1.

FUNCTIONS
MATHEMATICS Functions

SYNOPSIS
Function or Mapping : Let X and Y be any two non-empty sets and there be correspondence or association
between the elements of X and Y such that for every element x  X , there exists a unique element y  Y,
written as y = f(x). Then we say that f is a mapping or function from X to Y, and is written as
f : X  Y such that y = f(x), xX, yY.
Real Function : If f : X  Y be a function from a non-empty set X to another non-empty set Y, where X, Y  R
(set of all real numbers), then we say that f is a real valued function or in short a real function.
Features of a Mapping f : X  Y
i) For each element x  X, there exist a unique element y  Y.
ii) The element y  Y is called the image of x under the mapping f.
iii) If there is an element in X which has more than one image in Y, then f : X  Y is not a function. But
distinct elements of X may be associated to the same element of Y.
iv) If there is an element in X which does not have an image in Y, then f : X  Y is not a function.
Note : 1) Throughout this chapter a 'function' will mean a 'real function'.
n ( A)
2) The number of functions that can be defined from A to B is [ n( B)] .
Value of a function : The value of a function y = f(x) at x = a is denoted by f(a). It is obtained by putting
x = a in f(x).
Domain and range of a function : If f : X  Y be a function, then the set X is said to be the domain of f and
range of f is set of all image points in Y under the map f.
i.e., f(X) = {f(x) : f(x)Y; xX}
The set Y is also called the co-domain of f. Clearly f(X)  Y.
TYPES OF FUNCTIONS :
i) One-one or injective function : A function f : X  Y is said to be one-one or injective if distinct elements of
X have distinct images in Y.
ii) Many - one function : A function f : X  Y is said to be many-one if there exists atleast two distinct
elements in X whose images are same.

Rule for checking whether the function f : X-----

>
-Y is one - one or many - one :
(a) Consider any two points x1, x2  X. (b) Put f(x1) = f(x2) and solve the equation.
(c) If we get x1 = x2 only, then f is one-one, otherwise it is many - one.
If a function is either strictly increasing or strictly decreasing in the whole domain (or equivalently,
f (x ) > 0 or f ( x )  0 ,  x  X), then it is one - one, otherwise it is many - one.
If any straight line parallel to x-axis intersects the graph of the function atmost at one point, then the
function is one-one, otherwise it is many-one (i.e. it intersects the graph of the function in atleast two
points).

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Any continuous function f(x) which has atleast one local maxima or local minima is many - one.
All even functions are many - one.
All polynomials of even degree defined on R have atleast one local maxima or minima and hence are
many one on the domain R. Polynomials of odd degree can be one - one or many - one.
Note : 1) If X and Y are any two finite sets having m and n elements respectively, then the number of one-
 n Pm , if n  m 
one functions from X to Y would be   
 0 , if n  m 

2) If n(A)  n(B) then the number of many to one functions from A to B is [ n( B)]n ( A)  n ( B) Pn ( A)

iii) Onto or surjective function : A function f : X  Y is said to be onto or surjective if every element of Y
is the image of some element of X under the map f.
A function f : X  Y is an into function if it is not an onto function.
Note : 1) If X and Y are any two finite sets having m and n elements respectively, where 1  n  m, then the
n
number of onto functions from X to Y is given by  (1) nr nCr r m
r 1
n m n m n m n
C0 n  C1 (n  1)  C2 ( n  2)  C3 (n  3)m  ................

2) The number of into functions from A to B is given by n C1 (n  1) m  n C2 (n  2) m  nC3 (n  3) m ....... 

n( A )
3) If n(A)  n(B) and n(B) = 2 then the number of onto functions from A to B are 2  2.
4) Any polynomial function f is onto if degree is odd and into if degree of f is even.
Rule for checking whether the function f : X-----
>
-Y is onto or into :
i) Find the range of the function f.
ii) If range of f = Y, then f is onto, otherwise it is into.
(iv) Bijective function : A function f : X  Y is said to be bijective, if f is both one-one and onto.
Note : If X and Y are any two finite sets having the same number of elements, say n, then the number of bijective
functions from X to Y is n!.
(v) Constant Function : A function f : R  R defined as f ( x )  c,  x  R , where c is a constant, is called
a constant function. Its domain is R and range is singleton set {c}.
The graph of constant function is a straight line parallel to x-axis when x is the independent variable.

(vi) Identity function : The function f : R  R defined as f(x) = x,  x  R , is called the identity function.
Its domain is R and range is also R.
The graph of the identity function is a straight line passing through origin and inclined at an angle of
450 with x-axis.
(vii) Equality of function : Two functions f and g are said to be equal if,
1) the domain of f = the domain of g
2) the range of f = the range of g
3) f(x) = g(x)  x  domain.

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(viii) Modulus function or Absolute value function : The function f : R  R, is defined as

 x , if x  0

f ( x ) | x |  0, if x  0 is called the absolute value function or modulus function. Its domain is R and
 x , if x  0

its range is [ 0, ) .
Note : | x  y |  | x |+| y |, | x  y |  | x |– | y |
(ix) Greatest integer (Step or integral) function : The function f : R  R, is defined as f(x) = [x] is called
the greatest integer function,
where [x] = integral part of x or greatest integer not greater than x or greatest integer less than or equal
to x. i.e. f(x) = n, where n  x  n  1, n  I (the set of integers). Its domain is R and range is I.
Note : 1) [ x ]  x  [ x ]  1

[x] [y], if {x}{y} 1

2) [x  y]  [x] [y] 1, if {x}{y} 1 where {x} denotes the fractional part of x.

3) n  x  n  1  [ x ]  n
4) x  1  [ x ]  x
5) [[ x ]]  [ x ]
6) [n  x ]  n  [ x ], where n is any integer
 0 if x  I
7) [ x ]  [  x ]  
 1 if x  I
(x) Fractional - part function : The function f : R  R is defined as f(x) = x – [x] or f(x) = {x}, where {x}
denotes the fractional part of x, is called the fractional part function. Its domain is R and range is [0, 1).
Note : 1) If x is an integer, then x = [x]  {x} = 0  {[x]} = 0
2) [{x}] = 0
3) 0  {x}  1
0, if x  integer
4) {x} + {–x} = 
1, if x  integer
| x |
 for x  0
(xi) Signum function : The function f : R  R defined as, f ( x )   x is called the signum function.
 0 for x  0
Its domain is R and range is the set {–1, 0, 1}. 

(xii) Reciprocal Function : The function f : R–{0}  R defined by f(x) = 1/x, is called the reciprocal
function. Its domain as well as range is R–{0}.
(xiii) Exponential Function : Let a( 1) be a positive real number. Then the function f : R  R, defined by
f ( x )  a x , is called the exponential function. Its domain is R and range is (0,  ).
(xiv) Logarithmic Function : Let a( 1) be a positive real number. Then the function f : (0, )  R , defined
by f ( x )  log a x, is called the logarithmic function. Its domain is (0, ) and range is R.
(xv) Polynomial Function : A function f : R  R, defined by f ( x )  a0  a1 x  a2 x 2  ....  an x n , where n  N
and a0 , a1 , a2 , ......, an  R , is called a polynomial function.
If an  0 , then n is called the degree of the polynomial. The domain of a polynomial function is R.

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MATHEMATICS Functions
p( x )
(xvi) Rational Function : A function of the form f ( x )  , where p(x) and q(x) are polynomials over the set of
q( x )
real numbers and q(x)  0, is called a rational function. Its domain is R–{x : q(x) = 0}.
Trigonometric Functions :
Function Domain Range
y = sin x R [–1,1]
y = cos x R [–1,1]
  
y = tan x R  ( 2 n  1) n  I  R
 2 
y = cot x R  {n | n  I} R
  
y = sec x R  (2 n  1) n  I  (,  1]  [1, )
 2 
y = cosec x R  {n | n  I} (,  1]  [1, )
Inverse Trigonometric Functions :
Function Domain Range
  
y = sin–1 x 1  x  1  2 , 2 
 
y = cos–1 x 1  x  1 [0, ]
  
y = tan–1 x  x   , 
 2 2
y = cot–1 x  x  (0, )
   
y = sec–1x ( ,  1]  [1, ) 0, 2    2 , 
   

    
y = cosec–1 x ( ,  1]  [1, )  2 , 0    0, 2 
   

Hyperbolic and Inverse Hyperbolic Functions :

Function Domain Range
Sinh x R R
Cosh x R [1,  )
Tanh x R (–1, 1)
Coth x (, 0)  (0, ) (,  1)  (1, )
Sech x R (0, 1]
Cosech x (, 0)  (0, ) (, 0)  (0, )
Sinh–1x R R
Cosh x–1
[1, ) [0, )
Tanh–1x (–1, 1) R
Coth x–1
(, 1)  (1, ) (, 0)  (0, )
Sech–1x (0, 1] [0, )
Cosech–1x (, 0)  (0, ) (, 0)  (0, )

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Finding domains of the Function Let f and g be two real functions with domain D1 and D2 respectively. Then
(i) The sum function (f + g) is defined by (f + g) (x) = f(x) + g(x),  x D1  D2 The domain of f + g is D1  D2
(ii) The difference function (f – g) is defined by (f – g) (x) = f(x) – g(x),  x D1  D2 The domain of f – g is D1  D2
(iii) The product function fg is defined by (fg) (x) = f(x) . g(x),  x D1  D2 The domain of f . g is D1  D2

 f f  f (x)
(iv) The quotient function   is defined by  ( x )  , x D  D – {x: g(x) = 0}. The domain
g g
  g (x)  1 2

f
of is D1  D2 – {x: g(x) = 0}
g
(v) The scalar multiple function cf is defined by (cf) (x) = c . f(x)  x  D1 The domain of cf is D1 .
Composition of Functions : Let f and g be two real functions with domain D1 and D2 respectively.
If range of f  domain of g, then composite function (gof) is defined by (gof) (x) = g(f(x)),  x  D1
Also, if range of g  domain of f, then composite function (fog) is defined by (fog) (x) = f(g(x)),  x  D2
SOME USEFUL RESULTS :
Let f : X  Y and g : Y  Z
a) If both f and g are one-one, then gof is also one - one.
b) If both f and g are onto, then gof is also onto.
c) If gof is one-one, then f is one-one but g may not be one-one.
d) If gof is onto, then g is onto but f may not be onto.
e) If f and g are bijective, then is also bijective gof.
f) It may happen that gof may exist and fog may not exist. Moreover, even if both gof and fog exist, they
may not be equal.
Inverse Functions : If the function f : X  Y is both one-one and onto, then we define inverse function
f 1 : Y  X by the rule
y = f(x)  f 1 ( y) = x,  x  X ,  y  Y .
Rule to find the Inverse of a function :
Let f : X  Y be a bijective function.
* Put f(x) = y.
* Solve the equation y=f(x) to obtain x in terms of y. Interchange x and y to obtain the inverse of f.
Note : 1) The graph of y = f(x) and its inverse written in the form y = g(x) are symmetrical about the line y=x.
2) The graph of y = f(x) and y = f–1(x), if intersects then meet on the line y = x only.
Hence, the solution of f(x) = f–1(x) are also the solution of f(x) = x.
3) If f : A  B and g : B  C are two bijections, then gof : A  C is bijection and (gof)–1= f–1og–1.

