Previous Years University Exam Questions (Unit I)

Long Answer Type

Q1. Find the current flowing through 6 ohm resistor with the help of
superposition theorem. .[2002-03] [Ans: 1.2 Amp]

Q2. Determine current through 8ohm resistance in the network

shown in figure using superposition theorem.
[2003-04] [ Ans: 1.6 Amp]]

Q3. Using superposition theorem, find current through all the

resistances of the following network.
[2005-06] [ Ans: 1Amp]

Q4. State and explain superposition theorem. .[2009-10]

Q5. Using superposition theorem find the current in 20 ohm

resistor of the circuit shown in figure. . [2009-10]
[ Ans: 2.27 Amp]

Q6. For the circuit shown in figure find the Thevenin’s

equivalent across 16 ohm resistance and hence find
current through it. [2002-03][Ans: 1.1029 Amp]

Q7. Find Thevenin’s equivalent of the circuit across A-B

shown in figure. [2003-04][ VTh = 45 V , RTh =12 .5 Ω]

Q8. Find Thevenin’s equivalent of the circuit across A-B

shown in figure. [2005-06][Ans VTh = 6V , RTh = 9Ω]

Q9. Replace the network of figure shown below to

the left of terminals a-b by its Thevenin’s
equivalent circuit. Hence determine ‘I’.
[2008-09] [Ans: -1.68 Amp]

Q10.Determine current in 4 ohm resistance using Thevenin’s theorem in the following

figure. [2009-10][Ans: 3 Amp]

Javed Ahmed, Abhishek Mishra 1

Axis Colleges, Kanpur
Q11. Use Thevenin’s theorem to replace the
three loop circuit of the following figure by
a single loop equivalent circuit in which the
identity of RL is preserved. [2008-09] [
VTh =10 V , RTh = 44 Ω]

Q12. State and explain Norton’s theorem.

[2009-10].

Q13.Apply Norton’s theorem to find the

Norton’s equivalent circuit as seen by RL in
the circuit shown in figure.
[2008-09] [ I N = 3.33 Amp , RN =15 Ω]

Q14. Explain maximum power transfer theorem.

Using this find the value of load resistance RL
for maximum power flow through it in figure
shown. [2005-06, 2006-07] [ RL = 2.42 Ω]

Q15. In the network shown in figure, find:

a. The value of RL for maximum power
dissipation.
b. The value of maximum power.
[2007-08] [ RL = 25 Ω, PMax =1.8062 Watt ]

Q16. State and prove Maximum Power Transfer theorem. [2008-09]

Q17. Using mesh equation method find the current in

resistance R1 of network given below.
[2004-05] [ I = 0.5 Amp ]

Q18. Find the current through branch a-b using

mesh analysis. [2002-03][ I =1.7283 Amp ]

Q19. . Using mesh equation method find the

current Ix in the following circuit.
[2005-06] [ I = 0.0909 ]

Javed Ahmed, Abhishek Mishra 2

Axis Colleges, Kanpur
Q20. Find voltage V1 across 6 ohm resistance in the following circuit using loop analysis
method. [2009-10] [I = - 1.68 Amp]

Q21. Use nodal analysis to find the currents in

various resistors of the circuit shown in figure.
[2005-06] [FIG page 25, Q07]

Q22. Use nodal analysis to find the currents in each

branch of the network. Also find total power
loss in the network. [2004-05]
[FIG page 26, Q08]

Q23. For the circuit shown in figure, find voltages

of nodes B and C and determine current in 8
ohm resistance.
[2004-05][Ans: I = 0.8767 V ]

Q24. Find current in 4 ohm resistor for a circuit

shown in figure find the value of R.
[2007-08] [Ans: 2 Amp]

Q25. Solve for I1 and I2 of the network of

the following figure by nodal analysis.
[2008-09]
I1 = 0.371 Amp , I 2 = −1.867 Amp ]

