1GR-FE ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM – SFI SYSTEM ES–215

Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold

DTC P0420
(Bank 1)

Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold

DTC P0430
(Bank 2)
MONITOR DESCRIPTION
The ECM uses sensors mounted in front of and behind the Three-Way Catalytic Converter (TWC) to
monitor its efficiency.
The first sensor, the Air-Fuel Ratio (A/F) sensor, sends pre-catalyst information to the ECM. The second
sensor, the Heated Oxygen (HO2) sensor, sends post-catalyst information to the ECM.
In order to detect any deterioration in the TWC, the ECM calculates the Oxygen Storage Capacity (OSC) ES
of the TWC. This calculation is based on the voltage output of the HO2 sensor while performing active air-
fuel ratio control, rather than the conventional detecting method, which uses the locus ratio.
The OSC value is an indication of the oxygen storage capacity of the TWC. When the vehicle is being
driven with a warm engine, active air-fuel ratio control is performed for approximately 15 to 20 seconds.
When it is performed, the ECM deliberately sets the air-fuel ratio to lean or rich levels. If a rich-lean cycle
of the HO2 sensor is long, the OSC becomes greater. There is a direct correlation between the OSCs of
the HO2 sensor and the TWC.
The ECM uses the OSC value to determine the state of the TWC. If any deterioration has occurred, it
illuminates the MIL and sets a DTC.
DTC No. DTC Detection Conditions Trouble Areas
• Gas leakage from exhaust system
OSC value smaller than standard value under active air-fuel • A/F sensor (bank 1 sensor 1)
P0420
ratio control (2 trip detection logic) • HO2 sensor (bank 1 sensor 2)
• Exhaust manifold (TWC)
• Gas leakage from exhaust system
OSC value smaller than standard value under active air-fuel • A/F sensor (bank 2 sensor 1)
P0430
ratio control (2 trip detection logic) • HO2 sensor (bank 2 sensor 2)
• Exhaust manifold (TWC)

HINT:
• Bank 1 refers to the bank that includes cylinder No. 1.
• Bank 2 refers to the bank that does not include cylinder No. 1.
• Sensor 1 refers to the sensor closest to the engine assembly.
• Sensor 2 refers to the sensor farthest away from the engine assembly.

MONITOR STRATEGY
P0420: Catalyst Deterioration
Related DTCs
P0430: Catalyst Deterioration
Required Sensors/Components (Main) A/F sensor and heated oxygen sensor
Intake air temperature sensor, mass air flow meter, crankshaft position sensor and
Required Sensors/Components (Related)
engine coolant temperature sensor
Frequency of Operation Once per driving cycle
Duration About 30 seconds
MIL Operation 2 driving cycles
Sequence of Operation None
 ES–216 1GR-FE ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM – SFI SYSTEM

TYPICAL ENABLING CONDITIONS

P0011 (VVT System 1 - Advance)
P0012 (VVT System 1 - Retard)
P0021 (VVT System 2 - Advance)
P0022 (VVT System 2 - Retard)
P0031, P0032, P0051, P0052 (A/F sensor heater - Sensor 1)
P0037, P0038, P0057, P0058 (HO2 sensor Heater - Sensor 2)
P0100 - P0103 (MAF meter)
P0115 - P0118 (ECT sensor)
P0120 - P0223, P2135 (TP sensor)
Monitor runs whenever following DTCs not present P0125 (Insufficient ECT for closed loop)
P0136, P0156 (HO2 Sensor - Sensor 2)
P0171, P0172, P0174, P0175 (Fuel system)
P0300 - P0306 (Misfire)
P0335 (CKP sensor)
P0340 (CMP sensor)
ES P0351 - P0356 (Ignitor)
P0500 (VSS)
P2196, P2198 (A/F sensor - rationality)
P2A00, P2A03 (A/F sensor - slow response)
Battery voltage 11 V or more
IAT -10°C (14°F) or more
Engine coolant temperature sensor 75°C (167°F) or more
Atmospheric pressure coefficient 76 kPa (570 mmHg) or more
Idling OFF
Engine RPM Less than 3,200 rpm
A/F sensor status Activated
Fuel system status Closed loop
Engine load 10 to 70 %
All of the following conditions are met Condition 1, 2 and 3
1. Mass air flow rate 5 to 70 g/sec
2. Front catalyst temperature (estimated) 650 to 840°C (1,202 to 1,544°F)
3. Rear catalyst temperature (estimated) 100 to 900°C (212 to 1,652°F)
Rear HO2 sensor monitor Completed
Shift position 4th or higher