Even and Odd extensions :

A function f(x) defined on the interval [0, a] can be extended to [–a, a], so that f(x) becomes an even
or odd function on the interval [–a, a]. If this extension is an even function, it is called even extension and if
this extension is an odd function, it is called odd extension.

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 f ( x ) , if x  [ 0, a]
Let g be the extension. Then for even extension, we defined g( x )  
 f (  x ), if x  [  a, 0]
 f ( x ) , if x  [0, a]
and for odd extension, we define g( x )  
 f ( x ), if x  [ a, 0]
Odd and Even functions :
Odd function : A function f(x) is said to be odd if f(–x) = –f(x) for every real number x in the domain of f.
Even function : A function f(x) is said to be even if f(–x) = f(x) for every real number x in the domain of f.
Some important results :
1) The graph of an odd function is symmetric about origin and it is placed either in the first and third
quadrant or in the second and fourth quadrant.
2) The graph of an even function is symmetric about the y-axis.
3) To express a given function f(x) as the sum of an even and odd function, we write
1 1
f ( x )  [ f ( x )  f ( x )]  [ f ( x )  f ( x )]
2 2
1 1
where [ f ( x )  f ( x )] is an even function and [ f ( x )  f ( x )] is an odd function.
2 2
4) f(x) = 0 is the only function which is both even and odd.
5) If f(x) is an odd function, then f (x ) is an even function provided f(x) is differentiable on R.
6) If f(x) is an even function, then f (x ) is an odd function provided f(x) is differentiable on R.
7) If f and g are even functions, then fog is also an even function, provided fog is defined.
8) If f and g are odd functions, then fog is also odd function, provided fog is defined.
9) If f is an even function and g is an odd function, then fog is an even function.
10) If f is an odd function and g is an even function, then fog is an even function.
11) For a real domain, even functions are not one-one.
Periodic Function :
A function f(x) is said to be a periodic function of x, provided there exists a real number T>0 such that
f ( x  T )  f ( x ),  x  R .
The smallest positive real number T, satisfying the above condition is known as the period or the
fundamental period of f(x).
Rules for testing the periodicity of a function :
1) Put f (T  x)  f ( x) and solve this equation to find the positive values of T independent of x.
2) If no positive value of T independent of x is obtained, then f(x) is a non-periodic function.
3) If positive values of T independent of x are obtained, then f(x) is a periodic function and the least
positive value of T is the period of the function f(x).
Hints for solving problems on Periodic functions :
1) Constant function is periodic with no fundamental period.
2) If f(x) is periodic with period T, then 1/f(x) and f (x ) are also periodic with same period T.

3) If f(x) is periodic with period T1 and g(x) is periodic with period T2, then f ( x)  g( x) is periodic with period equal
to l.cm. of T1 and T2, provided there is no positive k such that f (k  x)  g( x) and g(k  x)  f ( x) .

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4) If f(x) is periodic with period T, then kf ( ax  b) , is also periodic with period T / | a |, where a, b, k R and a,
k  0.
5) sinx, cosx, secx and cosecx are periodic functions with period 2  .
6) tanx and cotx are periodic function with period  .
7) |sinx|, |cos x|, |tan x|, |cot x|, |sec x| and |cosec x| are periodic functions with period  .
8) sin n x, cos n x, sec n x and cosec n x are periodic functions with period 2  when n is odd or  when n is even.
9) tan n x and cot n x are periodic functions with period  .
10) If f (x) is periodic function with period T and g(x ) is any function such that domain of f  domain g, then
gof is also periodic with period T.

Rules for Finding the domain of a function :

Algebraic Functions :
(i) Denominator should be non-zero.
(ii) Expression under the even root should be non-negative.
Trigonometric Functions :
(i) sin x and cosx are defined for all real values of x.

(ii) tan x and sec x are defined for all real values of x except x  (2n  1) , where n  I .
2
(iii) cot x and cosec x are defined for all real values of x except x = n  , where n  I .
Inverse trigonometric Functions :
(i) sin 1 x and cos 1 x are defined for 1  x  1 .
(ii) tan 1 x and cot 1 x are defined for all real values of x.
(iii) sec 1 x and cosec 1 x are defined for x  1 or x  1 .
Logarithmic Function :
log b a is defined when a > 0, b > 0 and b  1
Exponential Functions :
a x is defined for all real values of x, where a > 0.
Rules for solving problems on domain of a function :
1) ( x  a)( x  b)  0  x  a or x  b, for a < b
2) ( x  a)( x  b)  0  a  x  b for a < b.
3) | x | a  a  x  a
4) | x | a  x  a or x > a
a  b k , if b  1
5) log b a  k  
a  b k , if b  1
6) x 2 | x |
n
7) x n | x |, if n is even and n x n  x , if n is odd.
Rules for finding the range of a function y = f(x)

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1) Find the domain of the funciton y = f(x).

2) If the domain is an infinite interval, solve the equation y = f(x) and find x in terms of y to get x = g(y), find the
real values of y for which x is real. The set of values of y so obtained constitutes the range of f. Note that if finite
number of values of x are excluded from the domain, find the values of y for these values of x and exclude these
values of y from the range of f found earlier.
3) If the domain is a finite interval, find the least and greatest value of y for values of x in the domain. If a is the
least value and b the greatest value of y, then range (f) = [a, b].
General Results :
If x, y are independent variables then
(i) f(xy) = f(x) + f(y)  f(x) = k logex or f(x) = 0
(ii) f(xy) = f(x) . f(y)  f(x) = xn , x  R.
(iii) f(x + y) = f(x) . f(y)  f(x) = akx.
(iv) f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y)  f(x) = kx.
(v) f(x + y) = f(x) = f(y)  f(x) = k, where k is constant.
(vi) A continuous function f(x) takes only rational values (irrational values) for all x  f(x) is a constant function.
1 1
(vii) By considering a general nth degree polynomial and writting the expression, f ( x )  f    f ( x )  f  
x x
 f ( x)  1  x n
Drawing the graph of y=f(x)+b, b  R , from the known graph of y=f(x)

It is obvious that domain of f(x) and f(x)+b are the same. Let us take any point x0 in the domain of f(x).
y x=x 0 =f(x0).

The corresponding point on f(x)+b would be f(x0)+b:

For b>0  f(x0)+b>f(x0) it means that the corresponding point on f(x)+b would be lying at a distance
‘b’ units above the point on f(x).
For b<0  f(x0)+b<f(x0) it means that the corresponding point on f(x)+b would be lying at a distance
‘b’ units below the point on f(x).
According the graph of f(x)+b can be obtained by translating the graph of f(x) either in the positive
y-axis direction (if b>0) or in the negative y-axis direction (if b<0), through a distance | b | units,

Drawing the graph of f  x  from the known graph of y=f(x)

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f  x  =f(x) if f(x)  0 and f  x  =-f(x) if f(x)<0. It means that the graph of f(x) and f  x  would coincide
if f(x)  0 and the potions where f(x)<0 would get inverted in the upward direction.

The above figure would make the procedure clear.

Drawing the graph of y=f(|x|) from the known graph of y=f(x)

 f ( x), x0

It is clear that, f  x   
 f (x ), Thus f(|x|) would be a even function. Graph of f(|x|) and
x  0.
f(x) would be identical in the first and the fourth quadrants (as x  0) and as such the graph of f(|x|) would be
symmetrical about the y-axis (as (|x|) is even).

The figure would make the procedure clear.

Drawing the graph of |y|=f(x) from the known graph of y=f(x)
Clearly |y|  0. If f(x) <0, graph of |y| =f(x) would not exist. And if f(x)  0, |y|=f(x) would give y=  f(x).
Hence graph of |y|=f(x) would exist only in the regions where f(x) is non-negative and will be reflected about
the x-axis only in those regions.

Drawing the graph of y=f(x+a), a  R from the known graph of y=f(x)

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Let us take any point x0  domain of f(x), and set x + a = x0 or x = x0 - a. a > 0  x < x0, and a < 0  x >
x0. That mean x0 and x0 -a would given us same abcissa for f(x) and f(x+a) respectively. As such, for a>0, graph of
f(x+a) can be obtained simply by translating the graph of f(x) in the negative x-direction through a distance ‘a’ units.
If a<0, graph of f(x+a) can be obtained by translating the graph of f(x) in the positive x-direction through a distance
a units.
Drawing the graph of y=a f(x) from the known graph of y=f(x)

It is cleat that the corresponding points (points with same x co-ordinates) would have their ordinates in the
ratio of 1 : a.
Drawing the graph of y=f(ax) from the known graph of y=f(x)

x0
Let us take any point x0  domain of f(x). Let ax = x0 or x= .
a
Clearly if 0<a<1 then x>x0 and f(x) will stretch by 1/a units against the y-axis, and if a>1 , x<x0, then
f(x) will compress by a units against the y-axis.

Drawing the graph of y=f1(x) from the known graph of y=f(x)

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MATHEMATICS Functions

For drawing the graph of y=f1 (x) we have to first of all find the interval in which the function is bijective
(invertible). Then take the reflection of y=f(x) (within the invertible region) about the line y=x. The reflected part
would give us the graph of y=f1(x).
e.g. let us draw the graph of y=sin-1 x. We know that y=f(x) = sin x is invertible if f: -/2,/2  1,1, 

the inverse mapping would be f-1 : 1,1  -/2,/2.