Q26. Determine currents for Ix and Iy in the

following network. State the theorem
(method) used. [2008-09] [
I x = −3.878 A, I y = 0.51 A ]

Q27. Find the current in and and voltage

across the 2 ohm resistance in the
following figure.
[2008-09] [Ans: V= 10 V, I= 5 A]

Javed Ahmed, Abhishek Mishra 3

Axis Colleges, Kanpur
Q28. Find the resistance between AB of the circuit shown in figure. Use star-delta
transformation. [2005-06] [Ans: RAB = 6.276 Ω]

Q29. Using star-delta theorem find the resistance between

‘P’ and ‘Q’. [2006-07] [Ans: RPQ =31 .42 Ω]

Q30. Using star-delta transformation find the resistance

between the points ‘A’ and ‘B’ in the circuit given in
7R
figure.[2002-03] [Ans: RAB = ]
12

Q31. Explain Star-Delta Transformation. [2009-10]

Q32. In the given circuit, find the resistance between the point B
and C. [2009-10] [ RBC =1.3 Ω]

Q33. Using source transformation, reduce the network between A

& B into an equivalent voltage source. [2006-07] [
V =3.75 V , R =1.75 Ω]
Q34. Discuss different types of voltage and current sources.
[2009-10]

Q35. Discuss the characteristics of the following elements:

a. Capacitor b. Inductor [2008-09]

Q36. What do you understand by unilateral and bilateral elements? Give examples.
[2008-09]

Objective Type
Q 1:- For the circuit shown in following figure, the value
or R such that the same amount of power is supplied to
the 10 Ω resistance by the current and by the voltage
source will be…………………
[2008-09]

Q 2:- In the circuit of the following figure, find the value of R [2008-09]
[Fig. Draw]
Javed Ahmed, Abhishek Mishra 4
Axis Colleges, Kanpur
Q 3:- The value of the voltage of an independent voltage source is ------------- (dependent
or not dependent) on either the magnitude of direction of the current flowing through the
source.

Q 4:- The maximum power that can be supplied to the

load in the following circuit is

(i) 10 W (ii) 20 W (iii) 0.75 (iv) 1

[2009-10]

Q 5:- An ideal voltage source should have

(i) Large value of emf (ii) Small value of emf (iii) Zero source resistance
(iv) Infinite source resistance [2009-10]

Previous Years University

Exam Questions
[Unit II Single Phase AC Circuits]

Long Answer Type

Javed Ahmed, Abhishek Mishra 5
Axis Colleges, Kanpur
Q1. The equation of alternating current is i = 42 .42 Sin 628 t . Determine:
(i) Its maximum value (ii) Frequency (iii) RMS Value(iv) Average value (v) Form Factor
[2005-06]
Q2. Draw a phasor diagram showing the following voltages:
v1 = 100 Sin 500 t , v 2 (
= 200Sin 500t + π
3
) , v3 =− 50 cos 500 t ,

(
v 4 = 150Sin 500t − π
4
) .
Find RMS vale and phase angle of resultant voltage and also write an expression for its
instantaneous value.[2006-07]
Q3. An alternating voltage is given by v =141 .4 Sin 314 t Find:
(i) Frequency (ii) RMS value (iii)Average value (iv) The instantaneous value of
voltage when time is 3 msec. (v) The time taken for the voltage to reach 100V for the first time
[2006-07]
Q4. A load having impedance of (1+j1) ohm is connected to an ac voltage represented as
V = 20 2 Cos (ωt +10 0 ) Volt.
Q5. A resistance and an inductance are connected in series across a voltage v = 283 Sin 314 t .
 π
The current expression is found to be 4 Sin 314 t −  . Find the values of resistance, inductance
 4
and power factor. [2002-2003]

Q6. A 120 V, 60 W lamp is to be operated on 220 V, 50 Hz supply mains. In order that lamp
should operate on correct voltage, calculate value of (i) Non inductive resistance
(ii) Pure inductance (iii) capacitor [2006-07]

