767 = 1,703,884
1
I Upper bounds = 1,703,884+32,767-1= 1,736,650
All o f the numbers in the range of 1,703,884 t o 1,736,650 can be safely allocated t o clients, once this keys pool has been
exhausted the algorithm needs t o access the database again t o allocate a new keys pool. This time the h i i h value is 53
1
(immediately incremented t o 54) and the keys range is:
I
Lower bound = 53*32,767 = 1,736,651
Upper bounds = 1,736,651+32,767-1 = 1,769,417
And so on
The big advantage of this algorithm is keys preallocation which can dramatically improve performame. Based on the low I
I
II-
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An IS0 9001
- : 2000 Certified Company _I-
I
Page 6
-- -- -- - -- --- - - -- .- -- -
- --- - -- -- -- -- -- ---
-
Hibernate-Generators using XM L M1-.Seltl?arReddy ,
value we can control the database hit ratio. As illustrated using the 32,767 we hit the database only once in a 32,767
, ' generated keys. The downside (at least by some people - but in my opinion this is a none-issue) is that each time t h e
algorithm restarts it leaves a 'hole' in the keys sequence.
Hibernate has several HiLo based generators: TableHiLoGenerator, MuItipleHiLoPerTableGecierator,

, Seq uenceHiLoGenerator
TableHiLoGenerator
A simple HiLo generator, uses a table t o store the HiLo high value. The generator accepts the following parameters
I o table - t h e table name, defaults t o 'hibernate-unique-key'

I o column - t h e name o f the column t o store the next high value, defaults t o 'next-hi'
I
o max-low - the low number (the range) defaults t o 32,767 (Short.MAX-VALUE)
i
A table HiLogenerator which can store multiple key sets (multiple high values each for a different entity). This is useful
!
when we need each entity (or some of the entities) has its own keys range. It supportsthe following parameters:
I
o table - the table name, default t o 'hibernate-sequences'

1 o primary-key-column - key column name, defaults t o 'sequence-name'
o value-column - the name of the column to store the next high value, defaults t o 'sequence-next-hi-value'
,
o primary-key-value - key value for the current entity (or current keys set), default t o the entity's primary table
name
/ o primary-key-length - length of the key column in DB represented as a varchar, defaults t o 255
o max-low - the low numer (the range) defaults t o 32,767 (Short.MAX-VALUE)
I
I
The generator uses a single table t o store multiple high values (multiple series), when having multiple entities using the
I same generator Hibernate matches an entity t o a high value using the primary-key-value which is usually the entity
name. A sample table can look like
I
Page 7
.~ .~ ............ .-.-pp--p----.---pp- ........... .....
r Hibernate-Generators using XM L MI-.Sel<harRecldv'1
A simple HiLo generator but instead o f a table uses a sequence as the high value provider.
o sequence - the sequence name, defaults t o 'hibernate-sequence'

o max-low - the low number (the range) defaults t o 9.
, r This generator is database independent

, r hilo uses a hi/lo alogorithm t o generate ~ d e n t ~ f ~ e r s .
1 r Hilo algorithm generate identifiers based on the given table and column(stores high value). Default table is
'hibernate-unique-key' column is 'next-hi'.
I
HBM:
I -
I < ~ name="accountld"
d column="ACCNO">
<generator class="hilo" >
<param name="table">HIGH-VAL-TAB</param>
, <param ndme="column">HIGH-VAL-COL</param>
I
!
Internal code
class TableHiLoGenerator extends TableGenerator {
I
I
1 class TableGenerator { i
I
public static final String COLUMN = "column";
i public static final String DEFAULT-COLUMN-NAME = "next-hi";
II
i public static final String TABLE = "table";
public static final String DEFAULT-TABLE-NAME = "hibernate-unique-key"; 1
3 It is just like hilo generator class, But hilo generator stores its high value in table, where as seqhilo generator
I
stors its high value i n sequence.
I
L. An IS0 9001 : 2000 Certified Company I
Page 8
.-- --.--... . ~~ ~ -~~ .~ ~~ -.-~ ~~ ~ .. . . .
.., Hibernate-Gelieratol-s using X M L Mr.SeltliarReddg7
1
I
HBM:
-
<id name="accountld" column="ACNO">
<generator class="seqhilo" >
I <param n a m e = " s e q u e n c e " > ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - S E Q 
<param name="max-lo">S</param>
</generator>
</ld>
(OR)
<id name=" accountld " coiumn="ACCNO"~

1 <generator class="seqhiloU >
<param name="org.hibernate.id.SequenceHiLoGenerator ">ACCNO-SEQ</param>
i <param name="max-lo">5</param>
</generator>
1 </id>
Q.) How t o work w i t h MYSQL database?

a install the MYSQL database.
c3 Select All Programs 3 MYSQL 3 MYSQL 5.0 3 mysql command line client
a Give password
In the IMYSQL iiomp't give the following commands
o create database mydb
o use mydb
Now perform database operations normally.
c3 When we login t o database next time onwards don't give create database command, just give use command.
9 This is database dependent, actually it's not working in oracle.