LEVEL-1
EXERCISE – I
Problems on composite of functons & real valued functions :
1. If f ( x)  x   and f ={(1, 1), (2, 3), (3, 5), (4, 7)}, then the values of ,  are
1) 2, -1 2) -2, 1 3) 3, -1 4) -2, -1

3  x  1, for  1  x  0
 f ( 0)  f (  / 6) 
1
f ( 5) 
1

2. If f ( x)  tan( x / 2), for 0  x   , then
 x 5 23
 2 , for   x  6
 x  2
27 27 3 1
1) 0 2)  3 3)  3 4)
23 23 2

 2 x  1, if x  1 f (1)  f ( 3)  f ( x) 32
3. If f ( x)   2 and if  , then x =
 x  1, if  1  x  1 f ( 2 )  f ( 1)  f (1 / 2 ) 25

1) 1 2) 0 3) 4 4) –2
2
4. If f and g are real functions defined by f ( x)  2 x  1 and g( x)  x , then
 f 
1) (3 f  2 g )(1)  1 2) ( fg )(2)  10 3
3) g (2)  128 4)  ( 2 )  3

 g  2

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MATHEMATICS Functions

2x 1 3
5. f : N  R such that f ( x)  and g : Q  R such that g( x)  x  2 be two functions. Then (gof)  
2 2
is equal to
7
1) 3 2) 3) 1 4) not defined
2
6. If f : R  R and g : R  R are defined by f(x) = 2x + 3 and g(x) : x2 + 7, then the values of x for which
f(g(x)) =25 are
1)  1 2)  2 3)  3 4)  4
3 2 3
7. If g( x ) x  11, f ( x ) x  2 , then fog(–4)=
1) 3 2) 4 3) 5 4) 6
5x  3
8. If y  f ( x)  then f(y) =
4x  5
5x  3
1)  x 2) x 3) 4) 2x
4x  5
9. If f : [–6, 6]  R is defined by f ( x) = x 2  3,  x  R , then (fofof) (–1) + (fofof)(0) + (fofof)(1) =
1) f ( 4 2 ) 2) f (3 2 ) 3) f (2 2 ) 4) f ( 2 )

10. If f ( x )  x , x  R , then
1) f ( x )  2 f ( x ) 2) f ( x)  x 3) f ( x )  ( f  f ) ( x ) 4) f ( x )  ( fof ) ( x )
Problems on even and odd Functions :
11. Which of the following is an odd function
4
1) f ( x )  cos x 2) f ( x )  2  x 2 3) f ( x )  2 x  x 4) f ( x )  x 3  x
12. log (x – 3) is
1) is an even function 2) an odd function 3) neither even nor odd 4) cannot be determined
13. f (x) is an odd polynomial function. Then cos[ f ( x)] is
1) an even function 2) an odd function 3) neither even nor odd 4) periodic function
14. f (x) is an odd polynomial function. Then f ( f ( x)) is
1) an even function 2) an odd function 3) neither even nor odd 4) periodic function
15. If f is an even function and g is an odd function, then f g is .... function
1) even 2) odd 3) neither even nor odd 4) either even or odd
Problems on Inverse of an element and Inverse of a Function :
2
16. If f : R  R defined by f ( x)  x  1 , then the set of all pre-images of 17  f 1 (17 ) , the set of all
pre-images of  3  f 1 ( 3 ) are respectively
1)  , {4, –4} 2) {3 ,  3} ,  3) {4 ,  4} ,  4) {4 ,  4}, {2 ,  2}

17. If f : R   R such that f ( x)  log 2 x , then f 1 ( x ) 

x
1) log x 2 2) 2 x 3) 2 4) doesn’t exist
18. Let f : N  Y be a function defined as f(x) = 4x + 3 where Y = {y N : y = 4x + 3 for some x N}. Then
inverse of f is
y 3 3y  4 y3 y3
1) g( y)  2) g( y)  3) g( y)  4  4) g( y) 
4 3 4 4
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MATHEMATICS Functions

19. If f : R  R , g : R  R functions defined by f ( x)  3 x  2 , g ( x )  x 2  1 , then ( gof 1 )( 2 ) 

25 25 16 4
1) 2) 3) 4)
9 3 9 3
20. If the functions of f and g are defined by f(x)=3–x, g(x)=2+3x for x R respectively, then g–1 (f–1(5))=
1 4 1
1) 1 2) 3)  4)
3 3 4
3x  2
21. If f ( x)  , then
5x  3
1 1
1) f 1 ( x)  f ( x) 2) f 1 ( x)   f ( x) 3) f ( x)   f ( x) 4) ( fof ) ( x)   x
19
Problems on Domains, Ranges :
10 x  10  x
22. The domain of is
10 x  10  x
1) R 2) R - {0} 3) R - {1} 4) R+
23. The domain of sec 5x is
    n  
1) R  {n : n  N} 2) R  (2n  1) ; n  Z  3) R   ; n  Z  4) R  (2n  1) ; n  Z 
 2   5   10 
24. Domain of 3
x . cot x is
1) R - {0} 2) R+ 3) R – {x / x  n, n  Z} 4) R
x1
25. The domain of is
x2  5 x  6
1) R – {2, 3} 2) (3,  ) 3) (–  ,  ) 4) (–  , 2)  (3,  )

26. The domain of the function f ( x)  log 3 (18 x  x 2  77) is

1) (7, 11) 2) (7, 10) 3) (8, 11) 4) (8, 10)

27. The domain of logx5 is

1) (0 ,  ) 2) R+ – {1} 3) R – {1} 4) (0 , 5)
x
28. If f ( x)  is a real function, then f : R  B is a surjection then B equals
2
1) R 2) R+ 3) R– 4) R+  {0}
x
29. A = {x/x  R, x  0, 4  x  4} and f:A  R is defined by f(x)= for x  A. Then the range of f is
x
1) {1, –1} 2) {x : 0  x  4} 3) {1} 4) {x : –4  x  0}
30. Domain, Range of f ( x )  x  x  1 are respectively
1) R – {1}, [0 , ) 2) R – {–1}, (0 ,  ) 3) R, (1,  ) 4) R, [1,  )
Problems on Nature of Functions :
31. fand h are from A into B where A={a,b,c,d}, B={s,t,u} defined as f ( a)  t , f ( b)  s, f ( c)  s, f ( d )  u ;
h( a)  s, h( b)  t , h( c)  s, h( a)  u, h( d )  u . Which one of the following statement is true
1) f and h are functions 2) f is a function and h is not a function
3) f and h are not functions 4) f is not a function and h is a function

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MATHEMATICS Functions

32. A = {1, 2, 5, 6, 11}, B = {2, –1, 1, 0, 11, 108} and f(x) = x2 – x – 2, then f : A  B is
1) function 2) one one 3) onto 4) not a function
33. The function f : N  N defined by f(n)=2n+3 is
1) surjective 2) injective
3) bijective 4) neither one-one nor onto
34. f : N  A , where N is the set of natural numbers and A is the set of even natural numbers, defined
by f ( x )  2 x , then f is
1) injective only 2) surjective only
3) a bijection 4) neither one-one nor onto

 x / 2 ( x is even)
35. Let Z denote the set of all integers and f : Z  Z defined by f ( x)   . Then f is
 0 ( x is odd)
1) onto but not one-one 2) one-one but onto
3) one-one and onto 4) neither one-one nor onto
36. If f :[0,  )  R defined by f ( x )  x 2 , then f is
1) a function 2) one one 3) onto 4) one one onto
37. Let X and Y be subsets of R, the set of all real numbers. The function f : X  Y defined by f(x) = x2 for
x  X is one-one but not onto if
1) X=Y=R+ 2) X=R, Y=R+ 3) X=R+, Y=R 4) X=Y=R
38. If f : A  A is defined by f ( x )  x 3 where A  { x /  1  x  1} , then f is
1) only one-one 2) only onto 3) bijection 4) not a function
39. The function cos(3x – 4) defined from R to R is
1) injective 2) surjective
3) one-one onto 4) neither injective nor surjective
40. A is a finite set and B is a singleton set. Then f : A  B is
1) one one 2) onto 3) a bijection 4) an into function
Problems on Number of Functions :
41. Let A be a set of n distinct elements. Then the total number of distinct functions from A to A is
1) n2 2) nn 3) 2n 4) n !
42. The number of one one functions that can be defined from {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} into{a, b, c, d} is
1) 120 2) 24 3) 20 4) 0
43. Let n(A) = 4 and n(B) = k. The number of all possible injections from A to B is 120 then k =
1) 9 2) 24 3) 5 4) 6
44. Let n(A) = 4 and n(B) = 5. The number of all possible many-one functions from A to B is
1) 625 2) 20 3) 120 4) 505
45. Set A contains 3 elements and set B contains 2 elements. The number of onto functions from A onto
B is
1) 3 2) 6 3) 8 4) 9
46. Let A = {1, 2, 3, ........ n} and B = {a, b, c}, the number of functions from A to B that are onto is :
1) 3n – 2n 2) 3n – 2n – 1 3) 3(2n – 1) 4) 3n – 3(2n – 1)

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MATHEMATICS Functions

47. Set A has 3 elements. Set B has 4 elements. The number of surjections that can be defined from A to
B is
1) 144 2) 12 3) 0 4) 64
48. If A = {a1, a2, ......, a10} and B = {b1, b2, b3,......, b10} then the number of bijections that can be defined
from A to B
1) 1010 2) 10 ! 3) 10 2 4) 10 9
49. The number of one one onto functions that can be defined from {1,2,3,4} onto setB is 24 then n(B) =
1) 4 2) 2 3) 3 4) 6
50. If A, B are two sets such that n(A) = 100, n(B) = 150, then the number of bijections from A onto B is
1) 100! 2) 150! 3) 150 P100 4) zero
51. A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, B = {a, b, c, d, e}, then the number of all possible constant functions from A to B is
1) 9 2) 4 3) 5 4) 16
EXERCISE - II
Problems on composition of functions & Real valued functions :
1. If f ( x )  log x , g( x )  x 3 , then f ( g (a ))  f ( g ( b)) =
1) f ( g ( a)  g ( ab )) 2) f ( g ( ab )) 3) g ( f ( ab )) 4) g ( f ( a)  f (b))

2. If f ( x )  px  q and g ( x )  rx  s , then,
1) f ( p)  g ( q) 2) f (q )  g ( q) 3) f ( s )  g ( q ) 4) f ( r )  g ( p)

 
3. If f ( x)  sin 2 x  sin 2 ( x   / 3)  cos x . cos  x   and g(5/4) =1, then (gof)(x) =
 3
1) 1 2) 0 3) sin x 4) cos x
x
4. If f ( x )  , then ( fofof )( x ) 
1  x2
3x 2x x 4x
1) 2) 3) 4)
1  3x 2 1  4x2 1  3x 2 1  4x2

