UNIT I - Introduction To Social Change and Development

MODULE ON UNDERSTANDING CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT IN A SOCIAL WORK
PERSPECTIVE
SW 09: Social Change and Social Development
UNIT I: Introduction to Social Change and Development
TOPIC I: General Concepts on Social Change and Development
A. Topic Outline
1. Definitions of social change and development
2. Objectives of Development
3. Continuum of Development
B. Brief Introduction
Development is not only merely focused on economic growth and development, but is
also concern with other dimensions such as social, human, technological, and justice,
and peace. This unit will provide an overview of the fundamentals of development and
what are the different forms and dimensions of such development.
C. Essential Questions
1. What are the different concepts, conceptions, perspectives, and
dimensions of development?;
2. What is the connection between these concepts and conceptions of development to
the roles and functions of social work?
D. Intended Learning Outcomes

1. Evaluate and relate the different concepts, conceptions, and dimensions of
development to social work practice;
2. Explain the inter-relatedness of social change and development concepts to practice.
The Trade-off Between Social and Economic Development. Econ-ity. (2021). Retrieved 28 January 2021, from
https://econitynepal.com/the-trade-off-between-social-and-economic-development/.
PERSPECTIVE
LESSON 1: Social Change

Social change refers to any modifications in the established patterns of inter-human
relationships and standards of conduct (Lundberg).
By social change, I understand a change in social structure, e.g., the size of the society,
the composition or the balance of its parts, or the type of its organization (Morris
Ginsberg).
Social changes are variations from the accepted modes of life; whether due to
alternation in geographical conditions, in cultural equipment, the composition of the
population or ideologies and brought about by diffusion, or inventions within the group
(Gillin and Gillin).
Characteristic of Social Change:

1. Change is Social
2. Universal
3. Continuous
4. Inevitable
5. Temporal
6. The degree or rate of change is not uniform
7. Social Change may be planned or unplanned
8. Social change is multi-causal
9. Social change creates chain-reactions
10. Prediction is uncertain
Types of Social Change

1. Alternative
2. Redemptive
3. Reformative
4. Revolutionary
Main factors of Social Change

1. Demographic Factors
2. Biological Factors
3. Cultural Factors
4. Technological Factors
5. Environmental factors
6. Psychological factors
7. Other factors
PERSPECTIVE
LESSON 2: Development
Development involves the reorganization and reorientation of entire economic & social
systems. There are radical changes in institutional, social & administrative structures as
well as in popular attitudes & sometimes even customs and beliefs.
Development is not purely an economic phenomenon but rather a multi-dimensional
process involving reorganization and reorientation of an entire economic AND social
system (Todaro, 1981*)
Development as "the combination of mental and social changes among the population
which decide to increase its real and global products, cumulatively and in a sustainable
manner (Perroux, 1978)
Development is a long participatory process of social change in the society whose

objective is the material and social progress for the majority of the population through a
better understanding of their environment (Rogers, 1990).
Development Is the process of improving the capability of a country’s institutions and

value systems to meet increasing and different demands of a social, cultural, political as
well as economic character (PWU, 2017).
Development Is the process whereby a country deliberately fosters economic

abundance and social equity through the orderly and wise utilization of resources to
attain a better life for all (PWU, 2017).
LESSON 3: Objectives of Development

1. Raising peoples’ living levels, i.e. incomes and consumption, levels of food, medical
services, education through relevant growth processes
2. Creating conditions conducive to the growth of peoples’ self-esteem through the
establishment of social, political, and economic systems and institutions that promote
human dignity and respect
3. Increasing peoples’ freedom to choose by enlarging the range of their choice
variables, e.g. varieties of goods and services
6 Causes of Development (("Memoire Online - The sociological study on

environmental conservation as a means of achieving sustainable development in
rural areas in Rwanda - Vianney NSANGANIRA", 2021)
PERSPECTIVE
1. Increased savings and investment and acquisition of appropriate technology:

2. Structural transformation of the economy and production;
3. Human capital formation and human resource development and;
4. Avoidance of unsustainable practices that would reserve the development process
such as corruption;
5. Growing foreign trade with close attention to comparative advantages;
6. An economic system that allows for efficient allocation, including increases in the
efficiency of government
LESSON 4: Dimensions of Development
Economic Development: This is the

expansion
of a nation’s output or the expansion of a
nation's
capability to produce the goods and services its
people need.
Social Development: refers to the rise in the

levels of living, more equitable distribution of
income and wealth, a better system of
socioeconomic stratification, and greater social
mobility.
Components of Social Development:

A. Human Resource Development:
Adherence or presence of conservation, protection, and preservation of human life and
the development of human capacities
B. Institutional and structural change: Ex. socio-economic changes introduced by
agrarian reform, cooperatives, barangays, etc.
LESSON 5: Continuum on the Degree of Developing Counties
Developed countries Developing Countries
1st / 2nd World 3rd World
PERSPECTIVE
North South
Provinces/Cities/Municipalities classification (RA 7160, 1991). Provinces,

cities, and municipalities can be classified as either highly urbanized,
independent component, and component.
Classification of provinces cities and municipalities according to Annual

Income (Executive Order No. 249, series of 1987).
1st Class
2nd Class
3rd Class
4th Class
5th Class
6th Class
Check Point :
Now that you have known some of the definitions of

social development how can you relate it to your
environment? To Metro Manila? To your City? To
Barangay? Can you identify and feel the effects of
development in your daily life as a student?
PERSPECTIVE
References and suggested readings:
1. Adams, R. (2008). Empowerment, Participation, and Social Work (4th ed.).

New York: Palgrave Mcmillan.
2. Foundation, C. (2021). Sustainable Development Goals - Hilton Foundation.

Hilton Foundation. Retrieved 6 January 2021, from
https://www.hiltonfoundation.org/sdgs.
3. Memoire Online - The sociological study on environmental conservation as a

means of achieving sustainable development in rural areas in Rwanda - Vianney
NSANGANIRA. Memoire Online. (2021). Retrieved 6 January 2021, from
https://www.memoireonline.com/04/12/5617/m_The-sociological-study-on
environmental-conservation-as-a-means-of-achieving-sustainable
development12.html.
4. Social Change. Www2.slideshare.net. (2021). Retrieved 8 January 2021, from

https://www2.slideshare.net/rajkishorkumawat526/social-change
53747012?from_action=save.
5. Uky.edu. (2021). Retrieved 9 January 2021, from

http://www.uky.edu/AS/Courses/GEO260/Powerpoint/Concept_of_Development.
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UNIT I - Introduction To Social Change and Development

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UNIT I - Introduction To Social Change and Development

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MODULE ON UNDERSTANDING CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT IN A SOCIAL WORK

UNIT I: Introduction to Social Change and Development

TOPIC I: General Concepts on Social Change and Development

D. Intended Learning Outcomes

LESSON 1: Social Change

Characteristic of Social Change:

Types of Social Change

Main factors of Social Change

Development is a long participatory process of social change in the society whose

Development Is the process of improving the capability of a country’s institutions and

Development Is the process whereby a country deliberately fosters economic

LESSON 3: Objectives of Development

6 Causes of Development (("Memoire Online - The sociological study on

1. Increased savings and investment and acquisition of appropriate technology:

LESSON 4: Dimensions of Development

Economic Development: This is the

Social Development: refers to the rise in the

Components of Social Development:

LESSON 5: Continuum on the Degree of Developing Counties

Developed countries Developing Countries

1st / 2nd World 3rd World

Provinces/Cities/Municipalities classification (RA 7160, 1991). Provinces,

Classification of provinces cities and municipalities according to Annual

Now that you have known some of the definitions of

References and suggested readings:

1. Adams, R. (2008). Empowerment, Participation, and Social Work (4th ed.).

2. Foundation, C. (2021). Sustainable Development Goals - Hilton Foundation.

3. Memoire Online - The sociological study on environmental conservation as a

4. Social Change. Www2.slideshare.net. (2021). Retrieved 8 January 2021, from

5. Uky.edu. (2021). Retrieved 9 January 2021, from

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