9 Identity columns are support by DB2, MYSQL, SQL SERVER, SYBASE and HYPERSYNCSQL databases.
9 This identity generator doesn't needs any parameters t o pass
Syntax t o create i d e n t i t y columns in MYSQL database:

CREATE TABLE STUDENT(
SNO INT(10) NOT NULL AUTO-INCREMENT,
COURSE CHAR(2O),
FEE FLOAT,
NAME CHAR(20),
PRIMARY KEY (SNO)
1
HBM:
--
1 <id name=" accountld " column="ACNO">
<generator class="identity" />
1 </id>
/ Example: To create identity columns in MYSQL database.
I I
Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyderabad, Ph: 040-23746666, 23734842 !
:
I
p a g e 9 --
- .-..- - -- - -- - -- - - ---- ---- --
Hibernate-Generators using -
XML
--
- ~ i - . ~ e k h a r. ~ eI d d
'-
7.) native
I
3 native i s not having any generator class because, it uses internally identity or sequence or hilo generator
classes. I
P native picks up identity or sequence or hilo generator class depending upon the capabiliti2s of the underlying * I
database. I
-
H BM:
<id name="accountld" column="ACIVO">
I

-1
Page 10
Hibernate-Generators using; XML
NOTE: test with niysql and oracle

1 C3 If we connect to mysql i t takes identity.
C3 If we connect to oracle it takes sequence.
I
I d uuid uses a 1 2 8 - b ~uuid

t algorithm t o generate identifiers of type string.
I d uuid generated identifier i s unique with in a network.
I c3 uuid algorithm generates identifier using IP address. .,.
C3 uuid algor~thmencodes identifier as a string(hexadecima1 digits) of length 32.
1 C3 Generally uuld is used t o generate passwords.
1 HBM:
- <id name="accountld" column="ACNO">
-
~ <generator class="uuid" >
</generator>
</id>

<generator class="org.hibernate.id.UUIDHexGenerator " >
</generator>
1 </id>
' I
select: select retrieves a primary key assigned by a database trigger by selecting the row by some unique key and I
1 retrieving the primary key value. I

1
I guid: uses a database generated guid string on MS-SQL and MYSQL. I
foreign: foreign uses the identifier o f another associated object. Usually uses in conjunction with a <one-to-one>
I primary key association. I
- User Defined G e n e r a t o r class

-
When we feel the existing generator classes are not fit for our requirement, then we will go for user defined
I
generator class.
I
1 Steps t o implement user defined generator class. i
i
1 Step 1:Take any java class and implement org.hibernate.id .IdentifierGenerator and override generate() method. In this 1
I I
method implement the identifier generation logic as per the requirement.
I
-
I
I
I
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Page 11
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facts, scenarios and interview questions. Keep visiting regularly.....
Thanks and I wish all the readers all the best in the interviews.
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Q) Where actually java i s used?

1 Q) What i s Enterprise Application?

1 Architecture o f Enterprise Application

I--..- + . a < * . : " - _ "

I/ P Receive the control from Controller Layer

stored by controller layer

O Receiving request from Controller Layer

- ' Q) What are t h e different logics available in Enterprise Application? I

I Presentation Logic: Logic used t o present the output/input. I

I Q) W h a t are t h e non-Sun Microsystems technologies and frameworks i n enterprise application

1 Objective of Hibernate: Developing Data access layer of an Enterprise application 1

Q.) What are the iimitations o f the traditional approach?

converted into text. Because JDBC doesn't transfer objects directly. I

/ > ORM (Object Relational mapping)

I > It is technique of mapping objected oriented data t o that of relational data

& Hibernate is an ORM implementation

Hibernate-In troduction Mr.SekharReddy ..-.

3 Hibernate is a non-invasive framework, means it won't forces the programmers t o extend/implement

Q.) What is a framework?

Q.)What are the features of hibernate?

9 Hibernate persists java objects into database (Instead of primitives)

> Supports over 30 dialects

1 > Getting pagination in hibernate is quite simple.

( > Hibernate Supports automatic versioning o f rows i

I Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyderabad, Ph: 040-23746666,23734842 i

II r. We can also find the architecture diagrams as follows ...

Syntax O f Mapping Annotations:

Q.) What i s hibernate configuration file?

specified t o the hibernate

I > We can write this configuration in 2 ways ...

I always recommended t o use.

Syntax Of Configuration xml:

Syntax Of Mapping xml:

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Q.) What are the Simple Hibernate Application Requirements?

( 1 i No framework-is installable software, it means we doesn't contain any setup.exe

1' Step 1: Develop persistent/domain/entity class f o r each table o f t h e relational m o d e l

i Step 3: Develop the configuration file

Step 4: Add hibernate f r a m e w o r k jar files i n t h e classpath

/ Step 5: M a k e use of hibernate API and p e r f o r m persistent operations

4.) H o w t o M a k e use o f hibernate API t o p e r f o r m persistent'operations?

I STEP1: Create Configuration object

Configuration configuration = new Configuration();

1 S'rEP3: Build a SessionFactory f r o m Configuration

I STEP5: P e r f o r m persistence operations

operations. Session interface methods are ...

L; S s;, 0 1-1 2:a:..'*

, STEP6: Close t h e session

I Final .flow will be ...

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22. < ,-,=.-- . .

9. private static org.hibernate.SessionFactory sessionFactory; ,

I ::: sessionFactory = new Configuration().configure( 1-

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! An I S 0 9001 : 2000 Certified Company I

Hibernate-CRU D Application By Mr. ~ e l t l ~ a r ~ e d d ~

Session session = (Session) threadLocal.get();

35. public Date getCreationDate0 {

/1 2. <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.O//ENU

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I Naresh i Technologies, Opp. Satyam Theatre, Ameerpet, Hyderabad, Ph: 040-23746666,23734842

Hibernate-CRUD Application B Mr.Sel<harRecldy --

Session session = null;

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After Execution ACCOUNT TABLE :

1 Q.) R e w r i t e t h e above application, using a n n o t a t i o n s instead o f m a p p i n g file?

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! 25. public void setAccno(1ong accno) {

! 29. @Column(name = "NAME", nullable = false, length = 20) .,

I 38. @Column(name = "BAL", nullable = false, precision=8, scale=2) \.

) 40. return balance; \