5. Let f ( x )  x  1 , fof ( x )  f 2 ( x ); fofof ( x )  f 3 ( x ), fofofof ( x )  f 4 ( x ) ..... then f(2008

x) =
x1 1
1) x 2) f(x) 3) 0 4)
x
If f(x)=  x
6. , x  1 , then the value of  for which f(f(x)) = x is
x1
1) 2 2) – 2 3) 1 4) –1

7. If f ( x)  (10  x 7 )1 / 7 , then fof(x) =

1) 10 2) x 3) x7 4) 107

8.
x,
if x  Q
If f ( x ) is defined on [0, 1] as f ( x )  1  x , if x Q where ( fof )( x ) 
1) 1 2) x 3) 1 - x 4) 1 + x
n 1
9. If f (n)  ( 1) (n  1), G(n)  n  f (n ) for every n  N then (GOG) (n) =
1) n 2) n - 1 3) 1 4) 2

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MATHEMATICS Functions

10. If f (1)  1, f ( n  1)  2 f ( n)  1, n  1, then f ( n) is

1) 2n 1 2) 2 n 3) 2 n  1 4) 2 n 1  1

11. If g( x )  1  x and f ( g( x ))  3  2 x  x, then f ( x ) 

2
1) 1  2 x 2) 2  x 2 3) 1  x 4) 2  x
12. If f : R  R is defined by f ( x )  x 2  3 x  2 , and f ( x 2  3 x  2)  ax 4  bx 3  cx 2  dx  e then
a+b+c+d+e =
1) 1 2) 2 3) 30 4) 20
13. If f : R  R is defined by f ( x  1)  x 2  3 x  2, then f ( x  2) 
1) x 2  x 2) x 2  3x  2 3) x 2  2 x 4) x 2  x
14. The function y  f ( x) satisfying the condition f ( x  1 / x)  x 3  1 / x 3 is
1) f ( x)  x 2 2) f ( x)  x 2  2 3) f ( x)  x 2  2 4) f ( x )  x 3  3 x

 2, if n = 3k, k Z

15. If f:N  Z is defined by f(n) = 10  n, if n = 3k + 1, k  Z then {n N:f(n)>2} =
 0, if n = 3k + 2, k Z

1) {3, 6, 4} 2) {1, 4, 7} 3) {4, 7} 4) {7}

1 2 2  x2  
2 
16. If f ( x )  cos(log x ), then f ( x ). f ( y ) 2 2f ( x y )  f  y 2   
 
1
1) -2 2) -1 3) 4) 0
2

f (x) 10  x  200 x 
 , x  ( 10,10) and f ( x )  k f  ,
17. If e
10  x  100  x 2  then k =
1) 0.5 2) 0.6 3) 0.7 4) 0.8
 1 x
18. f ( x )  log  satisfies the equation f ( x1 )  f ( x2 ) 
 1 x 

 x x 
1 2
 x x 
1 2
 x x 
1 2
1) f   2) f   3) f   4) f(x1 x2 )
 1  x x
1 2   1  x x
1 2   1  x x
1 2 

19. If f(x)= x  2 and g(x)=f(f(x)), then for x>20, g(x) =

1) –x 2) x 3) x–4 4) 4–x
20. If f ( x )   x , then ( fofof )  x   fofof   x 

1) –2f 2) 2 f 3) 2f 4) – 2 f
21. If f(x)=x and g(x)=|x|, then f(x)+g(x) is equal to
1) 0 2) 2x 3) 2x if x  0 4) 2x if x  0
22. If f ( x )   x for x  0, f(0)=0, f ( x )  x for x > 0, then on R, f(x) is
2 2

2 2
1) x 2)  x 3)  x x 4) x x

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MATHEMATICS Functions

23. Suppose f : [–2, 2]  R is defined by f(x) =   1, for  2  x  0

x  1, for 0  x  2,
then {x[–2, 2]:x  0 and f  x   x } =

  1
1) {–1} 2) {0} 3)   4) 
2

24. If for x  [0,  ) , g[f(x)] = sinx f [ g( x )]  (sin x )2 , then

1) f ( x)  sin 2 x, g ( x)  x 2) f ( x)  sin x, g ( x)  x
3) f ( x)  sin x 2 , g ( x )  sin x 4) f , g cannot be determined

25. If f ( x )  cos[e 2 ] x  cos[ e 2 ] x where [x] stands for greatest integer function, then
1) f ( )  1 2) f (2  )  1 3) f ( / 2)  1 4) f (  / 4)  1
1
26. If f: R  R is defined by f(x) = x – [x] – for x R where [x] is the greatest integer not exeeding x,
2
 1
then  x  R : f ( x )  =
 2
1) Z, the set of all integers 2) N, the set of all natural numbers
3)  , the empty set 4) R
 1, if x  0
 f ( g(2009))
27. Let g( x)  1  x  [ x] and f ( x)  0 , if x  0 then =
g( f (2009))
1 , if x  0

1) x 2) 1 3) f (x) 4) g(x)
28. If f : R  R and g : R  R are defined by f ( x)  x  [ x] and g(x) = [x]  x R, f(g(x))=
1) x 2) 0 3) f(x) 4) g(x)
29. If f ( x )  [ x ] , g ( x )  x  [ x ] then which of the following functions is the zero function
1) ( f  g ) ( x) 2) ( fg ) ( x) 3) ( f  g ) ( x) 4) ( fog ) ( x)
30. If f : R  R and g : R  R are given by f(x)=|x| and g(x)=[x] for each x  R, then {x  R :
g(f(x))  f(g(x))}=
1) z  (–  , 0) 2) (–  , 0) 3) z 4) R

[ x] if 3  x  1

31. f ( x )   | x | if  1  x  1 , then { x : f ( x)  0} 
| [ x] | if 1 x 3
1) (–1, 3) 2) [–1, 3) 3) (–1, 3] 4) [–1, 3]
32. If f ( x ) is a polynomial in x (  0) satisfying the equation f ( x )  f (1/ x )  f ( x ). f (1/ x ) and f (2)  9 ,
then f (3) =
1) 26 2) 27 3) 28 4) 29
 1  1
33. If f ( x ) is a polynomial function such that f ( x) f    f ( x)  f   and f (3)   80 then
x x
 1
f (x)  f   
 x
4 1 4 1 4 1 1
1) x  4 2) x  4 3) x  4 4)  4
 x4
x x x x

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MATHEMATICS Functions
n

34. If f ( x ) is a function such that f ( x  y)  f ( x)  f ( y) and f (1)  7 , then  f (r ) 

r 1

7n 7(n  1) 7 n ( n  1)
1) 2) 3) 7 n ( n  1) 4)
2 2 2
35. If f ( x ) is a function such that f ( xy)  f ( x )  f ( y) and f(2)=1, then f ( x )
1) x 2 2) 2 x 3) log 2 x 4) log x 2

ax
36. f : R  R is given by f ( x)  V x  R , then f  1    2 
f  ..... 
 1995
f
 1996 
 f =
ax  a  1997  1997   1997   1997 
1) 997 2) 998 3) 1997 4) 1998
37. A real valued function f(x) satisfies the functional equation f ( x  y) = f ( x) f ( y)  f ( a  x ) f ( a + y)
where a is a given constant and f(0)=1, f(2a–x) is equal to:
1) f ( x ) 2) f ( a)  f ( a  x ) 3) f(x) 4) –f(x)
ff((xx)) f ( y) f (z) K
38. If f(x) = ( x  a )( x  b) and ((xx yy)()(xxzz))  ((y  zz)( y  x)  (z  x)(z  y)  xyz , then K =
x
1) a 2) b 3) ab 4) 3ab

39. If 2f(x) – 3f  1x  =x , x  0, then f(2) =

2

7 5
1)  2) 3) –1 4) 2
4 2
40. If f ( x  y , x  y ) = xy, then the arithmetic mean of f(x, y) and f(y, -x) is
1) 0 2) x 3) y 4) 1
41. A : f(x) = log x3 and g(x) = 3 log x are equal functions
R : Two functions f and g are said to be equal if their domains are equal and f(x) = g(x)  x.
1) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
2) Both A and R are true but R is not correct explanation of A
3) A is true but R is flase 4) A is false but R is true
Problems on even and odd functions :
42. Let f(x) = px 2  qx 4  r . Then for f to be an even function
1) p, q, r can be any real numbers 2) p, q R and r  R 
3) p, q  R  and r  R 4) p, q, r  R 
5 3
43. If f ( x )  ax  bx  cx  d is an odd function, then d =
1) 0 2) 1 3) -1 4) any real number
44. f(x) is an even polynomial function. Then sin ( f ( x )  3 x ) is
1) an even function 2) an odd function 3) neither even nor odd 4) periodic function
45. If f ( x ) and g ( x ) are be two functions with all real numbers as their domains, then
h( x )   f ( x )  f (  x ) g ( x )  g(  x ) is
1) always an odd function 2) an odd function with both f and g are odd
3) an odd function when f is even and g is odd 4) always an even function

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MATHEMATICS Functions

46. If f(x) + g(x) = e–x where f(x) is an even function and g(x) is an odd function then f(x)=
x x x x x x
1) e 2) e  e 3) e  e 4) e
2 2 2 2
47. A : The function f(x) = cos x is symmetric about the line x = 0
R : Every even function is symmetric about y-axis
1) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
2) Both A and R are true but R is not correct explanation of A
3) A is true but R is flase 4) A is false but R is true
48. A function whose graph is symmetrical about the y-axis is given by
sec 4 x  cos ec 4 x
1) f ( x )  cos[log( x  x 2  1)] 2) f ( x ) 
x 3  x 4 cot x
sec 4 x  cos ec 4 x
3) f ( x  y)  f ( x )  f ( y)  x , y  R 4) f ( x ) 
x 3  x 4 cot x
49. The graph of the function y = f(x) is symmetrical about the line x = 2, then
1) f  x  2   f  x  2  2) f  2  x   f  2  x  3) f(x) = f(–x) 4) f(x) = –f(–x)
Problems on Inverse of an element and Inverse of a function :
n
 2 if n iseven
50. If f : (1, 2, 3, .....)  {0,  1,  2, ......} is defined by f(n) =   n  1  , then f–1(–100) is
   if nisodd
  2 
1) 100 2) 199 3) 201 4) 200
1