TYPICAL MALFUNCTION THRESHOLDS

Oxygen Storage Capacity (OSC) of Three-Way Catalytic Converter (TWC) Less than 0.04 g

MONITOR RESULT
Refer to CHECKING MONITOR STATUS (See page ES-20).

CONFIRMATION DRIVING PATTERN

HINT:
Performing this confirmation pattern will activate the catalyst monitor. This is very useful for verifying the
completion of a repair.
 1GR-FE ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM – SFI SYSTEM ES–217

NOTICE:
This test will not be completed
Vehicle Speed if the vehicle is driven at
absolutely constant speed
Between (h) such as with cruise control
40 mph and 70 mph activated.
(64 km/h and 113 km/h)

(g)
Idling ES
Ignition Switch OFF
Warm up Time
10 minutes

(Note: Even if vehicle stops during driving pattern, test can be resumed)

A115372E13

A076855E02

(a) Connect the intelligent tester to the DLC3.

(b) Turn the ignition switch ON.
(c) Turn the tester ON.
(d) Clear DTCs (where set) (See page ES-38).
(e) Select the following menu items: DIAGNOSIS / CARB OBD II / READINESS TESTS.
(f) Check that CAT EVAL is INCMPL (incomplete).
(g) Start the engine and warm it up.
(h) Drive the vehicle at between 40 mph and 70 mph (64 km/h and 113 km/h) for at least 10 minutes.
(i) Note the state of the Readiness Tests items. Those items will change to COMPL (complete) as CAT
EVAL monitor operates.
(j) On the tester, select the following menu items: DIAGNOSIS / ENHANCED OBD II / DTC INFO /
PENDING CODES and check if any DTCs (any pending DTCs) are set.
HINT:
If CAT EVAL does not change to COMPL, and any pending DTCs fail to set, extend the driving time.

CONDITIONING FOR SENSOR TESTING

HINT:
Perform the operation with the engine speeds and time durations described below prior to checking the
waveforms of the A/F and HO2 sensors. This is in order to activate the sensors sufficiently to obtain the
appropriate inspection results.
 ES–218 1GR-FE ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM – SFI SYSTEM

Engine Speed

(c) (d)
3,000 rpm

(d)
2,000 rpm

ES (b)
Idling
(a)
Ignition Switch OFF Time

Warming up At least 3 minutes

2 seconds
Check
A118003E01

(a) Connect an intelligent tester to the DLC3.

(b) Start the engine and warm it up with all the accessories switched OFF, until the engine coolant
temperature stabilizes.
(c) Run the engine at an engine speed of between 2,500 rpm and 3,000 rpm for at least 3 minutes.
(d) While running the engine at 3,000 rpm for 2 seconds and 2,000 rpm for 2 seconds, check the
waveforms of the A/F and HO2 sensors using the tester.
HINT:
• If either of the voltage outputs of the Air-Fuel Ratio (A/F) or Heated Oxygen (HO2) sensor does not
fluctuate, or either of the sensors makes a noise, the sensor may be malfunctioning.
• If the voltage outputs of both the sensors remain lean or rich, the air-fuel ratio may be extremely lean or
rich. In such cases, perform the following A/F CONTROL using an intelligent tester.
• If the Three-Way Catalytic Converter (TWC) has deteriorated, the HO2 sensor (located behind the
TWC) voltage output fluctuates up and down frequently, even under normal driving conditions (active
air-fuel ratio control is not performed).
 1GR-FE ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM – SFI SYSTEM ES–219

