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SAINT THERESA COLLEGE OF TANDAG INC.

Tandag City, Surigaodel Sur

GE ELECT 1
Living in the Information Technology Era

Module 5
THE INTERNET

INTRODUCTION:

Communication is becoming much easier than before due to the appearance of Internet. One of
the conveniences is that messages, in the forms of email, can be sent at any corner of the world within
fractions of seconds. Besides that, email also facilitated mass communication which means that one
sender reaches many receivers. Some of the services made available due to Internet include video
conferencing, live telecast, music, news, e-commerce, etc. these communication network are widely
used across the globe.

E-mail is another very popular use for the Internet. Internet e-mail may travel and be stored
unencrypted on many other networks and machines out of both the sender’s and the recipient’s control.
Remote access is another very common use for the Internet. The Internet allows computer users to
connect to other computers and information stores easily, wherever they may be across the world. File
sharing is also popular. It allows people to send files through e-mail, FTP, peer-to-peer networks, etc.

Nowadays, there are several ways that enable us to access the Internet. Technology keeps
improving, method to access the Internet also increase. People can now access Internet services by
using their cell phone, laptop and various gadgets. The number of Internet service providers also keeps
increasing. For example in Malaysia, there are many Internet service providers such as TM Net,
Maxis , Digi, Celcom, Umobile, etc.

One of the most common uses people have for the Internet is the World Wide Web. Whenever
you say you are “on the Internet” you are using the World Wide Web. When you are surfing the
Internet through different pages you are moving through the World Wide Web. However, that is not the
only use for the Internet. The World Wide Web is a system of Internet servers that use HTTP
(Hypertext Transfer Protocol) to transfer documents formatted in HTML (Hypertext Mark-up
Language). These are viewed by using software for web browsers such as Netscape, Safari, Google
Chrome and Internet Explorer. Hypertext enables a document to be connected to other documents on
the web through hyperlinks. It is possible to move from one document to another by using hyperlinked
text found within web pages.

In a very summarised nutshell, the Internet began life in the 1960s as a way for the US Defence
Department to share information between computers. Fast forward 30 years and in 1989 Tim Berners-
Lee proposed the World Wide Web, allowing “interlinked hypertext documents” (such as web pages)
to be viewable, and consequently making well presented online information available to the public.
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Week 8 and 9
Lesson 6 The Internet
Lesson Title 1. Introduction to the Internet
 Overview of the Internet
 History of the Internet
2. Doing Online?
3. Connecting to the Internet
Duration/hours 6 hours
SPECIFIC At the end of this topic the students must have:
LEARNING
OUTCOME 1. Defined important terms about the internet.
2. Created a timeline of the history of the Internet.
3. Synthesized the basic of the internet
4. Described what the Internet is and how it works.
5. Navigated various web browsers on the display and bring you to your
wishes..
5. Explain the functions and the use of the Unified Resource Locator.
Where you type your researches.
6. Skilled downloading and uploading files form and into the computer.
7. Applied the benefits of internet to research, business and other
activities.
8. Utilized the benefits of the internet world.
TEACHING LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Task 1 –Summarize the introduction of the internet from the definition up to the Internet
application that brings you to the world of internet.
Task 2 - Create a timeline that covers all of the key topics from the 1950s to the present. Make
sure to include all of the events covered in the lesson as well as any others you find
through research online.
Task 3 –Practice the use of a search engine that will bring you to find information on the web
pages. Then have a research when you are proficient using the internet of the given topic.
Task 4 – Perform downloading and uploading files from and into the computer.
Task 5 –Make a video with your own selfie in any pose that you can do within a given time.
Task 6 - Watch a video on a video-sharing site like YouTube or GoogleVideo.
Task 6 - Familiarize zoom and other application software for e-learning which is useful for online
studies..
SYNTHESIS:

What is the Internet?

The Internet (or internet) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that
uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is
a network of networks that consists of private, public, academic, business, and government
networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical
networking technologies. The Internet carries a vast range of information resources and services,
such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide
Web (WWW), electronic mail, telephony, and file sharing.
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However, It can be defined in many ways as follows:

 Internet is a world-wide global system of interconnected computer networks.