51. If f ( x )  4   x  7  3  5
, then f 1 ( x ) =
1
1
1) (4  (7  x )3 ) 5 2) 3
4  x5  7 3) 4  x5  7 4) 3
4 x 7

1
52. If f : [1 ,  )  [2 ,  ) is given by f ( x )  x  , then f 1 ( x ) 
x
x  x2  4 x x  x2  4 x  x2  4
1) 2) 3) 4)
2 1  x2 2 2
53. If f : [1 ,  )  [1,  ) is defined by f ( x )  2 x ( x 1) then f 1 ( x ) 
x ( x  1) (1  1  4 log2 x ) (1  1  4 log2 x )
1) 2) 3) 4) 2 x( x  1)
2 2 2
54. If f:R  R is defined by f(x) = x – [x] , then the inverse function f–1(x)=
1
1) 2) [ x]  x 3) x  [x] 4) not defined
x  [ x]
55. Suppose f ( x )  ( x  1)2 for x  1 . If g (x) is the function whose grpah is the reflection of the
graph of f(x) w.r.t the line y = x, then g(x) is equal to
1
1)  x  1, x  0 2) , x  1 3) x  1 , x  1 4) x  1, x  0
( x  1) 2

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MATHEMATICS Functions

56. Let f :[ 1,  )  R be given by f(x)=(x+1)2–1, x > –1, then f–1(x)

1) –1+ x  1 2) –1– x  1
3) doesnot exists because f is not 1–1 4) doesnot exists because f is not onto
Problems on Domains :
 2x  1 
57.  x  R : 3 2
 R =
 x  4x  3x 
 1 
1) R – {0} 2) R – {0,1,3} 3) R  
0, 1, 3, 
 4) R – {0,–1,–3}
 2 
1
58. The domain of  3 x  1  2 x 2 is
2
x x
1  1  1  1 
1)  ,1 2)  ,1 3)  , 1 4)  , 1
2  2  2   2 

59. Domain of the real valued function 25  9 x 2  x 2  x  1 is

 5 5  5 5  5  5 
1)   ,  2)   ,  3) (  ,  5 / 3)  [5 / 3, ] 4)   ,     , 
3 3  3 3 3 3

x3 2 x
60. The domain of f ( x )   is
x3 2 x
1) (  , 2)  (3,  ) 2) (2, 3) 3) R 4) 
1
61. The domain of f ( x )  is
( x  1)( x  2)( x  3)
1) (  , 1)  (3,  ) 2) (1, 2)  (3, ) 3) ( ,2) 4) R

2x  1
62. The domain of 2 is
2 x  3 x2  x
3

1) (  ,  1) 2) (0 ,  ) 3) (  ,  1)  (0 ,  ) 4) R

2x  1
63. The domain of the function f (x)  3 2 is
x  10x  11
1) ( , 0) 2) (0 ,  )
3) (  ,  1)  ( 1,11)  (11,  ) 4) (  ,  )

1
64. A is the domain of f ( x )  and B is the domain of g ( x )  1  x then A  B 
x x
1) (-1, 0) 2) [-1, 0) 3) (-1, 1) 4) [-1, 1]

65. The domain of f ( x )  x 2  4 x  3 is

1) ( , 3] 2) [1,  )
3) (  ,  3]  [ 1,  ) 4) ( ,  3]  [ 1, 1]  [3, )

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MATHEMATICS Functions
1
66. The domain of the function cos x
is

1) R    / 2 2) R    / 2 , 3 / 2

3) R   x / x  2n   / 2 , n  I  4) R  {x  n   / 2, n  I}

67. Domain of x 2  [ x ]2 is
1) ( , 0] 2) [0, ) 3) R   Z 4) R  {0}
 1 
 
68. The domain of x  log x  is
1) (0, ) 2) (1, ) 3) (0, 1)  (1, ) 4) [1, )

 x5  3
69. The domain of f ( x)  log 2   x  5 is
 x  10 x  24 
1) (4, 5) 2) (6,  ) 3) ( 4, 5)  (6, ) 4) ( 4, 5]  (6, )
70. Domain of 1/ log x is
1) R - {0, 1, -1} 2) R - {0} 3) R - {-1, 1} 4) R

 4  x2 
71. The domain of log   is
 1 x 
1) (2, 2) 2) ( 1, ) 3) [1, 2] 4) (1, 2)

72. The domain of log a x ( a  1) is

1) (0 , 1) 2) [ 0, 1] 3) [1, ) 4) (1, )

 5 x  x2 
73. The domain of the function log10  is
 4 

1) 1, 4  2)  1, 4  3)  0, 5 4)  1, 5

74. The domain of the function f ( x )  log  

log 0.2 x is

1) (0, 1) 2) (0, 1] 3) [1, ) 4) (1, )

1
75. The domain of the function log is
sin x
1) R - {0} 2) R  {0 , }
3) R  {x : x  n / n  I} 4) R  {x : x  2n / n  I}
76. The domain of the function log (sin2 x ) is

1) [0, 2] 2) [ ,  ] 3) R 4) R   n : n  z

77. The domain of f ( x )  log 10  x  4  6  x is 

1) [4 , 6] 2) ( , 6) 3) ( 2 , 3) 4) ( , 4)

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MATHEMATICS Functions

78. Domain of log e log e x is

1) (1, ) 2) (e, ) ( , 0) 3) (0, ) 4) (0, 1)  (1, )
x
79. The domain of function log10 log 10 log 10 log10 log 10 is
10
1) (10 4 , ) 2) (1010 , ) 3) (1010 , ) 4) (10100 , )

80. The functions f(x)=log(x–1) – log(x – 2) and g(x) = log  x  2

x  1 are identical on

1) [1, 2] 2) [2,  ) 3) (2,  ) 4) R


81. The domain of the function f ( x)  [ x] sin , where [ ] denote greatest integer function is
 x  1
1) R  {1} 2) ( , 1)  [0, ) 3) ( , 1]  [0, ) 4) ( , 1)  (0, )

82. If A is the set of real values of x such that e (1 / x ) 1  1, then A =

1) ( , 0)  (1, ) 2) ( , 0) 3) (1, ) 4) (0, 1)

83. If e x  e f ( x )  e , then domain of f(x) is

1) (  , 0] 2) [0, 1] 3) (  , 1) 4) (1, )
Problems on Range :
84. If f : R   B such that f ( x)  x 2  4 x  5 is a bijection, B =
1) R 2) [0, ) 3) [1, ) 4) [5, )
85. If f ( x)  x 2  4 x  5 then the range of f is
1) [4, ) 2) (4, ) 3) (5, ) 4) R
86. The range of x 2  4 y 2  9 z2  6 yz  3 xz  2 xy is
1)  2) R 3) [0, ) 4) ( , 0)

87. If a2  b2  c2  2 then the range of ab+bc+ca is

1) [1/ 2,1] 2) [ 1/ 2, ) 3) [ -1, 2] 4) [1,  )

x2
88. The range of f ( x)  is
1  x2
1) [0, 1) 2) (0, 1) 3) (0, ) 4) (0, 2)

x2
89. The range of the function f ( x)  is
x4  1

 1  1
1)  0 ,  2) 0 ,  3) [0, ) 4) [0 , 2]
 2  2 
1  tan x
90. The range of the function f ( x )  is
1  tan x
1) R - {0} 2) R 3) R - {-1} 4) R - {1}

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MATHEMATICS Functions

sin  [ x 2  1]
91. The range of f ( x)  is
x4  1
1) R 2) [-1, 1] 3) {0, 1} 4) {0}
92. If f : R  R and g : R  R are defined by f ( x)  | x | and g( x)  [ x  3]  x  R , then
 8 8
 g( f ( x) :   x  =
 5 5
1) {0, 1} 2) {1, 2} 3) {–3, –2} 4) {2, 3}
93. Range of [sinx] is
1) [-1, 1] 2) {-1, 1} 3) {-1, 0, 1} 4) (0, 1)
94. The range of f(x) = [tan x] is
1) R 2) Z 3) {1, 3} 4) N
 
95. The range of the function f ( x )  cos[ x] where   x is
2 2
1) {-1, 1, 0} 2) {cos 1, cos 2} 3) {cos 1, cos 2, 1} 4) {0, 1}
96. The range of [x] – x is A and x-[x] is B then A  B =
1) {0} 2) (-1, 1) 3) (0, 1) 4) 
97. If f : R  R is defined by f(x) = [2x]–2[x] for x  R, where [x] is the greatest integer not exceeding x,
then the range of f is
1) {x  R : 0  x  1} 2) {0, 1} 3) {x  R : x  0} 4) {x  R : x  0}

 4  x2 
98. The range of sin log   is
 (1  x ) 

1) [–1, 1] 2) (–2, 1) 3) (–2, –1) 4) [0 , 1]

99. Let f ( x)  sin x and g( x )  log x . If the ranges of composite functions fog and gof are R1 and R2
repsectively, then
1) R1  {u : 1  u  1}, R2  { :     0} 2) R1  {u :   u  0}, R2  { : 1    1}
3) R1  {u : 1  u  1}, R2  { :     0} 4) R1  {u : 1  u  1}, R2  { :     0}
Problems on nature of functions :
100. If f from [–1, 1] into [–1, 1] defined by f ( x )  3 x  5 then f is
1) not a function 2) a function 3) one one 4) onto

101. If f : D  R be the function with domain D =  x :  2  x  2  and f(x) =3+4x, R being the set of
all real, then which one of the following statement is correct ?
1) f is not one-one but onto on R 2) f is one-one but not onto on R
3) f is one-one as well as onto on R 4) f is neither one-one nor onto on R


2 x  5, if x  0
102. If f : R  R defined by f ( x)  3 x  2, if x  0 then f is

1) a function 2) one one 3) onto 4) one one onto

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MATHEMATICS Functions

n1
 , when n is odd
f  n   2
103. A function 'f' from the set of natural numbers to integers defined by n
  , when n is even
 2
1) one-one but not onto 2) onto but not one-one
3) one-one and onto both 4) Neither one-one nor onto

104. If f : R  R is defined by f ( x)  x  x 2 , then f is

1) an injection 2) onto 3) a bijection 4) Only function

105. A   x :  1  x  1 . f : A  A defined by f ( x)  x x . Then f is

1) a bijection 2) an injection but not surjection
3) a surjection but not an injection 4) neither an injection nor a surjection

106. If f ( x)  x  1  x  2  x  3 , f:[2,3]  R is
1) one-one onto function 2) an onto function only
3) an identity function 4) an into function only
x
107. y  f ( x)  , x  R , y  R is
1 x
1) one-one and onto 2) onto but not one-one
3) one-one but not onto 4) neither one-one
x
e  e x
108. f : R  R is a function defined by f ( x )  . Then f is
e x  e x
1) one-one and onto 2) one-one but not onto
3) onto but not one-one 4) neither one-one nor onto
2 2
e x  e x
109. If f : R  R defined by f ( x)  2 2 , then f is
e x  e x
1) one-one but not onto 2) not one-one but onto
3) one-one and onto 4) neither one-one nor onto

