Components of Operating System

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET
Name: Score:
Grade and Section: Date:
Subject: Computer Systems Servicing (CSS) NC II

Activity Title: Components of Operating System
Reference/s: www.opendata .com www.wikipedia.com,
Learning Concept:
Components of Operating System
An Operating System is a large and complex system that can only be created by partitioning
into small pieces. These pieces should be a well-defined portion on the system, which defined
inputs, outputs, and functions.
Although Mac, Unix, Linux, Windows, and other OS do not have the same structure, most of the
operating systems share similar OS system components like File, Process, Memory, I/O device
management.
Below are the main functions of Operating System:
Functions of Operating System
In an operating systems software performs each of the function:

1. File Management
A file is a set of related information which is should define by its creator. It commonly
represents programs, both source and object forms, and data. Data file can be numeric,
alphabetic, or alphanumeric.
Function of File Management in OS:

The operating system has the following important given activities in connection with file
management:
 File and directory creation and deletion.
 For manipulating files and directories.
 Mapping files onto secondary storage.
 Backup files on stable storage media.
2. Process Management
The process management component is a procedure for managing the many processes
that are running simultaneously on the operating system. Every software application
program has one or more processes associated with them when they are running.
For example, when you use a browser like Google Chrome, there is a process running
for that browser program. The OS also has many processes running, which performing
various functions.
The execution of a process must be sequential so, at least one instruction should be
executed on behalf of the process.
Functions of Process Management in OS:
 Process creation and deletion.
 Suspension and resumption.
 Synchronization process.
 Communication process.
3. I/O Device Management

One of the important use of an operating system that helps you to hide the variations of
specific hardware devices from the user.
Functions of I/O Management in OS:

 It offers buffer caching system
 It provides general device driver code
 It provides drivers for particular hardware devices.
 I/O helps you to know the individualities of a specific device.
4. Network Management
Network management is the process of administering and managing computer networks.
It includes performance management, fault analysis, provisioning of networks, and
maintaining the quality service.
A distributed system is a collection of computers/processors that never share their own

memory or a clock. In this type of system, all the processors have their local memory,
and the processors communicate with each other using different communication lines,
like Fiber optics or Telephone lines.
The computers in the network are connected through a communication network, which
can be configured in a number of different ways. With the help of network management,
the network can be fully or partially connected, which helps users to design routing and
connection strategies that overcome connection and security issues.
Functions of Network Management:

 Distributed systems helps you to various computing resources in size and
function. They may involve microprocessors, minicomputers, and many general-
purpose computer systems.
 A distributed system also offers the user access to the various resources the
network shares.
 It helps to access shared resources that help computation to speed-up or offers
data availability and reliability.
5. Main Memory Management
Main Memory is a large array of storage or bytes, which has an address. The memory
management process is conducted by using a sequence of reads or writes of specific
memory addresses.
In order to execute a program, it should be mapped to absolute addresses and loaded

inside the Memory. The selection of a memory management method depends on several
factors.
However, it is mainly based on the hardware design of the system. Each algorithm
requires corresponding hardware support. Main Memory offers fast storage that can be
accessed directly by the CPU. It is costly and hence has a lower storage capacity.
However, for a program to be executed, it must be in the main memory.
Functions of Memory Management in OS:

 It helps you to keep track of primary memory.
 Determine what part of it are in use by whom, what part is not in use.
 In a multiprogramming system, the OS takes a decision about which process will
get Memory and how much.
 Allocates the memory when a process requests
 It also de-allocates the Memory when a process no longer requires or has been
terminated.
6. Secondary-Storage Management
The most important task of a computer system is to execute programs. These programs,
along with the data, helps you to access, which is in the main memory during execution.
This Memory of the computer is very small to store all data and programs permanently.
The computer system offers secondary storage to back up the main Memory. Today
modern computers use hard drives/SSD as the primary storage of both programs and
data. However, the secondary storage management also works with storage devices,
like a USB flash drive, and CD/DVD drivers.
Functions of Secondary Storage Management in OS:

 Storage allocation
 Free space management
 Disk scheduling
7. Security Management
The various processes in an operating system need to be secured from each other’s
activities. For that purpose, various mechanisms can be used to ensure that those
processes which want to operate files, memory CPU, and other hardware resources
should have proper authorization from the operating system.
For example, Memory addressing hardware helps you to confirm that a process can be
executed within its own address space. The time ensures that no process has control of
the CPU without renouncing it.
Lastly, no process is allowed to do its own I/O, to protect, which helps you to keep the
integrity of the various peripheral devices.
Here are some other important activities of OS:

 The user’s program can’t execute I/O operations directly. The operating system
should provide some medium to perform this.
 OS checks the capability of the program to read, write, create, and delete files.
 OS facilitates an exchanges of information between processes executing on the
same or different systems.
 OS components help you to make sure that you get the correct computing by
detecting errors in the CPU and memory hardware.
Features of Operating System (OS)
Here is a list of important features of OS:

 Protected and supervisor mode
 Allows disk access and file systems Device drivers Networking Security
 Program Execution
 Memory management Virtual Memory Multitasking
 Handling I/O operations
 Manipulation of the file system
 Error detection and handling
 Resource allocation
 Information and Resource Protection
Advantages of using Operating System

 Allows you to hide details of hardware by creating an abstraction.
 Easy to use with a GUI.
 Offers an environment in which a user may execute programs/applications.
 The operating system must make sure that the computer system convenient to use.
 Operating System acts as an intermediary among applications and the hardware
components.
 It provides the computer system resources with easy to use format.
 Acts as an intermediator between all hardware’s and software’s of the system.
Disadvantages of Using Operating System

 If any issue occurs in OS, you may lose all the contents which have been stored in your
system.
 Operating System’s software is quite expensive for small size organization which adds
burden on them. Example: Windows.
 It is never entirely secure as a threat can occur at any time.
Learning Task:
Directions: Enumerate the following questions. Write your answer on the space provided below.
1 – 7: What are the components of Operating System?
8 – 16: What are the important features of Operating System?
17 – 20: What are the functions of I/O Management?
21 – 23: What are the functions of Secondary Storage Management?
24 – 27: What are the functions of Process Management?
28 – 30: Give at least two advantages of using Operating System.

Components of Operating System

Uploaded by

Components of Operating System

Uploaded by

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Subject: Computer Systems Servicing (CSS) NC II

Components of Operating System

Below are the main functions of Operating System:

Functions of Operating System

In an operating systems software performs each of the function:

Function of File Management in OS:

3. I/O Device Management

Functions of I/O Management in OS:

A distributed system is a collection of computers/processors that never share their own

Functions of Network Management:

In order to execute a program, it should be mapped to absolute addresses and loaded

Functions of Memory Management in OS:

Functions of Secondary Storage Management in OS:

Here are some other important activities of OS:

Features of Operating System (OS)

Here is a list of important features of OS:

Advantages of using Operating System

Disadvantages of Using Operating System

You might also like