International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 07 Issue: 06 | June 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Transient Stability Analysis of Synchronous Generator in

Power System
Comparison of Time Domain Method and Direct Method (For Single Machine System)
1Himadri S. Shukla, 2Vishal Thakkar, 3Parth R. Mishra, 4Satish D. Patel
1Student of Master Degree, Department of Electrical Engineering, Kalol Institute Technology, Kalol, Gujarat, India
2Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Kalol Institute Technology, Kalol, Gujarat, India
3Lecturer, Department of Electrical Engineering, K.D.Polytechnic , Patan, Gujarat,
4Lecturer, Department of Electrical Engineering, R.C.T.I, Ahemdabad, Gujarat, India

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Abstract - Transient stability of synchronous generator can  Excitation system modelling
be analysed by different methods like time domain method,  Transformer and transmission line
direct method and artificial intelligent method. This report modelling
shows the application of different methods in transient
 Different types of load modelling
stability analysis of synchronous generator in power system.
 Facts controller modelling
Problems and issues in application of direct method are listed.
 Turbine and speed control scheme modelling
Advantages, disadvantages and comparison of different
 Different type of models is possible in case of
methods are listed in this report. Critical clearing time of Time
synchronous generator.
domain method and Direct method is compared in this report.
 Model 0.0 (Classical model)
 Model 1.0 (Only field circuit)
Key words - Time domain method, Direct method,  Model 1.1 (One field circuit on d-axis and
Comparison of time domain and direct method
one damper circuit on q-axis)
 Model 2.1 (One field and one damper circuit
1. Introduction
on d axis, one damper on q-axis)
 Model 2.2 (Two circuit on d-axis and two
Power system stability can be defined as the ability of circuit on q-axis)
a power system to remain in a state of operating equilibrium  Model 3.2 (Three circuit on d-axis and two
during normal conditions, and to regain an accepted state of circuit on q-axis)
operating equilibrium after a disturbance. [1][2]
 Model 3.3 (Three circuit on d-axis and three
circuit on q-axis)
During normal operating conditions of the power
 Mostly 1.1 and 2.1 model is used in practice.
systems (in steady state), two main conditions should be
satisfied for generators: (1) Rotors should be in synchronism.
2.1 Synchronous generator modelling (2.1 model) [13]
(2) The generated voltages are sinusoidal waveforms with the
same frequency. [4] These conditions are violated when any
type of disturbances are developed on the power system. Due
to these disturbances instability in power system is developed.
These disturbances may be small or large. Power system must
be able to withstand against these disturbances

The ability of a power system to recover and maintain

synchronism is called rotor angle stability. [2] Small signal
stability is the ability of the power system to maintain
synchronism under small disturbances. [2] Transient stability is
the ability of the power system to maintain synchronism under Figure-1 Synchronous generator stator rotor circuits
large disturbances. [2]
 Steps for modelling:
2. Time domain method (For SMIB System)  Forming mathematical equations from
 At present, stability analysis programs are based on circuit in abc form.
step by step numerical integrations.  Park’s transformation is used to change time
 Modelling of components is required in this method. variant quantities into time invariant
 Modelling components: quantities and forming mathematical
 Synchronous generator modelling equations in dq0 form.

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 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 06 | June 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

 Forming MATLAB Model from mathematic

equation
Step-1: Forming Mathematical Equations
 Equations in abc form from circuits, 
lux equations in dq0 form after applying park’s
transformation,

 Relation between flux and current



Step-3: Forming MATLAB Model from mathematic

Inductance matrix in abc form, equation


using mathematical equations, MATLAB model can
be prepared which can be used in time domain
method for transient stability analysis.
Step-2: Park’s transformation
2.2 Synchronous generator (2.1 Model) in MATLAB

Where,

Voltage equations in dq0 form after applying park’s

transformation,

Figure-2: Synchronous generator 2.1 model

Field Circuit Model

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Damper Circuit Model 7 d-axis damper circuit resistance (rkd) 0.02

8 d-axis damper circuit inductance (Lkdl) 0.11

9 q-axis damper circuit resistance (rkq) 0.04

10 q-axis damper circuit inductance (Lkql) 0.15

11 Inertia constant (H) 4 sec

12 Damper coefficient (D) 1e-6

13 Frequency (f) 60

14 Terminal voltage (v) 1

Figure-3: Field and Damper circuits model of 2.1
15 Delivering current (Ia) 1.25
Synchronous Generator
16 Power factor (pf) 0.8
Armature Circuit Model
0.35,
17 Clearing time (tc)
0.36 sec
18 Field Circuit voltage (vf) 0.00218

Results of transient stability analysis

Figure-4: Armature Circuits model of 2.1 Synchronous

generator
2.3 Time Domain Method
 Data used in transient stability analysis for
synchronous generator Classical Model (0.0 Model) with swing equation in
MATLAB
Value
Sr.No. Generator Parameters
(pu)
1 Stator Resistance (rs) 0.02

2 d-axis inductance (Ld) 1

3 q-axis inductance (Lq) 1

4 Stator leakage inductance (Lal) 0.15

5 Field circuit resistance (rfd) 0.001

6 Field circuit inductance (Lfd) 0.2

Figure-5: Classical Synchronous generator model

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Result  
0.5(  2 )  
 tc
(1.283sin  ).d

 tc  90.61  1.581 rad

Fault on Condition

deltatc=1.581= +0.4

=0.354 sec

4. Conclusion

We can conclude for time domain method critical clearing

time in between 0.35 to 0.36 second using Model 2.1 and
Model 0.0 in MATLAB Modelling and solving problem using
Direct method critical clearing time is 0.354. Transient
stability of synchronous generator in power system can be
analyzed by different methods like Time Domain methods and
Direct Methods. Each method has its own advantages. Time
3. Comparison of Direct Method and Time Domain domain method is time consuming method. That is why now a
Method (For SMIB System) days, Energy based direct method is used for stability analysis.
Problem:
5. References
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Volume: 07 Issue: 06 | June 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

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