Mathematics: Quarter 1 - Module 1: Generating Patterns
Mathematics: Quarter 1 - Module 1: Generating Patterns
Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Generating Patterns
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Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Generating Patterns
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Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
What I Need To Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to indulge you in
discovering and generating patterns. The scope of this module permits it to be used
in many different learning situations. Recognizing and extending patterns are
important skills needed to the learning of concepts related to sequences. The
arrangement of the lessons follows the standard sequence of the course. But the
pacing in which you read and answer this module is dependent on your ability.
Primarily, the scope of this module is to develop your skill in generating patterns.
While going through this module, you are expected to:
1. generate pattern from a given succession of objects, numbers, letters, or
symbols;
2. find the nth term of a sequence; and
3. write the rule for the nth term of a sequence.
What I Know
Let us determine how much you already know about generating patterns. If you
answer all the test items correctly in this pretest, then you may skip studying this
learning material and proceed to the next learning module.
DIRECTION: Read and understand each item, then choose the letter of your answer
and write it on your answer sheet.
6. What rule will correctly describe the sequence: 2, 5, 10, 17, 26, 37, …?
A) 𝑛 + 1 B) 2𝑛 C) 2𝑛 + 1 D) 𝑛2 + 1
1 1 1 1 1
7. Find the nth term of the sequence − 2 , 4 , − 6 , 8 , − 10 , . ..
(−1)n −1
A) 𝑎n = 2n
C) 𝑎n = 2n
(−1)n 1
B) 𝑎n = 2 D) 𝑎n = − 2n
𝑛+1 𝑛(𝑛+1) 2𝑛 𝑛2 +1
A) B) C) D)
𝑛 2 𝑛+1 2
10. Which numerical pattern follows the rule “the next term is obtained by
alternately subtracting 2 and multiplying by 3”, when starting with 5?
A) 5, 7, 21, 69 C) 5, 9, 14, 36
B) 5, 3, 6, 4, 12 D) 5, 3, 9, 7, 21
11. Which is the next ordered pair in the pattern (1, 6), (3, 18), (5, 30)?
A) (7, 49) B) (7, 42) C) (8, 56) D) (8, 64)
(−1)𝑛+1 (𝑛−1)(𝑛+2)
12. In the sequence, 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛
, what is 𝑎5 ?
28 24 30 26
A) 5
B) − 5
C) 5
D) − 5
13. If x represents the number of terms, what is the rule for this pattern?
1st term: 32, 2nd term: 36, 3rd term: 40
A) 4𝑥 B) 𝑥 + 4 C) 4𝑥 + 28 D) 4𝑥 + 32
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CO_Q1_Mathematics 10_ Module 1
15. Madison has the number pattern {5, 3, 8, 6, 11} for a homework problem. She says
that the number pattern is alternately adding 5 and subtracting 2. Did Madison
correctly describe the pattern?
A) No, the pattern is alternately adding 5 and subtracting 2.
B) No, the pattern is alternately subtracting 2 and adding 5.
C) No, the pattern is alternately subtracting 3 and adding 4.
D) Yes, Madison's description of the pattern is correct.
What’s In
When you were in grade 8, you learned about concepts related to generating patterns
like Inductive Reasoning. The knowledge and skills you acquired are very important
for you to understand how to generate patterns and sequences. Hence, let us review
inductive reasoning and perform the activities that follow.
review
Inductive Reasoning is the process of observing data, recognizing patterns,
and making generalizations (conjecture) from observations. A conjecture is a
conclusion made from observing data or an educated guess based on patterns.
ACROSS
3) 1, 8, 27, 64, 125, ___
5) 4, 20, 100, 500, ___
7) 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, ___
8) J, F, M, A, M, J, J, A, __, __, __, __
DOWN
1) 2, 4, 6, 8 10, ___
2) 128, 64, 32, ___
4) 1, 10, 100, 1000, ___
5) 3, 9, 27, 81, ___
6) 1A, 2B, 3C, ____
9) O, T, T, F, F, S, S, E, ___, ___
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CO_Q1_Mathematics 10_ Module 1
B) Draw the next object in each picture pattern.
1) 4)
2) 5)
3) 6)
What’s New
At this point of the module, you are about to learn the Introduction to Sequences
and Patterns. To understand better how to generate patterns, you will have to
perform the simple activity below.
Activity 2. Let’s Discover!
Direction: Read, understand, and perform the given instructions below then
answer the questions asked.
