PSA2 Technical PHP Operators and Control Structure YAP PDF

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER STUDIES
(Applications Development and Emerging

Technologies)
PRE-SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT
2
PHP OPERATORS AND CONTROL STRUCTURE
Student Name / Group YAP, CARL IVAN M.

Name:
Name Role
Members (if Group):
Section: TR21
Professor: MR. RAMIR RAMIREZ

I. PROGRAM OUTCOME/S (PO) ADDRESSED BY THE LABORATORY EXERCISE
• Design, implement and evaluate computer-based systems or applications to meet desired needs and
requirements.
II. COURSE LEARNING OUTCOME/S (CLO) ADDRESSED BY THE LABORATORY EXERCISE

• Understand and apply best practices and standards in the development of website.
III. INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOME/S (ILO) OF THE LABORATORY EXERCISE
At the end of this exercise, students must be able to:
• To understand the different types of operators that are available on PHP.
• To know what is operator precedence and operator associativity in PHP.
• To use escape sequence properly in the program.
• To know the different approach of control structures.
• To know the fundamentals syntax for conditional and looping structures.
• To properly use the compound expression using the logical operators.
• To know the rules of break, continue, and goto statements.
IV. BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Applications Development and Emerging Technologies Page 2 of 15

Try following example to understand all the arithmetic operators.
<html>
<head>
<title>Arithmetical Operators</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php
$a = 42;
$b = 20;
$c = $a + $b;
echo "Addition Operation Result: $c ";
$c = $a - $b;
echo "Subtraction Operation Result: $c ";
$c = $a * $b;
echo "Multiplication Operation Result: $c ";
$c = $a / $b;
echo "Division Operation Result: $c ";
$c = $a % $b;
echo "Modulus Operation Result: $c ";
$c = $a++;
echo "Increment Operation Result: $c ";
$c = $a--;
echo "Decrement Operation Result: $c ";
?>
</body>
</html>
This will produce the following result –
Addition Operation Result: 62

Subtraction Operation Result: 22
Multiplication Operation Result: 840
Division Operation Result: 2.1
Modulus Operation Result: 2
Increment Operation Result: 42
Decrement Operation Result: 43
PHP Conditional Statements

Very often when you write code, you want to perform different actions for different
conditions. You can use conditional statements in your code to do this.

In PHP we have the following conditional statements:
• if statement - executes some code if one condition is true

• if...else statement - executes some code if a condition is true
and another code if that condition is false
• if...elseif...else statement - executes different codes for more than
two conditions
• switch statement - selects one of many blocks of code to be executed
PHP - The if Statement

The if statement executes some code if one condition is true.
Syntax
if (condition) {
code to be executed if condition is true;
}
Example
<?php
$t = date("H");
if ($t < "20") {

echo "Have a good day!";
}
?>
Output "Have a good day!" if the current time (HOUR) is less than 20:
PHP – The if…else Statement

The if...else statement executes some code if a condition is true and another
code if that condition is false.
Syntax
if (condition) {
code to be executed if condition is true;
} else {
code to be executed if condition is false;
}

Example
<?php
$t = date("H");
if ($t < "20") {
} else {
echo "Have a good night!";
}
?>
Output "Have a good day!" if the current time is less than 20, and "Have a
good night!" otherwise:
PHP - The if...elseif...else Statement