110. If f : [0,1]  [–1,3]defined by f ( x)  x2  x  1 , then f is

1) a function 2) one one 3) onto 4) one one onto

111. If f : R  R defined by f ( x)  x 2  2 x  3 , then f is

1) a function 2) one one 3) onto 4) one one onto
1
112. If f : R  (0,1] defined by f ( x)  2 , then f is
x 1
1) not one-one 2) not onto
3) not one-one but onto 4) one-one but not onto
x2  4
113. If f : R  R is defined by f ( x)  , then f ( x) is
x2  1
1) one-one and not onto 2) one-one and onto
3) not one-one but onto 4) neither one-one nor onto

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MATHEMATICS Functions

114. Which of the following functions is not injective ?

1
1) f ( x )  x  1 , x [ 1, ) 2) g( x )  x  , x (0, )
x
3) h( x)  x 2  4 x  5, x (0, ) 4) k ( x )  e x , x [0, )

115. The function f : R  R defined by f ( x) = x – [x],  x  R is

1) one-one 2) onto
3) Both one-one and onto 4) neither one-one nor onto
116. f : R  R defined by f ( x)  2 x , x  (0,1), f ( x)  3 x , x  [1,  ) is
1) onto 2) one-one
3) neither one-one nor onto 4) one one onto
117. f : R   R defined by f ( x)  log e x , x  (0,1), f ( x)  2 log e x , x  [1,  ) is
1) onto 2) one-one 3) not one-one 4) a bijection
118. Statement I : f : A  B is one - one and g : B  C is a one-one function, then gof : A  C is one - one
Statement II : If f : A  B , g : B  A are two functions such that gof = IA and fog = IB, then f = g–1.
Statement III : f(x) = sec2x – tan2x, g(x) = cosec2x – cot2x, then f = g
Which of the above statement/s is/are true.
1) only III 2) both I & III 3) both I & II 4) I, II, III
Problems to be taught after complex numbers

e x  e x
119. If f ( x )  , then the inverse function of f ( x) is
2

1) loge ( x  x 2  1) 2) log e x 2  1 3) loge ( x  x 2  1) 4) loge ( x  x 2  1)

10 x  10 x
120. If f ( x)  then f –1(x) =
10 x  10  x
1 1 x 1 1 2x
1) log10 (2  x) 2) log10 3) log10 (2 x  1) 4) log10
2 1 x 2 4 2 x
1 
121. Let f :  ,1   1,1 is given by f ( x)  4 x3  3 x then f 1 ( x ) is given by
2 

1 1   1 1 
1) cos  cos x 
3 
 1
2) 3cos sin x  3) 3sin 1  cos x  4) sin  cos x 
3

tan 2 x
122. The domain of the function f ( x )  is
6cos x  2sin 2 x

     
1) R  (2 n  1) : n  Z  2) R  (2 n  1) : n  Z 
 2   4 

     
3) R  (2n  1) : n  Z   (2 n  1) : n  Z  4) R
 2   4 

IIT Vol - 1A 25
MATHEMATICS Functions
1
123. The domain of f ( x )  is
sin x  sin x
1) R 2) nU
Z
((2n  1), 2( n  1) )

3) U (2n, (2n  1)) 4) 

nZ

124. The domain of the function f ( x )  cos ec x  1 is

 
1)  (2 n  1), 2n   2)  2 n , (2 n  1)   3)  2n , 2 n    4) 
2
125. If f ( x )  sin x has an inverse if its domain is
 
1) [0, ] 2) 0,  3) [  / 4 ,  / 4] 4) [  / 2,  / 2]
 2
126. Let f ( x )  sin x  cos x , g( x )  x 2  1 . Then g( f ( x )) is invertible for x 
          
1)  , 0  2)  ,  3)  ,  4) 0, 
 2   2   4 4  2

127. Domain of sin–1 5x is

 1 1  1 1   
1)   ,  2)  ,  3) [–1, 1] 4)  , 
 5 5  5 5  2 2

sin 1  x  3 
128. The domain of the function f  x   is
9  x2
1) [2, 3] 2) [2, 3) 3) [1, 2] 4) [1, 2)
3x  1
129. The domain of 1  3 x  cos1 is
2
 1 1
1) ( , 1) 2) (0, ) 3) ( , 1)  (0, ) 4)   , 
 3 3

130. The domain of cos 1 3x is :

 1 1  1 1  1  1
1)   ,  2)  ,  3)  0,  4) 0, 
 3 3  3 3  3  3

131. The domain of the function f ( x)  sin  1 x is

1) [0, 1] 2) [-1, 1] 3) (  ,  ) 4) (0, 1)


132. Domain of sin 1 (2 x)  is :
6
 1 1  1 1  1 1  1 1
1)  ,  2)  ,  3)   ,  4)  , 
 4 2  2 2  2 9  4 4

1 3x  1
133. The domain of sin  cos  sin x  is
2
1) [-1, 1] 2) [-1/3, 0] 3) (0, 1] 4) [-1/3, 1]

IIT Vol - 1A 26
MATHEMATICS Functions
 2
1 1 1  x
134. The domain of the function f ( x )  sin (log 2 x )  sin  2x   cos(sin x) is
 
1) {1} 2) {-1, 1} 3) {x :1  x  2} 4) Not defined for any real x.

cos ec1 x
135.The domain of f ( x)  is
[ x]
1) [-1, 1] 2) R - [-1, 1] 3) R - (-1, 1) 4) R – ( 0, 1)

1  x 
136. The domain of the function sin   1  log x  [ x] is
2
1) (0, 4) 2) R - I 3) {1, 2, 3} 4) (0, 4) - {1, 2, 3}
    2 x 
137. The largest interval lying in  ,  for which the function f ( x )  4  x  cos 1   1  log(cos x)
 2 2 2 
is defined, is
       
1)   ,  2) 0,  3)  0,   4)   , 
 4 2  2 2 2
1
138. The domain of log(tan x ) is
  
1) R 2) R+ 3)  0,   4)   , 
2 2
(tan 1 x ) 1
139. The domain of f ( x)  log 2 log 3 log 4 is


4 
1) (-1, 1) 2) (0, 1) 3)  ,  4) R

tanh  1 (2 x  3)
140. The domain of is
4  x2
1) (-2, 2) 2) (1, 2) 3) [1, 2] 4) [0, 2)

141. If f : R  S , defined by f(x)=sinx– 3 cosx+1, is onto, then the interval of S is

1) [0, 3] 2) [-1, 1] 3) [0, 1] 4) [-1, 3]

142. The range of the function f ( x )  [sin x  cos x ] (where [x] denotes the greatest integer function) is
1) [-2, 1] 2) {-2, -1, 0, 1} 3) {-1, 1} 4){-2, -1, 1}

 2x 
143. Let f :  1, 1  B , be a function defined by f  x   tan1  , then f is both one-one and onto
 1  x 2 
when B is the interval
         
1)  0,  2) 0,  3)   ,  4)   , 
2  2  2 2 2 2

1  
144. The range of the function f ( x)  tan [ x],   x  where [.] denotes the greatest integer function
4 4
       
1)  , 0  2)   ,  3)   4) {1, 0}
 4   4 4  4

IIT Vol - 1A 27
MATHEMATICS Functions

145. If f : [2, 3]  R is defined by f ( x)  x 3  3 x  2 , then the range f(x) is contained in the internal
1) [12,34] 2) [1,12] 3) [35,50] 4) [–12,12]
ax  b
146. The function f : C  C defined by f(x)= for x C where bd  0 reduces to a constant function if
cx  d
1) a = c 2) b = d 3) ad = bc 4) ab = cd
147. The function sin 1 x  cos 1 x   1  x  1 is
1) a one-one function 2) a constant function 3) an identity function 4) onto function
148. Strictly monotonic function is
1) onto definitely 2) bijection
3) one-one definitely 4) neither one-one nor onto
149. The function f : R  R is defined by f(x) = 3–x. Observe the following statements on it
I. f is one-one II. f is onto
III. f is a decreasing fucntion Out of these, true statements are
1) only I, II 2) only II, III 3) only I, III 4) I, II, III
150. For real x, let f(x) = x3 + 5x + 1, then
1) f is one-one but not onto R 2) f is onto R but not one-one
3) f is one-one and onto R 4) f is neither one-one not onto R
151. Let the function f : R  R be defined by f ( x )  2 x  sin x for x  R , then f is :
1) one - one and onto 2) one-one but not onto
3) onto but not one - one 4) neither one - one nor onto
152. If f : C  C where C is set of complex numbers and f  z   z , then f is
1) one - one 2) onto
3) one one - onto 4) neither one-one nor onto
153. If f : C  C such that f ( z) = z  z  z  C , then f is
1) one-one 2) onto
3) bijection 4) neither one one nor onto

154. If f : R  C is defined by f(x) = e2ix  x  R , then f is (where C denotes the set of all complex
numbers)
1) one-one 2) onto
3) bijection 4) neither one one nor onto

EXERCISE - III
1. If f ( x )  2 f (1  x )  x 2  2 V x  R , then f(x) is given by
( x  2)2 2
1) 2) x 2  2 3) 1 4) x  2
3
2. f : N  R is given by f(1) = 1 and f(1)+2f(2)+3f(3)+.........+nf(n)=n(n+1)f(n), for n  2 , then
f(1994) =
1 1
1) 2) 1994 3) 4) 3998
1994 3988
IIT Vol - 1A 28
MATHEMATICS Functions

 2  x, 0  x  2
3. A single formula that gives f(x) for all x>0, where f(x) =  is
 3 x  2, x  2
1) f ( x)  x  2  2x 2) f ( x)  2x 1  x 3) f ( x)  3x  1  3 4) f ( x)  3x  2  1
2 f (n)  1
4. If f(n + 1) = , n=1, 2.... and f(1)=2, then f(101) =
2
1) 52 2) 49 3) 48 4) 51
n
n
5. The value of natural number ‘a’ for which  f (a  k )  16(2
k 1
 1) , where the function satisfies the
relation f (x+y) = f(x) . f(y) for all natural numbers x, y and further f(1)=2 is
1) 3 2) 4 3) 2 4) 1

6. Let f :   100 , 1000     1,1 be defined by f(  )=sin2  . Then the number of values of


   100 , 1000  for which f ( )  0 is
1) 1100 2) 1110 3) 1000 4) 1101
7. For a real number x, [x] denotes the integral part of x. The value of