Materials: string, pair of scissors
1) Prepare five (5) strings with equal lengths.
2) Cut the first string once. (a) How many pieces are there? _____
Cut the second string twice. (b) How many pieces are there? _____
Cut the third string thrice. (c) How many pieces are there? _____
Cut the fourth string four times. (d) How many pieces are there? _____
Cut the fifth string five times. (e) How many pieces are there? _____
3) Based from your answers, complete the table below.
4) Without cutting a string 6 times, how many pieces are there? _____
5) Have you seen a pattern? If yes, describe the pattern and state your conjecture.
Use a formula or equation in your conjecture, where y is the number of pieces
and x is the number of cuts.
6) Using your conjecture, how many pieces of strings can be made from (a)12
cuts? (b) 24 cuts? (c) 35 cuts? and (d) 42 cuts? Show your solutions.
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CO_Q1_Mathematics 10_ Module 1
Were you able to complete the task? If yes, you may proceed to the next page. If no,
take time to finish for you to better understand the next discussions.
What Is It
How did you find activity 2? Have you given idea on how to generate a pattern? Let
us process your answers.
1. Based from the task, the complete solution is shown in the table below:
2. From the table, notice that the number of pieces (y) of strings is one more than
the number of cuts (x). Thus, we can state our conjecture as, “The number of
pieces (y) when a string is cut x times can be computed using the formula y = x
+ 1.”
3. Using the formula y = x + 1, we can now solve the number of pieces of strings
that can be made from 12 cuts? 24 cuts? 35 cuts? and 42 cuts?
a) 12 cuts, 𝑥 = 12 y = 12 + 1 = 13
b) 24 cuts, 𝑥 = 24 y = 24 + 1 = 25
c) 35 cuts, 𝑥 = 35 y = 35 + 1 = 36
d) 42 cuts, 𝑥 = 42 y = 42 + 1 = 43
Were you able to get the same answers? If yes, very good! If no, I hope you were able
to understand the discussions above. Based from the given activity, the number of
pieces, 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 1, when a string is cut 𝑥 times represents a sequence. Thus, the
values of 𝑦 which are 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, . .. is an example of a sequence.
The word sequence means an order in which one thing follows another in succession.
A sequence is an ordered list. For another example, if we write 𝑥, 2𝑥 2 , 3𝑥 3 , 4𝑥 4 , 5𝑥 5 ,
?, what would the next term in the sequence be - the one where the question mark
now stands? The answer is 6𝑥 6 .
definition
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CO_Q1_Mathematics 10_ Module 1
Sequences are classified as finite and infinite. A finite sequence contains a limited
number of terms. This means it has an end or last term. Consider the examples
below.
Sometimes a pattern in the sequence can be obtained and the sequence can be
written using a general term. In the previous example 𝑥, 2𝑥 2 , 3𝑥 3 , 4𝑥 4 , 5𝑥 5 , 6𝑥 6 , . . .,
each term has the same exponent and coefficient. We can write this sequence as
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛𝑥 𝑛 where 𝑛 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, . .., and 𝒂𝒏 is called the general or nth term.
Example 1.
Find the first four terms of the sequence 𝑎𝑛 = 2𝑛 − 1.
𝑎𝟏 = 2(𝟏) − 1 substitute 𝑛 by 1
𝑎1 = 1 simplify
Repeat the same process for the second to the fourth terms.
Find the second term, 𝑛 = 2 𝑎2 = 2(2) − 1 = 4 − 1 = 3
Find the third term, 𝑛 = 3 𝑎3 = 2(3) − 1 = 6 − 1 = 5
Find the fourth term, 𝑛 = 4 𝑎4 = 2(4) − 1 = 8 − 1 = 7
Example 2.
(−1)𝑛
Find the 5th to the 8th terms of the sequence 𝑏𝑛 = .
𝑛+1
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CO_Q1_Mathematics 10_ Module 1
(−1)𝑛
𝑏𝑛 = use the given general term
𝑛+1
(−1)5
𝑏5 = substitute 𝑛 by 5
5+1
−1 1
𝑏5 = =− simplify (−1 raised to an odd number power is always negative)
6 6
Repeat the same process for the 6th to the 8th terms.
(−1)6 1
Find the 6th term, 𝑛 = 6 𝑏6 = =
6+1 7
(−1)7 −1 1
Find the 7th term, 𝑛 = 7 𝑏7 = = =−
7+1 8 8
(−1)8 1
Find the 8th term, 𝑛 = 8 𝑏8 = =
8+1 9
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Therefore, the 5th to the 8th terms of the sequence are − , , − , .