The if...elseif...else statement executes different codes for more than two
conditions.
Syntax
if (condition) {
code to be executed if this condition is true;
} elseif (condition) {
code to be executed if first condition is false and this condition is
true;
} else {
code to be executed if all conditions are false;
}
Example
Output "Have a good morning!" if the current time is less than 10, and "Have a
good day!" if the current time is less than 20. Otherwise it will output "Have a
good night!":
<?php
$t = date("H");
if ($t < "10") {

echo "Have a good morning!";
} elseif ($t < "20") {
} else {

echo "Have a good night!";
}
?>
The PHP switch Statement

Use the switch statement to select one of many blocks of code to be
executed.
Syntax
switch (n) {
case label1:
code to be executed if n=label1;
break;
case label2:
break;
case label3:
break;
...
default:
code to be executed if n is different from all labels;
}
Example
<?php
$favcolor = "red";
switch ($favcolor) {
case "red":
echo "Your favorite color is red!";
break;
case "blue":
echo "Your favorite color is blue!";
break;
case "green":
echo "Your favorite color is green!";
break;
default:
echo "Your favorite color is neither red, blue, nor green!";
}
?>

This is how it works: First we have a single expression n (most often a
variable), that is evaluated once. The value of the expression is then
compared with the values for each case in the structure. If there is a match,
the block of code associated with that case is executed. Use break to prevent
the code from running into the next case automatically. The default statement
is used if no match is found.
PHP Loops
Often when you write code, you want the same block of code to run over
and over again a certain number of times. So, instead of adding several
almost equal code-lines in a script, we can use loops.
Loops are used to execute the same block of code again and again, as long as
a certain condition is true.
In PHP, we have the following loop types:
• while - loops through a block of code as long as the specified condition

is true
• do...while - loops through a block of code once, and then repeats the
loop as long as the specified condition is true
• for - loops through a block of code a specified number of times
• foreach - loops through a block of code for each element in an array
PHP while Loop

The while loop - Loops through a block of code as long as the specified
condition is true.
The while loop executes a block of code as long as the specified condition is
true.
Syntax
while (condition is true) {
code to be executed;
}

Example
The example below displays the numbers from 1 to 5:
<?php
$x = 1;
while($x <= 5) {
echo "The number is: $x ";
$x++;
}
?>
Example Explained
• $x = 1; - Initialize the loop counter ($x), and set the start value to 1
• $x <= 5 - Continue the loop as long as $x is less than or equal to 5
• $x++; - Increase the loop counter value by 1 for each iteration
PHP do while Loop

The do...while loop - Loops through a block of code once, and then repeats
the loop as long as the specified condition is true.
The do...while loop will always execute the block of code once, it will then check
the condition, and repeat the loop while the specified condition is true.
Syntax
do {
} while (condition is true);
Example
The example below first sets a variable $x to 1 ($x = 1). Then, the do while
loop will write some output, and then increment the variable $x with 1. Then
the condition is checked (is $x less than, or equal to 5?), and the loop will
continue to run as long as $x is less than, or equal to 5:
<?php
$x = 1;

do {
$x++;
} while ($x <= 5);
?>
Note: In a do...while loop the condition is tested AFTER executing the

statements within the loop. This means that the do...while loop will execute its
statements at least once, even if the condition is false. See example below.
PHP for Loop

The for loop - Loops through a block of code a specified number of times.
The for loop is used when you know in advance how many times the script
should run.
Syntax
for (init counter; test counter; increment counter)
{ code to be executed for each iteration;
}
Parameters:
• init counter: Initialize the loop counter value

• test counter: Evaluated for each loop iteration. If it evaluates to
TRUE, the loop continues. If it evaluates to FALSE, the loop ends.
• increment counter: Increases the loop counter value
Example
The example below displays the numbers from 0 to 10:
<?php
for ($x = 0; $x <= 10; $x++) {
}
?>
PHP foreach Loop

The foreach loop - Loops through a block of code for each element in an
array.
The foreach loop works only on arrays, and is used to loop through each
key/value pair in an array.
Syntax
foreach ($array as $value) {
}
For every loop iteration, the value of the current array element is assigned
to $value and the array pointer is moved by one, until it reaches the last
array element.
Example
The example will output the values of the given array ($colors):
<?php
$colors = array("red", "green", "blue", "yellow");
foreach ($colors as $value) {

echo "$value ";
}
?>
PHP Break and Continue

You have already seen the break statement used in an earlier chapter of this
tutorial. It was used to "jump out" of a switch statement.
PHP Break
The break statement can also be used to jump out of a loop.
This example jumps out of the loop when x is equal to 4:
Example
<?php
for ($x = 0; $x < 10; $x++) {
if ($x == 4) {
break;
}