Voltage output when active air-fuel ratio control not performed

Normal Catalyst Deteriorated Catalyst

Waveform of
A/F Sensor in 3.5 V
front of TWC
3.0 V

Waveform of 1.0 V
HO2 Sensor
behind TWC
ES
0V

10 seconds 10 seconds

A121610E01

INSPECTION PROCEDURE
HINT:
Intelligent tester only:
Malfunctioning areas can be identified by performing the A/F CONTROL function provided in the ACTIVE
TEST. The A/F CONTROL function can help to determine whether the Air-Fuel Ratio (A/F) sensor, Heated
Oxygen (HO2) sensor and other potential trouble areas are malfunctioning.
The following instructions describe how to conduct the A/F CONTROL operation using an intelligent
tester.
(1) Connect an intelligent tester to the DLC3.
(2) Start the engine and turn the tester ON.
(3) Warm up the engine at an engine speed of 2,500 rpm for approximately 90 seconds.
(4) Select the following menu items: DIAGNOSIS / ENHANCED OBD II / ACTIVE TEST / A/F CONTROL.
(5) Perform the A/F CONTROL operation with the engine in an idling condition (press the RIGHT or LEFT
button to change the fuel injection volume).
(6) Monitor the voltage outputs of the A/F and HO2 sensors (AFS B1S1 and O2S B1S2 or AFS B2S1 and
O2S B2S2) displayed on the tester.
HINT:
• The A/F CONTROL operation lowers the fuel injection volume by 12.5 % or increases the injection
volume by 25 %.
• Each sensor reacts in accordance with increases and decreases in the fuel injection volume.
Standard
Tester Display
Injection Volumes Status Voltages
(Sensor)
AFS B1S1 or AFS B2S1
+25 % Rich Less than 3.0
(A/F)
AFS B1S1 or AFS B2S1
-12.5 % Lean More than 3.35
(A/F)
O2S B1S2 or O2S B2S2
+25 % Rich More than 0.55
(HO2)
O2S B1S2 or O2S B2S2
-12.5 % Lean Less than 0.4
(HO2)
 ES–220 1GR-FE ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM – SFI SYSTEM

NOTICE:
The Air-Fuel Ratio (A/F) sensor has an output delay of a few seconds and the Heated Oxygen
(HO2) sensor has a maximum output delay of approximately 20 seconds.
A/F Sensor (Sensor 1) HO2 Sensor (Sensor 2) Main Suspected
Case
Output Voltage Output Voltage Trouble Areas

Injection volume Injection volume

+25 % +25 %
-12.5 % -12.5 %
1 -
Output voltage Output voltage
More than 3.35 V More than 0.55 V
Less than 3.0 V Less than 0.4 V

Injection volume Injection volume

ES +25 %
-12.5 %
+25 %
-12.5 % • A/F sensor
2 • A/F sensor heater
Output voltage Output voltage • A/F sensor circuit
Almost More than 0.55 V
no reaction Less than 0.4 V

Injection volume Injection volume

+25 % +25 %
-12.5 % -12.5 % • HO2 sensor
3 • HO2 sensor heater
Output voltage Output voltage • HO2 sensor circuit
More than 3.35 V Almost
Less than 3.0 V no reaction

Injection volume Injection volume

+25 % +25 % • Injector
-12.5 % -12.5 % • Fuel pressure
• Gas leakage from
4
exhaust system
Output voltage Output voltage (Air-fuel ratio extremely
Almost Almost lean or rich)
no reaction no reaction

• Following the A/F CONTROL procedure enables technicians to check and graph the voltage outputs of
both the A/F and HO2 sensors.
• To display the graph, select the following menu items on the tester: DIAGNOSIS / ENHANCED OBD II
/ ACTIVE TEST / A/F CONTROL / USER DATA / AFS B1S1 and O2S B1S2 or AFS B2S1 and O2S
B2S2, and press the YES button and then the ENTER button followed by the F4 button.
HINT:
Read freeze frame data using an intelligent tester. Freeze frame data record the engine condition when
malfunctions are detected. When troubleshooting, freeze frame data can help determine if the vehicle was
moving or stationary, if the engine was warmed up or not, if the air-fuel ratio was lean or rich, and other
data, from the time the malfunction occurred.

1 CHECK ANY OTHER DTCS OUTPUT (IN ADDITION TO DTC P0420 AND/OR P0430)

(a) Connect an intelligent tester to the DLC3.

