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Signals and Systems: CE/EE301

Any periodic signal can be represented as a sum of sinusoidal signals. The Fourier series representation expresses a periodic signal as the sum of an infinite number of sinusoidal waves with frequencies that are integer multiples of the fundamental frequency. The fundamental frequency is the inverse of the signal period. The Fourier series coefficients are the amplitudes of each sinusoidal component and can be calculated by taking the integral of the signal multiplied by a complex exponential over one period.

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Abdelrhman Mahfouz
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109 views9 pages

Signals and Systems: CE/EE301

Any periodic signal can be represented as a sum of sinusoidal signals. The Fourier series representation expresses a periodic signal as the sum of an infinite number of sinusoidal waves with frequencies that are integer multiples of the fundamental frequency. The fundamental frequency is the inverse of the signal period. The Fourier series coefficients are the amplitudes of each sinusoidal component and can be calculated by taking the integral of the signal multiplied by a complex exponential over one period.

Uploaded by

Abdelrhman Mahfouz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
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Signals and Systems

CE/EE301
Sum of Any periodic
Sinusoidal signal x(t) can be
Results in represented
periodic as a sum of
signal sinusoidal
signals

2
Even
x(t) = periodic signal x(t) = σ∞
=sum of sinusoidal k=−∞ b𝑘 cos(kw0 𝒕)

Odd
x(t) = σ∞
k=−∞ c𝑘 sin(kw0 𝒕)

-T 0 T In general

2𝜋 ∞
wo = , x(t) = ෍ 𝑎𝑘 𝒆jkw0𝒕
𝑇
k=−∞

3
∞
2𝜋
x(t) = ෍ 𝑎𝑘 𝒆jkw0𝒕 wo = ,
𝑇
k=−∞

x t = ⋯ . + 𝑎−1 𝒆−jw0𝒕 + 𝑎0 + 𝑎1 𝒆jw0𝒕 + 𝑎2 𝒆j2w0𝒕 ……..

• When k = 0 a0=constant (DC component).


• When k = + 1 and k = - 1,
• fundamental components equal to wo
• first 1st harmonic components.
• When k = +2 and k = -2,
• Have frequency 2wo
• Second 2nd harmonic components.
• In generally, the components for k = + N and k = -N
• Nth harmonic components.
4
Note that
Euler's relation

Example 3.2: Find the Fourier Series coefficients 𝑎𝑘 for the following signal

wo = 2𝜋
wo 2wo 3wo

5
Example 3.3: Use Euler's relation to find the Fourier Series coefficients 𝑎𝑘 for the following signal

 
xt   1  sin( w0t )  2 cos( w0t )  cos 2 w0t  
 4

6
∞

x(t) = ෍ 𝑎𝑘 𝒆jkw0𝒕
k=−∞

Given x(t), Find 1. Frequency wo 2𝜋


wo = ,
𝑇
𝑇
2. Amplitude ak 1 2
𝑎𝑘 = න 𝒙(𝒕)𝒆−𝒋k𝒘o𝒕 𝑑𝑡
𝑇 −𝑇
2

7
Example:
1 t  T1
Find the Fourier 
Series coefficients xt    T
𝑎0 and 𝑎𝑘 for the 0 T  t 

1
2
following signal

𝑇
Solution: 1 2
𝑎𝑘 = න 𝒙(𝒕)𝒆−𝒋k𝒘o𝒕 𝑑𝑡
𝑇 −𝑇
2

 jkw0T1

T1 jkw0T1
1 e e sin( kw0T1 )
T e dt  jkw0T  k
 jkw0t
ak 
T 1

T1
1 2T1
a0   dt 
T T1 T
8
2𝜋
wo = ,
𝑇

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