}
?>
PHP Continue
The continue statement breaks one iteration (in the loop), if a specified condition
occurs, and continues with the next iteration in the loop.
This example skips the value of 4:
Example
<?php
for ($x = 0; $x < 10; $x++) {
if ($x == 4) {
continue;
}
}
?>
V. GRADING SYSTEM / RUBRIC (please see separate sheet)

VI. LABORATORY ACTIVITY
1. Using PHP operators create a length conversion page, integrated with HTML
and CSS (note: use formula for each conversion)
Example: 1 meter = 100
centimeter Sample Output:

2. Using conditional statement create a grade ranking program, integrated with
HTML and CSS.
Example
Grade = 92 Ranking: A-

Use the equivalents below
A: 93-100
A-: 90-92
B+: 87-89
B: 83-86
B-: 80-82
C+: 77-79
C: 73-76
C-: 70-72
D+: 67-69
D: 63-66
D-: 60-62
F: Below 60
Sample Output
Name: First Name MI. Lastame
Rank: Grade: Picture

A 95
3. Using Looping Statements write a program which will give you all of the
potential combinations of a two-digit decimal combination, printed in a
comma delimited format :
Sample output :
00, 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18,
19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37,

38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56,
57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75,
76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94,
95, 96, 97, 98, 99,
Snip and paste your source codes here. Snip it directly from the IDE so that colors of the codes are
preserved for readability. Include additional pages if necessary.
EXERCISE 1 SOURCE CODE AND CSS

OUTPUT
OUTPUT

OUTPUT
VII. QUESTION AND ANSWER
1. What are the different Arithmetic operators used in the lab activity? describe each
In this lab activity, I mostly used multiplication and division. I used them both in the first activity
when I’m converting the lengths into different metrics.
2. Can you apply formula in webpages? Give an example

Yes you can apply formulas in webpages. In the first activity, I applied a formula to convert the
lengths into different metric systems.
3. What are the different conditional statements? Describe each
IF- executes the code if the condition is true
ELSE IF- executes the next condition if the first one is false
ELSE- executes the last condition if nothing is true
4. Can you create a condition inside of a condition?
Yes, it is called nesting. You can do it in loops or in conditional statements
5. Do you think these conditional statements is important in the program? Then why?
Yes, because it lets the program be dynamic.
6. What are the different looping statements in PHP? Describe each
WHILE – will execute the code until the condition is false.
DO WHILE- will execute the code at least once and will stop once the condition becomes false
FOR – executes the code for a specified number of times
FOR EACH- executes the code with the same number of times as the elements in an array.
7. What is the importance of looping?
It prevents redundancy in a program making more shorter and easier to understand.
VIII. REFERENCES
1. https://www.w3schools.com/css/
2. https://www.w3schools.com/html/
3. https://www.w3schools.com/php/php_variables.asp
4. https://www.w3resource.com/php/operators/arithmetic-operators.php
5. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/php/php_arithmatic_operators_examples.htm
6. https://www.math10.com/en/algebra/convenrsion-factors-length-area-volume-mass-speed-
energy-power-force.html
7. https://www.w3schools.com/php/php_if_else.asp
8. https://www.w3schools.com/php/php_switch.asp
9. https://www.foxinfotech.in/2019/01/php-form-example-student-grading-system.html
10. https://www.w3schools.com/php/php_looping.asp
11. https://www.w3schools.com/php/php_looping_while.asp
12. https://www.w3schools.com/php/php_looping_do_while.asp
13. https://www.w3schools.com/php/php_looping_for.asp
14. https://www.w3schools.com/php/php_looping_foreach.asp
15. https://www.w3schools.com/php/php_looping_break.asp