Q7. A non inductive resistance of 10 Ωis connected in series with an inductive coil across 200
V, 50 Hz AC supply. The current drawn by the series combination is 10 A. The resistance of the
coil is 2 Ω. Determine:
(i) Inductance of coil (ii) Power factor (iii) Voltage across coil

Q8. For LCR series circuit drive an expression for resonant frequency, band width and quality
factor, prove ω0 = ω1ω2 [2004-05, 2006-07, 2007-08]

Q9. For LCR series circuit, calculate the following:

(i) Current flowing through the circuit
(ii) Power factor of the circuit and its nature
(iii) Power consumed by the circuit
(iv) Draw the phasor diagram

Q10. Discuss why:

(i) At resonance the current is maximum in a series circuit and is minimum in parallel
circuit.
(ii) In a series RLC circuit, the voltage across L and C at resonance may exceed even the
supply voltage.
(iii) The shape of resonance curve depends on Q of the coil [2005-06]

Q11. A series R-L-C circuit has R =10 Ω, L = 0.1 H & C = 8 µF . Determine:

(i) Resonant frequency
(ii) Q-factor of the coil at resonance
(iii) The half power frequencies [2005-06]

Q 12. A coil of resistance 40 Ω and inductance 0.75 H are in series circuit. The resonant frequency
is 55 Hz. Its supply is 250 V, 50 Hz. Find:
(i) Line current (ii) Power factor (iii) Power consumed [2006-07]
Javed Ahmed, Abhishek Mishra 6
Axis Colleges, Kanpur
Q 13. A 10 mH coil is connected in series with a loss free capacitor to a variable frequency source
of 20 V. The current in the circuit has maximum value of 0.2 A at a frequency of 100 Khz.
Calculate:
(i) The value of capacitance (ii) The Q factor of coil (iii) The half power frequencies
[2006-07]

Q 14. Voltages across resistance, inductance and capacitance connected in series are 3 V, 4 V and 5
V respectively. If supply voltage has 50 Hz frequency what is the magnitude of supply voltage.
Find the resonant frequency of this RLC circuit. [2004-05]

Q 15. For applied voltage and power loss in a circuit shown in figure. The value of C is
20 μF, current I = 0.345 A . [2007-08]

Q 16. A series RLC circuit has 100 Ω resistor, 0.318 mH and C, v =230 2 Sin ωt Volt,
i =2.3 2 Sin ωt Ampere. Find:

(i) C (ii) VL (iii) Power; take ω = 314.15 r [2007-08]

sec

Q 17. Two impedance Z1 = (10 + j 5) Ω and Z 2 = ( 8 + j 6 ) Ω are connected in parallel across a

voltage of V = 200 + j 0 . Calculate the circuit current, power factor and reactive power. [2004-05]

Q 18. The following circuit which is shown in figure shows a series parallel circuit, Find:
(i) Admittance of each parallel branch (ii) Total circuit impedance (iii) Supply current and power
factor (iv) Total power supplied by the source.[2005-06]

Q19. For the circuit shown in figure. Determine: (i) resonant frequency (ii) Total impedance of the
circuit at resonance. (iii) Bandwidth (iv) Quality factor.[2005-06]

Q20. Two impedance Z1 = (150 − j157 ) Ω and Z 2 = (100 − j110 ) Ω are connected in
parallel at 200V, 50Hz supply, find: (i) I1 and I2 (ii) Total current (iii) Total power (iv) power factor
and draw phasor diagram.[2007-2008].