 Internet uses the standard Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).
 Every computer in internet is identified by a unique IP address.
 IP Address is a unique set of numbers (such as 110.22.33.114) which identifies a
computer location.
 A special computer DNS (Domain Name Server) is used to give name to the IP Address
so that user can locate a computer by a name.
 For example, a DNS server will resolve a name http://www.tutorialspoint.com to a
particular IP address to uniquely identify the computer on which this website is hosted.
 Internet is accessible to every user all over the world.
 Internet

An Opte Project visualization of routing paths through

a portion of the Internet
GENERAL
Access
Censorship
Democracy
What is the Digital divide Web?
Digital rights
The World Freedom of information Wide Web—
usually called Internet phenomena the Web for
short—is a collection Net neutrality of
Privacy
different websites yo u can access
Sociology
through the Internet. Usage
A website is
made up of related text, images, and
other resources. GOVERNANCE Websites can
resemble other forms IGF of media—like
newspaper articles or NRO television
programs—or they IANA can be
ICANN
interactive in a way that's unique to
IETF
computers. ISOC
The purpose INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE of a website can
be almost anything: Domain Name System a news platform,
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
an advertisement, an online library, a
Internet exchange point
forum for sharing images, or an
Internet protocol suite
educational site like Internet Protocol us! Once you are
connected to the Transmission Control Protocol Internet, you can
access and view Internet service provider websites using a
type of application IP address called a web
browser. Just keep Internet Message Access Protocol in mind that the
web browser itself is Simple Mail Transfer Protocol not the Internet;
it only displays SERVICES websites that are
stored on the Internet.
Blogs
Microblogging
10 essential website functions all
Email
firms should monitor
Fax
File sharing
1. Redirects File transfer
2. Meta descriptions Games
Instant messaging
Podcasts
Shopping
Television
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3. Working navigation
4. Image optimization
5. Calls to action
6. Up-to-date contact details
7. Working forms
8. Analytics
9. Readable content
10. Information about you

What do you mean by Web browser?

A web browser (commonly referred to as a browser) is a software application for accessing

information on the World Wide Web. When a user requests a web page from a particular
website, the web browser retrieves the necessary content from a web server and then displays
the page on the user's device.

Popular Web Browsers and How They Work

The most popular web browsers that are used today are Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome,
Microsoft Internet Explorer, Apple Safari and the Opera browser. These browsers are free and
available for download and use

What is the role of the browser?

The primary function of a web browser is to render HTML, the code used to design or "mark
up" webpages. Each time a browser loads a web page, it processes the HTML, which may
include text, links, and references to images and other items, such as cascading style sheets and
JavaScript functions.

Search Engines

What is Search Engine

A search engine is a web-based tool that enables users to locate information on the World
Wide Web.

The Role of Search Engine

Search engines provide users with search results that lead to relevant information on high-

quality websites. ... They do this by maintaining databases of web pages, which they develop by
using automated programs known as "spiders" or "robots" to collect information.

Example of Search Engine/The top 8 search engines?

1. Google.
2. Bing. ...
3. Yahoo. ...
4. Baidu. ...
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5. Yandex. ...
6. Duckduckgo. ...
7. Contextual Web Search. ...
8. Yippy Search.

It likely won’t surprise you to know that Google is the king of the search engines. Bing is
in second place. Search engines allow your customers find you when they enter keywords and
terms that trigger your site to come up in results. For example, if you enter “marketing agency
western mass” in Google, you will see Market Mentors in the results.

History and Creation

The Internet’s origin have their roots in a military project, the  Semi-Automatic Ground
Environment (SAGE) program, which networked country-wide radar systems together for the
first time. This was created around 1958 as part of an attempt to regain the lead in technology
from the Soviet Union which had recently launched Sputnik.