Note: The following rubrics/metrics will be used to grade students’ output.
Program (100 (Excellent) (Good) (Fair) (Poor)

pts.)
Program Program executes Program executes Program executes Program does not
execution (20pts) correctly with no with less than 3 with more than 3 execute (10-
syntax or runtime errors (15-17pts) errors (12-14pts) 11pts)
errors (18-20pts)
Correct output Program displays Output has minor Output has Output is incorrect
(20pts) correct output errors (15-17pts) multiple errors (10-11pts)
with no errors (12-14pts)
(18-20pts)
Design of output Program displays Program displays Program does not Output is poorly
(10pts) more than minimally display the designed (5pts)
expected (10pts) expected output required output
(8-9pts) (6-7pts)
Design of logic Program is Program has Program has Program is
(20pts) logically well slight logic errors significant logic incorrect (10-
designed (18- that do no errors (3-5pts) 11pts)
20pts) significantly
affect the results
(15-17pts)
Standards Program code is Few inappropriate Several Program is poorly
(20pts) stylistically well design choices inappropriate written (10-11pts)
designed (18- (i.e. poor variable design choices
20pts) names, improper (i.e. poor variable
indentation) (15- names, improper
17pts) indentation) (12-
14pts)
Delivery The program was The program was The program was The program was
(10pts) delivered on time. delivered a day delivered two delivered more
(10pts) after the deadline. days after the than two days
(8-9pts) deadline. (6-7pts) after the deadline.
(5pts)

PSA2 Technical PHP Operators and Control Structure YAP PDF

Uploaded by

PSA2 Technical PHP Operators and Control Structure YAP PDF

Uploaded by

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER STUDIES

(Applications Development and Emerging

Student Name / Group YAP, CARL IVAN M.

Professor: MR. RAMIR RAMIREZ

II. COURSE LEARNING OUTCOME/S (CLO) ADDRESSED BY THE LABORATORY EXERCISE

IV. BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Applications Development and Emerging Technologies Page 2 of 15

This will produce the following result –

Addition Operation Result: 62

PHP Conditional Statements

Applications Development and Emerging Technologies Page 3 of 15

• if statement - executes some code if one condition is true

PHP - The if Statement

if ($t < "20") {

PHP – The if…else Statement

Applications Development and Emerging Technologies Page 4 of 15

PHP - The if...elseif...else Statement

if ($t < "10") {

Applications Development and Emerging Technologies Page 5 of 15

The PHP switch Statement

Applications Development and Emerging Technologies Page 6 of 15

In PHP, we have the following loop types:

• while - loops through a block of code as long as the specified condition

PHP while Loop

Applications Development and Emerging Technologies Page 7 of 15

PHP do while Loop

Applications Development and Emerging Technologies Page 8 of 15

Note: In a do...while loop the condition is tested AFTER executing the

PHP for Loop

• init counter: Initialize the loop counter value

PHP foreach Loop

Applications Development and Emerging Technologies Page 9 of 15

foreach ($colors as $value) {

PHP Break and Continue

Applications Development and Emerging Technologies Page 10 of 15

This example skips the value of 4:

V. GRADING SYSTEM / RUBRIC (please see separate sheet)

centimeter Sample Output:

Applications Development and Emerging Technologies Page 11 of 15

Applications Development and Emerging Technologies Page 12 of 15

Name: First Name MI. Lastame

Rank: Grade: Picture

Applications Development and Emerging Technologies Page 13 of 15

EXERCISE 1 SOURCE CODE AND CSS

EXERCISE 3 SOURCE CODE AND CSS

VII. QUESTION AND ANSWER

2. Can you apply formula in webpages? Give an example

Applications Development and Emerging Technologies Page 14 of 15

Program (100 (Excellent) (Good) (Fair) (Poor)

Applications Development and Emerging Technologies Page 15 of 15

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