Q21. The voltage and current of an R-L-C series circuit are:

( ) (
v = 14104 Sin 314 t + 45 0 V and i = 28 .28 Sin 314 t −15 0 A . )
Find: (i) r.m.s. value of voltage and current (ii) Power factor (iii) Power consumption (iv) Time
period (v) Resistance.[2007-08]

Q22. In a circuit shown in figure u =100 Sin 3t ` is applied. Find:

(i) Currents I1 and I2 (ii) Total current I (iii) Phase angle of current I. [2007-08]
Javed Ahmed, Abhishek Mishra 7
Axis Colleges, Kanpur
Q23. An alternating voltage is v =100 Sin 100 t ` ; Find: (i) Amplitude (ii) Frequency (iii) RMS
Value (iv) Average value (v) Form Factor (vi) Crest factor (vii) Time period (viii) Angular
velocity. [2005-06]

Q24. Determine the following in the circuit shown in figure (i) The current phasors (ii) Active
power dissipated in the three resistive branches, (iii) Power factor of the circuit.[2008-09]

Q25. A coil having a resistance of 6 ohm and an inductance of .0255 H is connected across a 250V,
50Hz ac supply, calculate: (i) Current (ii) p.f. (iii) Active power (iv) Reactive power (v) Apparent
power (vi) It is desired to improve power factor to 0.8. What value of capacitance to be connected
in series and what is reduction in reactive power? [2009-10]

Q26. Explain Parallel resonance and draw graphs of α, β and λagainst frequency.[2009-10]

Q27. Show that the condition for resonance in a parallel R-L-C circuit is same as that in a series
R-L-C circuit. State the application of series as well as parallel resonance?[2009-10]

Q28. What is meant by power factor? What is its significance? How will you obtain power factor
from KVA triangle? [2009-10]

Q29. For two phasors A = a1 + jb1 and B = a2 − jb2 obtain their multiplication and division
using polar from of representation. [2009-10]

Q30. A voltage source of v =141 Sin 377 t is applied to two parallel branches. The time
expression for the current in the first branch is i1 (t ) (
= 7.07 Sin ω t − π
3
) . In the second branch

(
it is i2 (t ) = 10 Sin ω t+π
6
) . Compute the total power supplied by the source. [2008-09]

Q31. What are active and reactive powers? Why is the term reactive power not encountered when
dc source are used in an electric circuit? [2008-09]

( )
Q32. Given v = 200 Sin 377 t and i = 8 Sin 377 t − 30 0 for an ac circuit. Determine: (a) The
Reactive power (ii) The power factor (iii) True power (d) Apparent power.[2008-09]

Q33. A 46mH inductive coil has a resistance of 10 ohm (a) How much current will be drawn by the
coil if connected across a 100V, 60Hz source (b) Determine the value of the capacitance that must
be connected across the coil to make the power factor of the overall circuit unity?[2008-09]

Q34. How is the phasor of a sinusoidal quantity defined? Mention specifically the information that
is conveyed by the phasor about the corresponding sinusoidal function.[2008-09]

Javed Ahmed, Abhishek Mishra 8

Axis Colleges, Kanpur
Q35. Three voltages represented by the following equations
( )
e1 = 15 Sinω t , e2 = 5 Sin ω t + π , e3 = 10 Cosω t together in an ac circuit, represent
6
these voltages by phasor and calculate an expression for the resultant voltage check the result so
obtained graphically.[2009-10]

Q36. . Two impedance Z 1 = (10 + j15 ) Ω and Z 2 = ( 6 − j8) Ω are connected in parallel. The
total power supplied is 15 A. What is the power taken by each impedance?[2009-10]

Q37. Define Bandwidth and quality factor. Derive expression for quality factor for series and
parallel resonant circuits.[2006-07]