1 1 1  1 2  1 3   1 99 
 2    2  100    2  100    2  100   .......   2  100  
       
1) 49 2) 50 3) 48 4) 51
8. If f is an even function defined on the interval [–5, 5], then the real values of x satisfying the
 x1
equation f ( x)  f   are
 x2
1  5  3  5 3 5 4  5 2 5 4 5  4  5 1  5
1) , 2) , 3) , 4) ,
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
9. Let f be an injective map with domain { x, y, z} and range {1, 2, 4} such that exactly one of the
following statements is correct and the remaining are false: f(x)=1, f(y)  1, f(z)  2. The value of f–
1
(1) is
1) y 2) x 3) z 4) 0
10. Let f : R  R be given by f ( x )  ( x  1) 2  1, x  1. Then the set of values of x for which f ( x )  f 1 ( x )
is given by
1) {0} 2) {–1, 0} 3) {–1} 4) {0, 1}

1 x
11. The domain of is
2 x

1) [ 1,1]  (  ,  2)  ( 2,  ) 2) (  ,  )  [ 2, 2]
3) (  ,  )  [ 1,1] 4) R

12. The domain of the function f ( x)  log 10 sin( x  3)  16  x 2 is

1) (3, 4] 2) (–4, 4) 3) (3,   3) 4) (1, –1)

IIT Vol - 1A 29
MATHEMATICS Functions

13. The domain of the function f ( x)  log x cos x is

          
1)  0,   {1} 2)  ,   {1} 3)   ,  4)  , 
 2  2 2  2 2  2 2

 1 1
14. If a function f satisfies the condition f  x    x 2  2 ( x  0) then domain of f (x) is :
 x x
1) (–2, 2) 2) (–  , 2) 3) (2,  ) 4) R –{0}
15. If f(x) = [x] where [x] denotes the greatest integer not exceeding x and g(x)=cos(  x), then the
range of the function gof is
1) {0} 2) {–1, 1} 3){–1, 0, 1} 4)  x : 1  x  1
16. If domain of x  x  [ x ] is (0, 3), then its range is
1) [0, 3) 2) [0, 4) 3) [0, 3] 4) ( 0, 4)
x2  1
17. If f ( x)  , ([.] denotes the greatest integer function), 1  x  4 , then
[ x]
17
1) range of f is 2,  2) f is monotonically increasing in [1, 4]
 3
17 17
3) the maximum value of f (x ) is 4) the maximum value of f (x ) is
3 4
18. If f : R  R where f ( x )  ax  cos x , if f is bijective, then
1) a  R 2) a  R  3) a  R  4) a  R  ( 1 ,1)
x2  4
19. If f : R  {1,2}  R  {1,4} defined by f ( x )  2 is
x  3x  2
1) one-one 2) onto
3) bijective 4) neither one-one nor onto
20. The function f : R  R defined by f ( x )  4 x  4 x is
1) one-one and into 2) many one and into 3) one-one and onto 4) many one and onto
3
21. The function f : ( , 1)  (0 , e 5 ] defined by f ( x)  e x  3 x  2 is
1) Many one and onto 2) Many one and into 3) One - one and onto 4) One - one and into
Problems to be taught after complex numbers:

1  3 
22. The domain of f ( x)  sin  is
4  2 sin x 
 5     7       
1)   ,  2)   ,  3)   ,   4)   , 
 6 3  6 6   6   2 2
  
23. Given A =  x :  x   and f ( x )  cos x  x (1  x ), then f(A) =
 6 3
1    3    1    
1)  2  3  1  3  , 2
 1 
6

6 2)    1   , 0 
  2 3 3 
3) [0, 1] 4) [–1, 1]

IIT Vol - 1A 30
MATHEMATICS Functions

LEVEL - I / ANSWERS
EXERCISE-I

1) 1 2) 4 3) 2 4) 1 5) 4 6) 2 7) 3 8) 2 9) 1 10) 4
11) 4 12) 3 13) 1 14) 2 15) 2 16) 3 17) 2 18) 1 19) 1 20) 3
21) 1 22) 2 23) 4 24) 3 25) 4 26) 1 27) 2 28) 4 29) 1 30) 4
31) 2 32) 4 33) 2 34) 3 35) 1 36) 2 37) 3 38) 3 39) 4 40) 2
41) 2 42) 4 43) 3 44) 4 45) 2 46) 4 47) 3 48) 2 49) 1 50) 4
51) 3

EXERCISE - II

1) 2 2) 3 3) 1 4) 3 5) 1 6) 4 7) 2 8) 2 9) 3 10) 3
11) 2 12) 3 13) 1 14) 4 15) 2 16) 4 17) 1 18) 1 19) 3 20) 3
21) 3 22) 4 23) 3 24) 1 25) 3 26) 3 27) 2 28) 2 29) 4 30) 4
31) 3 32) 3 33) 3 34) 4 35) 3 36) 2 37) 4 38) 3 39) 1 40) 1
41) 1 42) 1 43) 1 44) 3 45) 1 46) 2 47) 1 48) 1 49) 2 50) 3
51) 2 52) 1 53) 2 54) 4 55) 4 56) 4 57) 4 58) 2 59) 2 60) 4
61) 2 62) 3 63) 3 64) 2 65) 4 66) 4 67) 3 68) 3 69) 3 70) 1
71) 4 72) 3 73) 1 74) 1 75) 3 76) 4 77) 1 78) 4 79) 3 80) 3
81) 2 82) 1 83) 3 84) 3 85) 1 86) 3 87) 3 88) 1 89) 2 90) 3
91) 4 92) 3 93) 3 94) 2 95) 3 96) 1 97) 2 98) 1 99) 4 100) 1
101) 2 102) 2 103) 3 104) 4 105) 1 106) 3 107) 3 108) 4 109) 4 110) 2
111) 1 112) 3 113) 4 114) 2 115) 4 116) 2 117) 4 118) 3 119) 3 120) 2
121) 1 122) 3 123) 3 124) 2 125) 2 126) 3 127) 2 128) 2 129) 4 130) 4
131) 1 132) 1 133) 4 134) 1 135) 3 136) 4 137) 2 138) 2 139) 2 140) 2
141) 4 142) 2 143) 4 144) 1 145) 1 146) 3 147) 2 148) 3 149) 3 150) 3
151) 1 152) 4 153) 4 154) 4
EXERCISE - III
1) 1 2) 3 3) 1 4) 1 5) 1 6) 4 7) 2 8) 1 9) 1 10) 2
11) 1 12) 1 13) 1 14) 4 15) 2 16) 4 17) 1 18) 4 19) 3 20) 2

21) 4 22) 2 23) 1

IIT Vol - 1A 31
MATHEMATICS Functions

PRACTICE SHEET -1
Straight objective questions (single answer type questions)
PROBLEMS ON | x |, [x], {x} :
1. The graph of the equation y  | y |  x  | x | 0 is represented by
a) the x-axis b) the bisector line of the first quadrant
c) a pair of lines bisecting all the quadrants d) all points of the fourth quadrant

2. If f(x)  cos[ 2 ]x  cos[ 2 ]x, where [x] is the greatest integer function,then
 
a) f    1 b) f( )  1 c) f () 1 d) f  2
2 4
3. If x satisfies | x-1 | + | x-2 | + | x-3 |  6, then
a) 0  x  4 b) x  2 or x  4 c) x  0 or x  4 d) x  R
4. If y=3[x]+1=2[x-3]+5, then
a) [x]= -1 b) y= 5 c) [x-y] = 2 d) [x+y] = -7
PROBLEMS ON FUNCTIONAL RELATIONS :
5. Let g(x) be a function defined on [-1, 1] so that the area of the equilateral triangle with two of its
3
vertices at (0, 0) and (x, g(x)) is . The function g(x) is equal to
4
1 3
a) 1  x 2 b)  1  x 2 c) 1  x2 d) 1  x2
2 8
6. Let f(x) = Ax2 + Bx + C, where A, B, C are real numbers. If f(x) is an integer whenever x is an
integer, then
a) A is an integer b) B is an integer c) C is an non-integer d) A + B is an integer
 x 1 
7. If f (x)    , then which of the following statement(s) is/are correct
 x 1
1 1  1 1  1 2
a) f    f (x) b) f    f (x) c) f    d) f   
x x  x  f (x)  x f (x)
8. If f(x+2y, x-2y)=xy, then f(x,y) equals

x2  y 2 x2  y 2 x2  y 2 x2  y 2
a) b) c) d)
8 4 4 2
PROBLEMS ON COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS :
9. If f ( x )  ax  b and g ( x)  cx  d , then f ( g ( x))  g ( f ( x)) 
a) f ( a)  g (c ) b) f (b)  g (b) c) f ( d )  g (b) d) ad  b  bc  d
x
10. Let f(x)  , x  1 . Then for what value of  is f(f(x)) =x
x 1
a) 2 b)  2 c) 1 d) –1

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MATHEMATICS Functions

11. Let f be the greatest integer function and g be the modulous functions, then
 5
a) (gof  fog)     1 b) (f  2g)(1)  1
 3

5
c) (gof  fog)    0 d) (f  2g)(1)  1
 3
PROBLEMS ON EVEN AND ODD FUNCTIONS:
e 2 x 1
12. The function 2 x is
e 1
a) symmetric about y axis b) symmetric in opposite quadrants
c) odd d) even

   
13. f (x)  cos 2 x  cos 2   x   cos x cos   x  is
3  3 
a) an odd function b) an even function c) a periodic function d) f(0) = f(1)
14. Which of the following functions are even?

 a x 1 
a) f (x)  x  x  b) g(x)  ln(x  (x 2  a 2 ))
 a 1 
0, if x is rational
c) h(x)  3 (1  x) 2  3 (1  x) 2 d) p(x)  
1, if x is irrational
co sx
15. f(x) = , where x is not an integral multiple of  and [x] denote the greatest integer
x 1

   2
funtion, is
a) and odd function b) an even function
c) neither odd nor even d) symmetric in opposite quadrants
16. Let f : [-10, 10]  R, where f(x)=sin x+[x2/a] be an odd function. Then set of values of
parameter ‘a’ is/are:
a) (-10, 10)-{0} b) (1000,  ) c) [100,  ) d) (100,  )
Linked Comprehension type questions
Passage - I :
For x  0,1, define
f1 ( x )  x, f 2 ( x)  1/ x, f3 ( x)  1  x,
f 4 ( x)  1/(1  x ), f5 ( x )  ( x  1) / x, f 6 ( x)  x /( x  1)
This family of functions is closed under composition that is, the composition of any two of these
functions is again one of these.
17. Let F be a function such that f1 0 F = f4. Then F is equal to
a) f1 b) f2 c) f3 d) f4

