LEARNING MATERIAL IN TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 1

Unit 2
YOUth Challenge:

Hello pre-service teachers! Welcome to the second unit of our course. In this Learning Material
2, challenge yourself to attain the following learning outcomes:
1. Discuss some ICT policies and explain their implications to teaching and learning
2. Explain some issues that relate to ICT policies
3. Reflect on the significance of safety concerns on Internet through individual reflection
writing

Teacher’s O’clock:
Hi everyone! I am back! This will be the second set of topics for this course. All of the activities
and discussions here are lifted from the books of Habulan 2016 and Bilbao et. al., 2019.
Before you start the challenge, please be encouraged to take all the contents of this LM seriously,
including the activities. It has been said that when you work all by your heart and might, you will
learn more. So, what are you waiting for? Start working hard and enjoy learning!

POLICIES AND ISSUES ON INTERNET AND IMPLICATIONS

TO TEACHING AND LEARNING

DEFINITION OF ICT POLICY

The Oxford English Dictionary has defined “policy” as a course of action, adopted and pursued
by a government, party, ruler, statesman. It is any course of action adopted as expedient or
advantageous. Its operational definition of policy is a form of action to guide decisions and achieve
outcomes.
Thus, ICT Policies are needed to put a roadmap or course of actions to be pursued and adopted
by various governments, organizations, entities involving ICT. These include principles and
guidelines in the use of ICT which over three main areas: Telecommunications (telephone),
broadcasting (radio and television) and internet.
THE NEW ICT TECHNOLOGIES
More recent technological innovations increased the reach and speed of communications which
can be grouped into three categories:
1. Information Technology – includes the use of computers, which has become
indispensable in modern societies to process date and save time and effort. What are
needed will be computer hardware and peripherals, software and for the user;
computer literacy.

19 Unit 2 ICT Policies and Issues: Implications to Teaching and Learning

 LEARNING MATERIAL IN TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 1

2. Telecommunication technologies – includes telephones (with fax) and the

broadcasting of radio and television often through satellites. Telephone system, radio
and TV broadcasting are needed in this category.
3. Networking technologies – The best known of networking technologies is Internet, but
has extended to mobile phone technology, Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP)
satellite communication and other forms of communications are still in their infancy. In
addition to Internet, this category also includes mobile telephone, cable, DSL, satellite
and other broadband connectivity.
THE DICT ROADMAP
In our country, the Department of Information and Communication Technology (DICT) has
formulated a roadmap to guide all agencies in the utilization, regulation and enhancement of ICT.
Each project has corresponding policy statements and guidelines.
The ICT for Education (ICT4E) is a program under the DICT that supports all the efforts of the
education sector in incorporating the use of ICT as well as in determining and gaining access to
the infrastructure (hardware, software, telecommunications facilities and others) which are
necessary to use and deploy learning technologies at all levels of education. Among the policy
recommended programs that have applications to education teaching-learning are:
1. ICT in Education Masterplan for all levels, including a National Roadmap for Faculty
Development in ICT in Education. A National Framework Plan for ICTs in Basic
Education was developed.
2. Content and application development through the Open Content in Education
Initiative (OCEI) which converts DepEd materials into interactive multi-media
content, develop applications used in schools, and conduct students and teachers’
competitions to promote the development of education-related web content.
3. PheDNET, is a “walled” garden that hosts educational learning and teaching
materials and applications for use by Filipino students, their parents and teachers.
All public high schools will be part of this network with only DepEd-approved multi-
media applications, materials and mirrored internet sites accessible from school’s
PCs.
4. Established Community eLearning Centers called eSkwela for out-of-school youth
(OSY) proving them with ICT-enhanced alternative education opportunities.
5. eQuality Program for tertiary education through partnerships with state universities
and colleges (SUCs) to improve quality of IT education and the use of ICT in
education in the country, particularly outside of Metro Manila.
6. Digital Media Arts Program which builds digital media skills for government using
Open Source technologies. Particular beneficiary agencies include the Philippine
Information Agency and the other government media organizations, the Cultural
Center of the Philippines, National Commission for Culture and Arts and other
government art agencies, State Universities and Colleges and local government
units.
7. ICT skills strategic plan which develops an inter-agency approach to identifying
strategic and policy and program recommendations to address ICT skills demand-
supply type.