Previous Years University Exam Questions

[Unit III (Part-A, Three-Phase AC Circuits)]
Long Answer Type
Q1. Derive the relationship between line and phase voltages and currents for a delta
connected 3-phase system. A balanced delta connected load of (8+j6) ohm per phase is
connected to 3-phase 230V supply. Find line current.{Ans: 39.83A} [2004-05]
Q2. What is a three phase system? Give its necessity and advantages. What is meaning of
phase sequence and how can it be changed? [2009-10]
Q3.Derive the relationship between line and phase voltages and currents for a delta and star
connected 3-phase circuits. [2008-09]
Q4. Show that the power intake by a three phase circuit can be measured by two wattmeter
connected properly in a circuit.[2009-10]
Q5. In power measurement by two wattmeter explain the significance of (i) equal
wattmeter readings (ii) zero reading on one wattmeter [2009-10]
Q6. How power is measured in a three phase system? Explain two wattmeter method to
determine power in 3-pahse system.[2008-09]
Q7. What is necessity and advantages a three phase system? Derive VL = 3 Vph for star
connected system. [2008-09]
Q8. A star connected 3-phase load of resistance of 8 ohm and an inductive reactance of 6
ohm in each phase. It is fed from a 400V, 3-phase balance supply. Determine line current,
power factor, active power and reactive power.{Ans: 23.09A, 0.8(lag), 12.8KW, 9.6KVAr}[
2005-06]
Q9. A 3- phase, star connected balanced load is supplied by 400V, 3-phase 50 Hz supply.
100
The load takes a leading current of A and a power of 20KW. Calculate; (i) P.F. of
3
load (ii) R and X per phase.{Ans: 0.5(lag), R=2 ohm, X= 3.46 ohm} [2003-04]
Q10. Three star connected identical coils are supplied by 200V, 3-phase supply. Each coil
takes 1000W. The power factor is 0.8 lagging. What is (i) the line current and (ii) the total
power supplied, if the coils are connected in delta?{Ans: 32.48A, 9000W} [2004-05]
Q11. A balanced star connected load is supplied from 415V, 3-phase, and 50Hz supply.
Current in each phase is 20 ∠30 0 A, the 300 angle being w.r.t. phase voltage. Find (i) VP
(ii) IL (iii) Total power supplied (iv) Load power factor, draw also phasor diagram.{Ans:
239.6V, 20A, 12.45KW, 0.866(lag)}
Q12.A balanced delta connected load of (8+j6) ohm per phase is connected to 3-phase
400V supply. Find line current, power factor, three phase power and three phase volt-
amperes. {Ans: 23.094A, 0.8(lag), 12800W, 16000VA} [2003-04]

Javed Ahmed, Abhishek Mishra 9

Axis Colleges, Kanpur
Q13.Three identical coils connected in delta across 400V, 3-phase, and 50Hz supply, take a
line current of 17.32A at a power factor of 0.8 lagging. Calculate; (i) The phase current (ii)
the resistance and inductance of each coil (iii) The power drawn by each coil.{Ans:10A,
R= 32 ohm, 76.3943 mH, 3200W} [2001-02]
Q14. Calculate the reading of each wattmeter in the circuit shown below. The load
impedance Zph = 40 ∠ − 30 0 ohm. {Ans: W1=1247.076W, W2= 2494.152W} [2005-06]

Q15. Three equal impedances, each consisting of R and L in series are connected in star
and are supplied from a 400V, 3-phase, and 50Hz 3-phae, 3-wire balanced supply. The
power input to the load is measured by 2-wattmeter method and the two wattmeters read
3KW and 1KW. Determine the values of R and L connected in each phase.{Ans:
RPh=19.7947 ohm, Lph= 63.008 mH}[2003-04]

Q16. For a certain load, one of the two wattmeter reads 20KW and the other 5KW after the
voltage circuit of this wattmeter has been reversed. Calculate the power and power factor
of the load.{Ans: 0.3273 (lag)} [2002-03]

Q17. A 3-phase balanced load connected across a 400V, 3-phase supply draws a line
current of 10A. Two wattmeters are used to measure input power. The ratio of two
wattmeter reading is 2:1. Find reading of two wattmeters.{ Ans: W1= 4000W, W2=
2000W}[2001-02]