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MATHEMATICS Functions

18. Let G be a function such that G 0 f3 = f6. Then G is equal to

a) f5 b) f4 c) f3 d) f2
19. Let H be a function such that f4 0 M = f5. Then H is equal to
a) f6 b) f4 c) f5 d) f3
Passage - II :
The function f(x) = mx satisfies f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) and f(x) = ax satisfies f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) and f(x)
= ax satisfies f(x + y) = f(x) f(y).
From the given functional relations, we can determine several things about the functions. At times
the function can be determined uniquely from the functional equation.
20. If f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) for all x, y then f(4) is equal to
a) f(1) b) 4f(1) c) 2f(1) d) 0
21. If f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) for all x, y and f(1) = 1 then f(- 9/8) is euqal to
a) 9/8 b) 8/9 c) - 9/8 d) 1

22.  2 2
If f(x) + f(y) = f x 1  x  y 1  x then 
a) f (4 x 2  3 x)  3 f ( x)  0 b) f (3 x  4 x 3 )  3 f ( x )  0

c) f (4 x3  3 x)  3 f ( x )  0 d) f (4 x 3  3 x)  3 f ( x )  0

Matrix Matching type :

23. Column - 1 gives the functions and Column - 2 gives the nature of function
Column - I Column - II
x
A) p) Even
e 1
x

x x
B)  x q) Odd
2 e 1

x 2  1  x 1
C) r) Both even and odd
x 2  1  x 1

D) In ( x 4  x 2  1)  2 ln( x 2  x  1) s) Neither even nor odd

x2  6 x  5
24. Let f ( x) 
x2  5x  6
Column - I Column - II
A) If - 1 < x < 1, then f(x) satisfies p) 0  f ( x )  1
B) If 1 < x < 2, then f(x) satisfies q) f ( x)  0
C) If 3 < x < 5, then f(x) satisfies r) f ( x)  0
D) If x > 5, then f(x) satifies s) f ( x )  1

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Integer type Questions :

25. If f(x) is a polynomial of least degree such that f(r) = 1/r, r = 1, 2, 3,.....9, then 10 f(10)
26. If f(x) is a polynomial such that
f ( x) f ( y)  f ( x)  f ( y)  f ( xy)  2 x, y and f (2)  5, then f (4) 10 

27. If f ( x) 1 x1/3 and g ( f ( x))  3 x1/3  x, then g(5) 60 

 9 f (n ) 
28. If 2 f ( xy )  ( f ( x))  ( f ( y ))  x, y and f (1)  2, then  
y x 
10 
 n 1 2 

29. The number of roots of the equation | x |  | x  1|  | x  1| 1 is

1 1
30. If f(x) is a polynomial such that f ( x ) f    f ( x )  f   ,  x  0, and f ( 2)  33, then f(1) =
 x  x

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 / ANSWERS

1) B 2) A 3) C 4) D 5) A 6) D 7) B 8) A 9) C 10) D

11) A,B,C 12) B,C 13) B,C,D 14) A,B,D 15) A,D 16) B,D 17) D

18) A 19) B 20) B 21) C 22) D 23) A - s,B - p,C - q,D - q.

24) A - p,r,s,B - q,s,C - q,s,D - p,r,s 25) 2 26) 7 27) 3 28) 0 29) 0 30) 0

PRACTICE SHEET - 2
Straight objective questions (single answer type questions)
PROBLEMS ON PERIODIC FUNCTIONS:
1. If f(x) = sinx + cos ax is a periodic function then a cannot be
1
a)  b) 3 c) 2 d)
2

2. The possible values of 'a' for which the function f (x)  e x [ x]  cos ax(where[.] denotes the greatest
integer function) is periodic with finite fundamental period is
a) 2 b) 2 c) 3 d) 1

n
 x x 
3. Period of f ( x )    S in r 1  Tan r  is
r 1  2 2 
a) 2n  b) 2 c) 4 d) 2 n  2

100
4. If f(x)+f(x+4)=f(x+2)+f(x+6) x  R , and f(5)=10, then 
r=1
f(5+8r) equal to

a) 1000 b) 100 c) 10000 d) none of these

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5. Cosider y=f(x), a real valued function with domain as all real numbers. It is given that graph of the
function is symmetrical about the lines x = a and x = b, where a<b.
a) f is periodic b) f is non periodic c) f is one-one d) f is onto
PROBLEMS ON DOMAIN:
6. If domain of f is D1 and domain of g is D2, then domain of f + g is
a) D1 / D2 b) ( D 1  D 2 ) c) ( D 2  D1) d) D1  D2

5 sin x
7. Let f (x)  . If D is the domain of f, then D contains
1  3 sin x
a) (0, ) b) (  2  ,  ) c) (  , 3  ) d) (4, 6)
8. If domain for y=f(x) is [-3, 2], then domain of g(x)=f{|[x]|}.
a) (-2, 3) b) [-2, 3) c) [-2, 3] d) (-2, 3]
PROBLEMS ON RANGE:
9. Let f : R  R be a function defined as f(x) = 4x - 2x + 1. Then
3 
a) f(x) is one-one b) f(x) is bijective c) f(x) > 2 for all x d) range of f(x) is  , 
4 
2x  1
10. If S is the set of all real numbers x for which  0, and P is the subset of S, then P can be
2x  3x 2  x
3

 3 1 1  1 
a)   ,   b)  , 0  c)  ,3  d) (0, )
 2 4 2  2 

11. Let f(x) = ln|x| and g(x) = sinx. If A is the range of f(g(x)) and B is the range of g(f(x)), then
a) A  B  ( , 1) b) A  B  (  ,  ) c) A  B  [1, 0] d) A  B  [0, 1]
PROBLEMS ON ONE AND ONTO FUNCTIONS:
12. Which of the following functions is not injective?
a) f ( x ) | x  1|, x  [ 1, 0] b) f ( x )  x  1/ x, x  (0, )
c) f ( x)  x 2  4 x  5 d) f ( x)  e x , x  [0, )

13. Which of the following functions are not identical?

x 1 x2
a) f (x)  2
andg(x)  b) f (x)  and g(x)  x
x x x
c) f (x)  ln x 4 and g(x)  4ln x
d) f (x)  ln{(x  1)(x  2)} and g(x)  ln(x  2)  ln(x  3)

sin [ x ] 
14. If f : R  R defined as f(x) = , where  is the greatest integer less than or equal to x, then
x2  x  1
a) f is one–one b) f is many –one c) f is in to d) f is on to

15. The entire graphs of the equation y  x 2  kx  x  9 is strictly above the x-axis if and only if
a) k<7 b) -5<k<7 c) K>-5 d) none of these.

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MATHEMATICS Functions

MISLANEOUS PROBLEMS:
16. The value of the parameter  , for which the function f(x)=1+ x,   0 is the inverse of itself, is
a) -2 b) -1 c) 1 d) 2

LINKED COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS:

Passage - I :

We know that any real number x can be expressed as following x  [ ]  {x}, where [x] is an
integer and 0  {x}  1. We define [ ] as the greatest integer less than or equal to x or integral
part of x and [x] as the fractional part of x. Suppose for any real number x, we write x  ( x)  ( x ),
where (x) is integer and 0  ( x)  1. We define (x) as the least integer greater than (or) equal to
x. For example (3.26) = 4(-14, 4) = -14 (5) = 5 elearly, if x  I then (x) = [x]. If x  I , then
(x) = [ ]  1. We can also define that x  ( n, n  1)  ( x)  n  1, where n  I
1
17. The domain of defination of the function
f ( x)  is
x  ( x)
a) I b) R - I c) (0,  ) d) 

1
18. The range of the function
f ( x)  is
( x )  [ x]
 1 
a)  b) {1} c)  ,n N  d) (1,  )
 n 
2 2
19. The solution set of the equation  x   x   2 x contains
a) no integer b) exactly one integer
c) exactly two integers d) infinite integers

Passage - II :

Let f ( x )  l o g e x  x 2
1  , domain of f is where f(x) is defined for real values of x.
If f is bijective then f -1(x) exists

20. f is defined on
a) (0, ) b) (-  , ) c) [0, e] d) (-  , 0)

21. f -1(x) is defined on

a) (0, ) b) (-  , ) c) [0, e] d) (-  , 0)

22. The inverse of f is positive on

a) (0, ) b) (-  , ) c) [0, e] d) (-  , 0)

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MATHEMATICS Functions

MATRIX MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS:

23. Column - 1 gives functions and column 2 the nature of the functions
Column - I Column - II
x
A) f :[0, )  [0, ), f ( x)  p) one - one onto
1 x
1
B) f : R {0}  R, f ( x )  x  q) one - one but not onto
x
1
C) f : R  {0}  R, f ( x)  x  r) onto but not. one - one
x
D) f : R  R, f ( x )  2 x  sin x s) neither one - one nor onto
24. Let the range of the function f(x) be [a, b]. Column - I gives the function and Column - 2 gives the
values of b - a.
f (x ) b -a
x  x 1
2

A) p) 0
x( x  1)
1
B) q) 4/7
3  2 sin 2x
x 2  x 1
C) r) 4/5
x2  x  2
1
D) s) 3/4
[sin x] [cos x]
INTEGER TYPE QUESTIONS:
1 x 
25. If f ( x )  cos(ln x), then f ( x) f ( y )  f    f ( y)  
2  y   r
26. An odd function is symetric about the vertical line x=a(a>0) and if  f 1+4r    8 , then the
 
r=0
numerical value of 8f(1).
27. If f3 (x)-3f2 (x) + 3f(x) -1 = x6, then the value of f(0).
28. If f(x), g(x) are any two real valued functions such that |f(x)+g(x)|  |f(x)|+|g(x)| and g(x)  0,
2011
f(x) g(x)<0 then the value of 
r=1
f(r) .

29. If the period of f(x)= sin 3x is k then [k]=

30. Let f be a function satisfying 2f(x)-3f(1/x)=x2 for any x  0, and f(2) is k then -4k =

PRACTICE SHEET - 2 / ANSWERS

1) A 2) B 3) A 4) A 5) A 6) D 7) A 8) B 9) D 10) C
11) A,C 12) B,C 13) B,C,D 14) B,C 15) B 16) B 17) D 18) B 19) B
20) B 21) B 22) A 23) A - q,B - r,C - s,D - p. 24) A - s,B - r,C - q,D - p.
25) 0 26) 7 27) 1 28) 0 29) 3 30) 7

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