20 Unit 2 ICT Policies and Issues: Implications to Teaching and Learning

 LEARNING MATERIAL IN TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 1

All the seven programs were guided by the roadmap that embeds policy statements that relate to
education specifically in the enhancement of human development for teaching and learning.

SOME ISSUES ON ICT AND INTERNET POLICY AND REGULATIONS

Global Issues
Access and Civil Liberties are two sets of issues in ICT Policy which are crucial to the modern
society. The other concern is civil liberties which refer to human rights and freedom. These include
freedom of expression, the right to privacy, the right to communicate and intellectual property
rights.
Access to the Use of Internet and ICT. Access mean the possibility for everyone to use the internet
and other media. In richer countries, basic access to internet is almost available to all with faster
broadband connections. There are still countries where access to internet is still a challenge.
Infringement to Civil Liberties or Human Rights. What are specific internet issues on internet policy
that have relationship to civil liberties or human rights? Let’s study the examples that follow.
Issue No. 1: Freedom of Expression and Censorship
Under international human rights conventions, all people are guaranteed the right for free
expression. However, with the shift from communicating through letter, newspapers and public
meetings to electronic communications and o-line networking, a need to look into how these new
means modifies the understanding of freedom of expression and censorship.
The UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights provides that everyone has the right to freedom
of thought, conscience and religion, likewise the right to freedom of opinion and expression.
However, there are practices that violate these provisions in the use of internet.
Some examples are the following:
1. Individual rights are given up in order to have access to electronic networks. Microsoft
Network’s (MSN’s contracts provide protection of individuals like “upload, or otherwise
make available files that contain images, photographs or other materials protected by
intellectual property laws, including but not limiting to copy right or trademark laws,
unless you own or control the rights thereto or gave received all necessary consents
to do the same.” However, Microsoft reserves the rights, in its sole discretion, to
terminate access to any or all MSN sites or services.
2. Censorship restricts the transmission of information by blocking it or filtering the
information. Blocking is preventing access to whole areas of internet based upon the
“blacklist” of certain Internet address, location or email addresses while filtering is
sifting the packets of data or messages as they move across computer networks and
eliminating those considered “undesirable” materials. The selection of sites that are
blocked or filtered has been considered as an issue.
3. Defamation actions may be used to silence critics. These actions deter the freedom of
expression.

21 Unit 2 ICT Policies and Issues: Implications to Teaching and Learning

 LEARNING MATERIAL IN TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 1

Issue No. 2: Privacy and Security

Privacy policies are an issue. Most commercial sites have a privacy policy. When someone uses
a site and clicks “I agree” button, it is as if you have turned over private information to any authority
that may access it.
There are several types of privacy as shown by the following examples:
1. For most, privacy means “personal privacy” the right of individuals not to have their
home, private life or personal life interfered with.
2. Privacy of communication refers to the protection from interference with
communication over the phone or internet. Respect for privacy of communications is
an essential prerequisite for the maintenance of human relationship via technological
communications media.
3. Information privacy is related to the use of computers and communications system
which are able to hold and process information about large numbers of people at a
high speed. It is important to ensure that information will only be used for purposes for
which it was gathered and will not be disclosed to others without consent of the
individuals.
Issue No. 3: Surveillance and Data Retention
The use of electronic communications has enhanced the development of indirect surveillance. In
the indirect surveillance, there is no direct contact between the agent and the subject of
surveillance but evidence of activities can be traced. The new and powerful form of indirect
surveillance is dataveillance. Dataveillance is the use of personal information to monitor a
person’s activities while date retention is the storage and use of information from communication
systems.
There is very little that can be done to prevent surveillance. What can be done is to change the
methods of working to make surveillance difficult. This is called “counter surveillance” or
“information security” if it refers to computers and electronic communication.
Issue No. 4: E-pollutants from E-waste
Large amount of e-waste is generated by ICT. These are in particular, terminal equipments used
for computing (PCs, Laptops), broadcasting (television and radiosets), telephony (fixed and
mobile phones0, and peripheral (fax machines, printers and scanners).
The accumulate e-waste is due to rapid turnover of equipment due to rapid improvement of
software. While material waste can be destroyed by crushing, toxic material brought about by the
different equipment requires utmost management. The quantities of e-waste are increasing in
both developed and developing countries. A very dismissal state is that there is a significant
amount of electronic waste that has been shipped from industrial countries to developing
countries, using less environmentally-responsible procedure.
Remedies include standardization and regulatory measures to increase the life cycle of equipment
before they become obsolete. Efficient extraction of toxic components and requiring the recycling
by both consumers and equipment vendors are selling must be required.
If not controlled the, e-waste will tremendously affect climate change, damage human lives, and
overload the capacity of the earth in carrying solid waste.
22 Unit 2 ICT Policies and Issues: Implications to Teaching and Learning
 LEARNING MATERIAL IN TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 1