𝟔 𝟕 𝟖 𝟗
Example 3.
Write the general term of the sequence 5, 12, 19, 26, 33, . ..
Solution: Notice that each term is 7 more than the previous term. We can search
the pattern using a tabular form.
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CO_Q1_Mathematics 10_ Module 1
Example 4.
Write the general term of the sequence 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, . ..
Solution: Notice that each term is 2 times the previous term. We can search the
pattern using a tabular form.
Term Given Pattern
1 2 2 21
2 4 2(2) 22
3 8 2(2)(2) 23
4 16 2(2)(2)(2) 24
5 32 2(2)(2)(2)(2) 25
n an 2(2)(2)(2)(2)…(2) 2n
Example 5.
1 1 1 1
Find the general term of the sequence 1, , , , , . ..
4 9 16 25
1 1 1 1 1 1
Solution: , , , , , . .. write 1 as
1 4 9 16 25 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
, , , , ,..., notice each denominator is an integer squared
12 22 32 42 52 𝑛2
𝟏
Therefore, the nth term of the sequence is 𝒂𝒏 = , where 𝑛 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, . ..
𝒏𝟐
What’s More
Now, it’s your turn to apply the concepts on sequences and patterns to find the
specified terms of a sequence when given its general term and vice versa.
Direction: Answer what is asked in each set of exercises on a separate sheet of paper
• In Exercises 1 – 4, write the first four terms of each sequence. Assume 𝑛 starts
at 1.
𝑛
1) 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛 2) 𝑎𝑛 =
𝑛+1
𝑛(𝑛+1)
3) 𝑎𝑛 = (−1)𝑛+1 𝑛2 4) 𝑎𝑛 = 2
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CO_Q1_Mathematics 10_ Module 1
• In Exercises 5 – 8, find the indicated term of each sequence given.
1 𝑛 (𝑛+1)2
5) 𝑎𝑛 = ( ) 𝑎9 = ? 6) 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎14 = ?
2 𝑛−9
(−1)𝑛+1 (𝑛−1)(𝑛+2) 𝑛 𝑛
7) 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛
𝑎7 = ? 8) 𝑎𝑛 = ( 9 − 12) 𝑎99 = ?
• In Exercises 9 – 12, write an expression for the nth term of the given sequence.
Assume 𝑛 starts at 1.
1 1 1 1 1
11) 3, 9, 27, 81, . .. 12) , , , , , . ..
2∙1 3∙2 4∙3 5∙4 6∙5
Great! You have reached this part of the module. To ensure your full understanding
on the concepts related to generating patterns, it’s important that you are able to
complete each statement below.
1) A sequence is ________________________________________________________
2) A term is ____________________________________________________________
3) A finite sequence contains _______________________ while infinite sequence
contains ______________________.
4) To find the specified term/s of a sequence when given the general term,
______________________________________________________________.
5) To write the general term of a sequence when given some terms,
______________________________________________________________.
What I Can Do
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CO_Q1_Mathematics 10_ Module 1
Activity 4. Let’s Investigate!
Step 1. To investigate, you are going to make your own problem to solve. Based from
the figures above, what do you think could be a probable problem to
investigate?
Step 2. Identify your variables (dependent and independent variables). For example,
number of pieces of strings, 𝑎𝑛 , and number of cuts 𝑛. Then list your data.
Step 3. Present your data in a tabular form.
Step 5. Test your conjecture. Using your derived formula or general term, find the
first four terms of your sequence if it matches.
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CO_Q1_Mathematics 10_ Module 1
Assessment
Let us determine how much you have learned from this module. Read and
understand each item, then choose the letter of your answer and write it on your
answer sheet.
3. What are the next three terms of the sequence 1, 11, 22, 34, . . ..?
A) 46, 60, 75 B) 47, 61, 76 C) 42, 54, 66 D) 44, 60, 74
(−1)𝑛
4. What is the 25th term of the sequence 𝑎𝑛 = ?
𝑛2
1 1 25 25
A) 625
B) − 625 C) 625
D) − 625
5. What is the 11th term in the sequence −1, 4, −9, 16, −25, ..?
A) 100 B) −100 C) 121 D) −121
7. Which numerical pattern follows the rule “the next term is obtained by alternately
subtracting 3 and multiplying by 2”, when starting with 5?