SAGE Computer Room

J.C.R. Licklider was selected to head the committee which controlled the SAGE project. He
envisioned universal networking as a unifying human revolution. Licklider recruited Lawrence
Roberts to head a project which implemented a network. Roberts had worked with the U.S. Air
Force on a packet switching system as opposed to a circuit switching system.

On October 29, 1969, Licklider and Roberts interconnected the first two nodes between
UCLA and SRI International at Menlo Park, California. This was the beginning of the Advanced
Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) which was one of the key networks which our
Internet today was based off of. Soon after the first international packet-switched network
service was created between U.S. and U.K.

Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn developed the first description of TCP (covered more deeply in the
Introduction to Networking lesson) in 1973. The term “Internet” was first used in 1974 to
describe a single global TCP/IP network detailed in the first full specification of TCP written by
Cerf and his colleagues. The first TCP/IP-wide area network was created on January 1, 1983
when all hosts on the ARPANET were switched over from the older protocols to TCP/IP.
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In 1984, the National Science Foundation (NSF) commissioned the construction of a 1.5

megabit/second network which became known as NSFNET. In 1989 the US Federal Networking
Council approved the interconnection of the NSFNET to the commercial MCI Mail system.
Soon after, other commercial e-mail services were connected such as OnTyme, Telemail,
and CompuServe.

Three Internet Service Providers (ISPs) were also created: UUNET, PSINET,

and CERFNET. More and more separate networks were created that eventually interconnected
with this large, growing network of networks. The ability of TCP/IP to work over virtually any
pre-existing communication networks allowed for a great ease of growth, although the rapid
growth of the Internet was due primarily to the availability of commercial routers from
companies such as Cisco Systems, Proteon and Juniper, the availability of
commercial Ethernet equipment for local-area networking and the widespread implementation of
TCP/IP on the UNIX operating system.

Growth

Although the basic applications and guidelines that make the Internet possible had existed
for almost a decade, the network did not gain public face until the 1990s. On August 6, 1991, the
European Organization for Nuclear Research, (CERN), which straddles the border between
France and Switzerland, publicized the new World Wide Web project. The web was invented by
English scientist Tim Berners-Lee in 1989.

WWW Logo

An early popular web browser was Viola WWW. It was eventually replaced in popularity
by the Mosaic web browser. By 1996 usage of the word “Internet” had become commonplace,
and consequently, so had its use as a reference to the World Wide Web. Over the course of the
decade, the Internet successfully accommodated the majority of previously existing public
computer networks (although some networks have remained seperate).

Today’s Internet

Aside from the complex physical connections that make up its infrastructure, the Internet
is facilitated by bi- or multi-lateral commercial contrracts and technical specifications or
protocols that describe how to exchange data over the network. Indeed, the Internet has severely
matured since its birth many years ago. Today almost 1.5 billion people use the Internet. That’s
almost a quarter of the entire world (a lot of people).

The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) is the authority that
coordinates the assignment of unique identifiers on the Internet, including domain names,
Internet Protocol (IP) addresses, and protocol port and parameter numbers. A globally unified
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namespace is essential for the Internet to function. Because the Internet is a distributed network
comprising many volunatirly interconnected networks, the Internet, as such, has no governing
body.

ICANN Headquarters
One of the most common uses people have for the Internet is the World Wide Web.
Whenever you say you are “on the Internet” you are using the World Wide Web. When you are
surfing the Internet through different pages you are moving through the World Wide Web.
However, that is not the only use for the Internet. E-mail is another very popular use for the
Internet.

Internet e-mail may travel and be stored unencrypted on many other networks and machines
out of both the sender’s and the recipient’s control. Remote access is another very common use
for the Internet. The Internet allows computer users to connect to other computers and
information stores easily, wherever they may be across the world. File sharing is also popular. It
allows people to send files through e-mail, FTP, peer-to-peer networks, etc.

The rapid development of Internet started at the early 1960, paralleled with the
developments of the computers. Those scientists and researcher started to realize a great vision, a
future that everyone will be able to communicate by using their computers. J.C.R. Licklider of
MIT, first proposed a global network of computers in 1962 and followed by Leonard Kleinrock
from MIT, who published the first paper on packet switching theory.