Implications to Teaching and Learning

How do the policy guidelines, projects and issues affect the teaching and learning?
There are great implications of this lesson to both the teachers who are teaching and the learners
who are learning. A few of these are as follows:
For the Teachers and Teaching
1. Guide the teachers on what they should teach that relate to ICT, and how to teach it.
Since ICT development comes so rapid and fast, teachers might be overwhelmed by
its rapid speed. Temperance in its use is a caution that should be looked at.
2. Technology should never replace any human teacher. The tools are support
instructional materials for the teachers which are available for use. The teacher should
learn how to appropriately use them. The human touch of the teacher is still a vital
component in teaching. Teachers should always be reminded that there are always
limitations in the use of the different gadget and tools.
3. There are rules and regulations that govern the use of technology. Caution should be
observed to protect individual privacy. As teachers, you must be aware that the use of
technology may jeopardize your privacy and security.
4. All the issues and many more shall be part of the teaching content as each teacher
will be encouraged to use technology in teaching.
For the Learners and Learning
The learners of the 21st century is even more advanced than some of the teachers. However,
learners still need guidance on how to use, regulate technology use. As there are positive and
negative effects of technology use, learners should know the difference. Learners should not only
know the benefits of technology use, but they should also know how they can be protected from
the hazards that technology brings to their lives.
Learners should take advantage of the potential of learning support they can derive such as the
development of higher order thinking skills, the development of learning communities through
collaboration, the enhancement of skills to manage the vast resources as 2st century learners
and many more.
Both the teachers and learners should be mindful of the e-waste that are being thrown away to
the land and to the atmosphere. Thus, safety in the use of technology shall be presented in the
next lesson.

NATIONAL ICT LAWS, POLICIES AND REGULATIONS THAT ARE APPLICABLE TO

TEACHING AND LEARNING

National, regional, and international laws can govern behavior in cyberspace and regulate
criminal justice matters relating to cybercrimes. These laws not only set rules and expectations
for behavior, but also the procedures to be followed in the event that the rules are broken and
behavior expectations are not met. In this LM, you will be provided with the brief descriptions of
the ICT laws, policies and regulations. However, at the end of this learning material, you will see
the complete copy of each law for further readings.

23 Unit 2 ICT Policies and Issues: Implications to Teaching and Learning

 LEARNING MATERIAL IN TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 1

Official Record R.A. 10175

Title of the Law Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012
This law aims to address legal issues concerning online interactions and
the Internet in the Philippines. Among the cybercrime offenses included in
Brief Description
the bill are cybersquatting, cybersex, child pornography, identity theft,
illegal access to data and libel.
Reference https://romelineblog.wordpress.com

Official Record R.A. 9995

Title of the Law Anti-Photo Voyeurism Act of 2009

The law prohibits recording videos of taking photos of a sexual act, the male
or female genitalia, and of the female breast, among others, without consent
Brief Description of the persons featured in the material. The law ultimately seeks to prevent
the reproduction, distribution, and publication of said material regardless of
whether or not the persons featured consented to the recording.
https:///elegal.ph/the-anti-photo-and-video-voyeurism-act-of-2009-a-
Reference
primer/

Official Record R.A. 9775

Title of the Law Anti-Child Pornography Act of 2009

This is an Act defining the crime of Child Pornography, prescribing penalties and
other purposes. This law creates an Inter-Agency Council Against Child
Brief Description
Pornography, which is tasked by the law itself with promulgating rules and
regulations.
Reference https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph

Official Record R.A.8792

Title of the Law
E-Commerce Act of 2000

Brief Description This is an Act providing for the recognition and use of electronic commercial and
non-commercial transactions, penalties for unlawful use thereof, and other
purposes.
Reference https://digitalfilipino.com/

Official Record R.A.8484

Title of the Law Access Device Regulations of Act of 1998

This is an Act regulating the issuance and use of access devices, prohibiting
Brief Description fraudulent acts committed relative thereto, providing penalties and for other
purposes.
Reference https://www.lawphil.net/

24 Unit 2 ICT Policies and Issues: Implications to Teaching and Learning

 LEARNING MATERIAL IN TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 1

Official Record R.A.4200

Title of the Law Anti-Wiretapping Law

This is an Act to prohibit and penalize wiretapping and other related violations of the
Brief Description
privacy of communication, and for other purposes.
Reference https://www.senate.gov.ph

SAFETY ISSUES ON THE USE OF ICT INCLUDING e-SAFETY RULES

SOME RISKS IN THE USE OF ICT AND E-NETWORKING

Technology is a phenomenon that seems to be uncontrollable. Despite the so many benefits for
teaching and learning, there are also negative effects or influence on the learners. Hence as future
teachers you have to be aware of how to safeguard learners in the school communities where
they spend most of their waking hours and also in their homes or facilities that provide
opportunities to use digital technologies like Internet Cafes. Safeguard and protection should be
the primordial role of parents, teachers and schools. There are so many risks that we have to be
aware of in the use of digital technologies. These may include the following:
1. Exposure to inappropriate content, including on-line pornography, extremism
(exposure to violence associated with racist language);
2. Lifestyle websites like self-harms and suicide sites, and hate sites;
3. Cyber-bullying in all forms, receiving sexually explicit images or messages;
4. Privacy issues including disclosure of personal information;
5. Health and well-being (amount of time spent on-line, internet gaming and many more;
6. Prolonged exposure to on-line technologies, particularly at an early age;
7. Addiction to gambling and gaming;
8. Theft and fraud from activities such as phishing;
9. Viruses, Trojans, Spyware and other malware; and
10. Social pressure to maintain online networks via texting and social networking sites.
MINOR MISUSE OF ICT
In school, some minor misuse made by learners include the following:

• Copying information into assignment and failing to acknowledge the source

(plagiarism and copyright infringement)
• Downloading material not relevant to their studies
• Misconduct associated with subject logins, such as using someone else’s password
• Leaving a mobile phone turned on during the class period
• Unauthorized taking of pictures or images with mobile phone camera still or moving.
e-SAFETY
With all of the above concerns and many more, how do we confront all of these so as to protect
our future generations?

25 Unit 2 ICT Policies and Issues: Implications to Teaching and Learning

 LEARNING MATERIAL IN TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 1

e-safety takes care not only of internet technologies but also of electronic communications via
mobile phones, games consoles and wireless technology. It highlights the need to educate
children and young people about the benefits, risks and responsibilities of using information
technology. Here are some issues of e-safety.

• e-safety helps safeguard children and young people in the digital world;
• e-safety emphasizes learning to understand and new technologies in a positive way;
• e-safety educates children about the risks as well as the benefits so we ca feel
confident online; and
• e-safety supports young learners and adults to develop safer online behaviors, both
in and out of school.
NETWORK MANAGEMENT
1. Safety in the Use of Network in Schools
1.1 Make clear that no one should log on as another user.
1.2 Require all users to always log off when they have finished working.
1.3 Maintain equipment to ensure health and safety.
1.4 Provide students to access to content and resources through guided e-learning.
1.5 Set up a clear disaster recovery system in place for critical date that include secure, remote
back
up of critical data.
1.6 Secure wireless network to appropriate standards suitable for educational use.
1.7 Install computer equipment professionally and meet health and safety standards.
1.8 Review the school ICT system regularly with regard to health and safety and security.