A) 5, 10, 20, 40, 50 C) 5, 2, −1, −4, −7
B) 5, 2, 4, 1, 2 D) 5, 8, 16, 19, 38
8. What rule will correctly describe the sequence: 2, 6, 12, 20, 30,…?
A) 𝑛 + 1 B) 𝑛2 + 1 C) 2𝑛 + 1 D) 𝑛2 + 𝑛
1 1 1 1 1
9. Find the nth term of the sequence , − , , − , ,…
2 4 6 8 10
−1 (−1)(n+1) (−1)(n+1) 1
A) an = 2n
B) an = 2
C) an = 2n
D) an = − 2n
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CO_Q1_Mathematics 10_ Module 1
10. Which is the next ordered pair in the pattern (2, 1), (4, 4), (6, 9)?
A) (8, 12) B) (7, 16) C) (8, 16) D) (7, 12)
11. What is the 8th term in the sequence 9, 4, −1, −6, −11, …?
A) −21 B) −26 C) −31 D) −36
(−1)𝑛+1 (𝑛−1)(𝑛+2)
12. In the sequence, 𝑎𝑛 = , what is 𝑎10 ?
𝑛
108 54 52 104
A) 10
B) − 5
C) 5
D) − 10
Additional Activities
Awesome! Before we end this module, let me introduce a puzzle game called Tower
of Hanoi. Are you familiar with this game? If not, allow me to introduce it to you.
If you are interested to play the puzzle, you can search it on the internet. For
the meantime, I just want to use the puzzle game for the purpose of applying
sequences and generating patterns.
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CO_Q1_Mathematics 10_ Module 1
Situation: In playing the game, you can choose the number of disks of your tower
and play with the least possible moves. The least number of moves when
playing the puzzle with respect to the number of disks are as follows:
Task: Based on the above data, find the general term in finding the number of moves
with respect to the number of disks in playing the tower of Hanoi.
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CO_Q1_Mathematics 10_ Module 1
CO_Q1_Mathematics 10_ Module 1
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What I Know (1) C (4) C (7) A (10) D (13) C
(2) D (5) A (8) A (11) B (14) D
(3) B (6) D (9) B (12) A (15) B
What’s In (Activity 1)
What’s More (Activity 3)
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1) 1, 2, 3, 4 4) 1, 3, 6, 10 7) 10) 𝑎𝑛 = (−1)𝑛+1
7
1 2 3 4 1
2) , , , 5) 8) −1 11) 𝑎𝑛 = 3𝑛
2 3 4 5 512
1
3) 1, −4, 9, −16 6) 45 9) 𝑎𝑛 = 2𝑛 12) 𝑎𝑛 =
(𝑛+1)∙𝑛
What I Have Learned
1) a set of objects which is listed in a specific order. 4) answer may vary
2) each member or element in the sequence. 5) answer may vary
3) limited number of terms; countless number of terms
What Can I Do (Activity 4)
No. of Hexagons (n) No. of Triangles (an) Pattern
1 6 6 6 + 4(0)
2 10 6+4 6 + 4(1)
3 14 6+4+4 6 + 4(2)
4 18 6 + 4 + 4 +4 6 + 4(3)
N an 6+4+4+4+…+4 6 + 4( n-1) or 4n + 2
Conjecture:
The total number of triangles, 𝑎𝑛 , used in the nth term hexagonal sequence is 𝟒𝒏 + 𝟐.
(A)
Assessment (1) A (4) B (7) B (10) C (13) C
(2) C (5) D (8) D (11) B (14) C
(3) B (6) C (9) C (12) B (15) A
Additional Activities
The least possible number of moves, 𝑎𝑛 , with respect to the number of disks (𝑛) can be computed using the
general term 𝒂𝒏 = 𝟐𝒏 − 𝟏.
Answer Key
References
Jaap’s Puzzle Page (2012). Tower of Hanoi. Retrieved from
http://nozdr.ru/puzzles/hanoi.htm
Oronce, Orlando and Mendoza, Marilyn (2010). Logical Reasoning. E-math
III Geometry – Revised Edition
SureSwift Capital (2020). Patterns Questions. Help Teaching. Retrieved from
https://www.helpteaching.com/questions/Patterns
Young, Cynthia (2010). Sequences and Series. Precalculus
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CO_Q1_Mathematics 10_ Module 1
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