(b) Turn the ignition switch ON and turn the tester ON.
(c) Select the following menu items: DIAGNOSIS /
ENHANCED OBD II / DTC INFO / CURRENT CODES.
(d) Read DTCs.
Result
Display (DTC Output) Proceed To
P0420 and/or P0430 A
P0420 and/or P0430 and other DTCs B
 1GR-FE ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM – SFI SYSTEM ES–221

HINT:
If any DTCs other than P0420 or P0430 are output,
troubleshoot those DTCs first.
B GO TO DTC CHART (See page ES-57)

2 PERFORM ACTIVE TEST USING INTELLIGENT TESTER (A/F CONTROL)

(a) Connect an intelligent tester to the DLC3.

(b) Start the engine and turn the tester ON.
(c) Warm up the engine at an engine speed of 2,500 rpm for
approximately 90 seconds. ES
(d) Select the following menu items: DIAGNOSIS /
ENHANCED OBD II / ACTIVE TEST / A/F CONTROL.
(e) Perform the A/F CONTROL operation with the engine in
an idling condition (press the RIGHT or LEFT button to
change the fuel injection volume).
(f) Monitor the voltage outputs of the A/F and HO2 sensors
(AFS B1S1 and O2S B1S2 or AFS B2S1 and O2S
B2S2) displayed on the tester.
HINT:
• The A/F CONTROL operation lowers the fuel injection
volume by 12.5 % or increases the injection volume
by 25 %.
• Each sensor reacts in accordance with increases and
decreases in the fuel injection volume.
Standard
Tester Display
Injection Volumes Status Voltages
(Sensor)
AFS B1S1 or AFS B2S1
+25 % Rich Less than 3.0
(A/F)
AFS B1S1 or AFS B2S1
-12.5 % Lean More than 3.35
(A/F)
O2S B1S2 or O2S B2S2
+25 % Rich More than 0.55
(HO2)
O2S B1S2 or O2S B2S2
-12.5 % Lean Less than 0.4
(HO2)

Result
Status Status
AFS B1S1 O2S B1S2 A/F Condition and A/F and Proceed
Misfires Main Suspected Trouble Areas
or or HO2 Sensors Conditions To
AFS B2S1 O2S B2S2
• Three-Way Catalytic Converter (TWC)
Lean/Rich Lean/Rich Normal - A
• Gas leakage from exhaust system
Lean Lean/Rich A/F sensor malfunction - • A/F sensor
B
Rich Lean/Rich A/F sensor malfunction - • A/F sensor
• HO2 sensor
Lean/Rich Lean HO2 sensor malfunction -
• Gas leakage from exhaust system
C
• HO2 sensor
Lean/Rich Rich HO2 sensor malfunction -
• Gas leakage from exhaust system
 ES–222 1GR-FE ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM – SFI SYSTEM

Status Status
AFS B1S1 O2S B1S2 A/F Condition and A/F and Proceed
Misfires Main Suspected Trouble Areas
or or HO2 Sensors Conditions To
AFS B2S1 O2S B2S2
• Extremely rich or lean actual air-fuel
Lean Lean Actual air-fuel ratio lean May occur ratio
• Gas leakage from exhaust system
A
• Extremely rich or lean actual air-fuel
Rich Rich Actual air-fuel ratio rich - ratio
• Gas leakage from exhaust system

Lean: During A/F CONTROL, the A/F sensor output

voltage (AFS) is consistently more than 3.35 V, and
the HO2 sensor output voltage (O2S) is consistently
less than 0.4 V.
ES Rich: During A/F CONTROL, the AFS is consistently
less than 3.0 V, and the O2S is consistently more than
0.55 V.
Lean/Rich: During A/F CONTROL of the ACTIVE
TEST, the output voltage of the HO2 sensor
alternates correctly.
B CHECK AND REPLACE AIR FUEL RATIO
SENSOR

C CHECK AND REPLACE HEATED OXYGEN

SENSOR, AND CHECK AND REPAIR
EXHAUST GAS LEAKAGE

3 CHECK FOR EXHAUST GAS LEAKAGE

OK:
No gas leakage.
NG REPAIR OR REPLACE EXHAUST GAS
LEAKAGE POINT

OK

REPLACE THREE-WAY CATALYTIC CONVERTER