2. Password Policy
2.1 Only authorized users will have individual password. Users are not permitted to disclose
their password unless they got permission from the owner or from the management. The
equipment that keeps the personal information shall be locked when unattended to prevent
unauthorized access.
Computers should be set to a time out if they become unused for a certain period of time.

3. Personal mobile phones and mobile devices

3.1 All mobile phones shall be kept away in a box away from the children or learners and
access is only allowed at break time or at the end of classes or when needed
during the class period.

4. Cameras
4.1 Taking pictures only from parents or caregivers and not from any other family member or
friend while the child attends class.
4.2 Any picture taken of children shall be on cameras solely for the purpose.

SETTING UP AN EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY ROOM

Schools that plan to dedicate a room where the students can access technologies for learning
should include the following basic safety rules:
1. Provide tiltable tables. These tables can be tilted and adjusted to the height of the
users.
2. Provide anti-glare screen filters.
3. Provide adjustable chairs.

26 Unit 2 ICT Policies and Issues: Implications to Teaching and Learning

 LEARNING MATERIAL IN TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 1

4. Provide foot support.

5. Make sure lightning is suitable.
6. Make sure work stations are not cramped.
7. Plan work at a computer so that there are frequent breaks.
More specifically safety rules that can reduce risk of accidents in the working stations should
include:
1. No trailing wires across or around the room which people can trip on.
2. Electrical sockets should not be overloaded.
3. Electrical equipment should be safety-tested at least once a year.
4. There should be adequate space around desk for people to move.
5. Bags and obstacles should be stored out of the way.
6. Food and drinks should not be placed near machines.
7. Heating and ventilation should be suitable for the working environment.
8. Fire extinguishers should be available.
9. Fire exits should be clearly marked and free from clutter.

27 Unit 2 ICT Policies and Issues: Implications to Teaching and Learning

 LEARNING MATERIAL IN TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 1

Individual Activity #4

New technologies have become central to the lives of every individual in this planet. Whether you
are talking on the phone, sending an electronic mail, going to the bank, using the library, watching
news on television, going to the doctor, catching a flight, or seeing a movie, you are using ICT.
Almost everything that we do in the modern world is influenced by the new technologies.
Would your life as a teacher be also influenced by the new technology?

Should we live our lives to be controlled by technology or should we control the utilization of
technology in our lives? How?

28 Unit 2 ICT Policies and Issues: Implications to Teaching and Learning

 LEARNING MATERIAL IN TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 1

Individual Activity #5

The Absence of Cybercrime Laws

Read the situation and try to answer the questions below. You can work with your study buddy.

In 2000, the infamous LOVE BUG virus was distributed via email with the subject title ‘ILOVEYOU”
by clicking on an attachment, malware was downloaded onto the user’s system and the virus
spread by sending itself to the email addresses listed in the compromised user’s email address
book. The creator and distributor of the LOVE BUG virus, Onel De Guzman, resided in the
Philippines, which, at the time, did not have a law criminalizing this act (Maras, 2014).

Questions:
1. What are the implications of the absence of national cybercrime laws?

2. Are there any other countries where this might occur today?

29 Unit 2 ICT Policies and Issues: Implications to Teaching and Learning

 LEARNING MATERIAL IN TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 1

Reflection Writing #3

Using technology is not a risk by itself, but how it is used will be vulnerable to risks. When
improperly used, it will pose danger to the users in school and at home. What are the safety issues
that are needed to be addressed by safety policy and guidelines? As future teachers, do you need
to know all of these?

References:
Habulan, Nenita, V., 2016, Pedagogical foundations in educational technology, Lorimar
Publishing Incorporated.
Bilbao, Purita, et. al., 2019. Technology for teaching and learning 1, Lorimar Publishing
Incorporated
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2012/09/12/republic-act-no-10175/
https://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2010/ra_9995_2010.html
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2009/11/17/republic-act-no-9775-s-2009/
http://www.mondaq.com/x/9200/Electronic+Commerce+Act+Republic+Act+No+8792
https://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1998/ra_8484_1998.html
https://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1965/ra_4200_1965.html
https://www.deped.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/DO-No.-78-s.-2010.pdf

30 Unit 2 ICT Policies and Issues: Implications to Teaching and Learning