ARPANET, which is the former of Internet, was a project launched by Military Department
of USA. It was brought online at Oct 29, 1969 by Charley Kline at UCLA, when he attempted to
perform a remote login from UCLA to SRI. In order to get attentions from public, they made the
first public demonstration of ARPANET at an international conference at October 1972.

The initial ARPANET was a single,closed network. In order to communicate with an

ARPANET, one had to be attached to another ARPANET IMP (interface message processor).
Hence, the disadvantages of single network were realized and lead the development of open-
architecture network and also different protocols of internetworking, which enable multiple
networks can be joined together.

E-mail was adapted for ARPANET by Ray Tomlinson of BBN in 1972. The telnet protocol,
enabling logging on to a remote computer, was published as a Request for Comments (RFC) in
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1972. RFC's are a means of sharing developmental work throughout community. The FTP
protocol, enabling file transfers between Internet sites, was published as an RFC in 1973, and
from then on RFC's were available electronically to anyone who had use of the FTP protocol.

Before the TCP/IP protocol was introduced by BoB Kahn, the networking protocols used
for the ARPANET was NCP, Network Control Protocols. NCP did not have the ability to
address networks further downstream than a destination IMP on ARPANET. By 1980, the
Internet had reached a certain level of maturity and started to exposed to public usage more and
more often. At the same time, French launched the Minitel project to bring data networking into
everyone’s home by gave away a free terminal to each household requested.

At the 1990s, the Internet predecessor, ARPANET finally came to an end, and replaced by
the NSFNET which serve as a backbone connecting regional networks in USA. However, the
most significant changes of Internet at 1990s was the World Wide Web(WWW) application
which truly brought Internet to our daily life. Various technologies such as VoIP, HTML, web
browsers with graphical user interfaces, P2P file sharing, instant messaging which is very
familiar to us nowadays.

ASSESSMENTS

QUIZ NO. 5

I. Multiple Chouce. Choose only the letter.

1. What does ARPA stand for?

a) Advanced Research Projects Agency
b) Advanced Research Protocol Agency
c) Advanced Research Project Agency
d) None of these

2. Who are the inventors of the internet?

a) Robert Kahn
b) Ray Tomlinson
c) Alan M. Turing
d) Vint Cerf

3. When was the first workable prototype of the Internet?

a) 1960’s
b) 1970’s
c) 1980’s
d) 1990’s

4. What was the network that became the basis of the Internet?
a) DARPA
b) ARPA
c) ARPANET
d) TCP/IP
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5. The internet is sometimes simply called the?

a) TNC
b) Pisonet
c) Net
d) Netflix

6. He is also known as the father of the Internet.

a) Ray Tomlinson
b) John Louis Uru
c) Alan M. Turing
d) Vint Cerf

7. Who invented the World Wide Web (WWW)?

a) Vint Cerf
b) Tim Berners-Lee
c) Robert Kahn
d) JC R Licklider

8. He is the co-inventor of the TCP/IP Protocols.

a) Robert Kahn
b) Ray Tomlinson
c) Vint Cerf
d) JC R Licklider

9. Cerf was the recipient of the ACM Alan M. Turing which is also known as?
a) Nobel Prize of Internet Science
b) Nobel Prize of Computer Science
c) Nobel Prize of Computer Development
d) Nobel Prize of Internet Development

10. Artificial Intelligence
a) Web 1.0
b) Web 2.0
c) Web 3.0
d) Web 4.0

II – The difference between browsers and search engines?

ASSIGNMENTS:

Define the following terms:

1. Internet
2. Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE)
3. J.C.R. Licklider
4. Lawrence Roberts
5. Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET)
6. TCP Protocols
7. NSFNET
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8. World Wide Web

9. Tim Berners-Lee
10. ICANN
RESOURCEs

- Wikipedia
- IBM
- www.slideshare.com
- Margaret Rouse
- GCF LEarningFreee.Org
- TutorialPoints

Prepared by:

ENGR. FRANCIS S. VASQUEZ, MST-CS

Instructor