Q18. Three identical resistors of 20 ohm each are connected in star to a 415V, 3-phase, and
50Hz supply. Calculate:
(i) The total power consumed. (ii) The total power consumed, if they are connected in
delta. (iii) The power consumed, if one of the resistor is opened. [2002-03]

Q19. In a 2 wattmeter method power measured was 30KW at 0.7 pf lagging. Find reading
of each wattmeter.{Ans: W1= 23.8352KW, W2=6.1648KW}

Previous Years University Exam Questions

[Unit III(Part-B, Measuring Instruments)]

Long Answer Type

Q1. Explain why moving iron type of instruments is suitable for both DC and AC. Also
differentiate between moving iron type and moving coil permanent magnet instruments.
[2009-10]

Javed Ahmed, Abhishek Mishra 10

Axis Colleges, Kanpur
Q2. Give the construction and working of dynamometer type wattmeter. [2009-10]

Q3. Explain construction and working principle of a single phase induction type energy
meter. How is energy measured? [2009-10]

Q4. Discuss the principle, construction and operation of PMMC type instruments.
[2008-09]
OR
Explain in brief the working principle of permanent magnet moving coil instruments. Why
is the scale linear? [2005-06]
OR
Explain Principle of operation and application of moving coil instruments. [2006-07]
OR
Explain the construction and working principle of PMMC type instruments. [2007-08]

Q5. Discuss the principle, construction and operation of MI instruments. [2008-09]

OR
Explain the principle of operation of one type of moving iron instruments, showing that it
is suitable for A.C. and D.C. measurements. [2004-05]
OR
Explain the working of a moving iron type instrument. Derive the expression for torques
developed. [2004-05]
OR
Explain the principle and construction of MI instruments. Why is its scale non-linear?
[2007-08]
Q6. A Moving coil milli-ameter having a resistance of 8 ohm gives full scale deflection
when a current of 5mA is passed through it. Explain how this instrument can be used for
measurement of: (i) Current up to 2A (ii) Voltage up to 8V. [2009-10]

Q7. The full scale deflection current of a meter is 1mA and its internal resistance is 100
ohm. If this meter is to have full scale deflection when 100V is measured, what value of
series resistor should be added? [2008-09]

Q8. A moving coil ammeter has a full scale deflection of 50μA and a coil resistance of 100
ohm. What will value of the shunt resistance be required for the instrument to be converted
to read a full scale reading of 1A? [2008-09]

Q9. A single phase energy meter has a constant of 1200 revolution/KWh, when a load of
200W is connected the disc rotates at 4.2 revolutions per minute. If the load is on for 10
hours how many units are recorded as an error? Also find percentage error. [2008-09]

Objective Type
Q1. Attraction and repulsion type moving iron instruments work on the principle of:
(i) Magnetic effect (ii) heating effect
(iii) Electrostatic effect (iv) electromagnetic effect
[Ans: - (i)]
Q2. Dynamometer type instruments work on the principle of:
(i) Magnetic effect (ii) heating effect
(iii) Electrostatic effect (iv) electromagnetic effect
[Ans: - (i)]
Q3. A.C. energy meter works on the principle of:
(i) Magnetic effect (ii) Thermal effect
Javed Ahmed, Abhishek Mishra 11
Axis Colleges, Kanpur
(iii) Electrostatic effect (iv) Induction effect
[Ans: - (iv)]
Q4. Dynamometer type instruments can used for:
(i) A.C. (ii) D.C.
(iii) A.C. & D.C. both (iv) none
[Ans: - (iii)]
Q5. Out of these instruments which is an integrating instrument:
(i) Voltmeter (ii) power factor meter
(iii) Energy meter (iv) Wattmeter
[Ans: - (iii)]
Q6. In spring control system the controlling torque is proportional to:
1 1
(i) θ (ii) θ2 (iii) (iv)
θ θ2
[ Ans: -(i)]

Fill in the blanks:

1. A moving coil instrument gives full scale deflection with 20mA. The resistance of
coil is 4 ohm. The value of series resistance needed for the instrument to read up to
30V is___________.[Ans: - 2.5 ohm]
2. The coils used in wattmeter are________and________.[Ans: - current and voltage
coil]
3. The scale of PMMC instruments is_________.[Ans: -linear]
4. ________torque causes the moving system of the instrument to move from its
position of rest.[ Ans: - Deflecting]
5. ________torque acts in the opposite direction to the deflection torque. .[ Ans:
-Controlling]

6. ________torque brings the moving system to rest quickly in its final position. .
[ Ans: - Damping]

7. Pointer of PMMC instrument oscillates when_____supply is given. [Ans: -A.C.]

Abhishek Mishra: 9415094048

Previous Years University Exam Questions
[Unit IV, Part-A (Introduction to power supply system]

Long Answer Type

Q1. Discuss the voltage structure of the electric power system. Give the concept of grid?
[2008-09]
OR

Javed Ahmed, Abhishek Mishra 12

Axis Colleges, Kanpur
Q2. Draw single line diagram of a power system between generating station and end user.
Mention the different voltage levels. [2008-09]
Q3. List out main components of power supply system with a brief description. Also write
the advantage of power factor improvement. [2009-10]

[Unit IV, Part-B (Magnetic Circuits)]

Long Answer Type

Q1. Describe the analogies that can be made between electric and magnetic circuits. [2008-
09]
Q2. State the following: [2009-10]
(i) Magnetic flux and its properties (ii) Flux density (iii) Fleming’s Right Hand Rule
(iv) Fleming’s Left Hand Rule (v) Lenz’s Law (vi) Leakage factor
Q3. Draw and explain hysteresis loop (B-H curve). What is its significance? [2009-10]
Q4. Explain Hysteresis and eddy current losses. *How they are minimized? [2008-09]
Q5. Define mutual inductance. Also derive expression of coupling coefficient.
Q6. Two coils having 100 and 50 turns respectively are wound on a core with
µ = 4000 µ0 , effective core length=60 cm and core area= 9cm2. Find the mutual
inductance between the coils.[2004-05]
Q7. A circular ring 20cm in diameter has an air gap 1mm wide cut in it. The area of cross
section of the ring is 3.6cm2. Calculate the value of direct current needed in a coil of 1000
turns uniformly wound around the ring to create a flux of .5 mwb in the air gap. Neglect
fringing; assume relative permeability for the ring as 650. [2006-07] { Ans:- 2.17 A }
Q8.An iron ring is made of three parts:
l1 = 10 cm , a1 = 5 cm 2 , l 2 = 8cm , a 2 = 3cm 2 , l 3 = 6cm , a3 = 2.5cm 2 . It is wound with a
coil of 250 turns. Calculate current required to produce flux of 0.4 mwb. Given
µ1 = 2670 , µ2 = 1050 , µ3 = 600 .{ Ans:- 0.892A}
Q9. The core of a magnetic circuit is of mean length 40cm and uniform cross-section area
4cm2. The relative permeability of the core material is 100. An air gap of 1mm is cut in the
core and 1000 turns are wound on the core. Determine inductance of the coil, fringing is
negligible. [2008-09] { Ans:- 0.3593H}

*Note: - How eddy current losses are reduced?

Answer: - ⇒ The eddy current losses will be high, if the core used for applications such as
transformer ( in transformer core is of solid iron). Hence the core is made from insulated,
thin, iron sheet called LAMINATIONS.
⇒ These laminations are insulated from each other by means of a thin layer of varnish or
oxide coating or paper.
⇒ Another way of reducing the eddy currents is by using materials of resistivity such as
silicon steel.

Previous Year University questions

(Unit-IV, Part-C, Single Phase Transformer)
Q1:- Explain 1 Φ transformer and give its applications?

Q2:- Derive e.m.f. equation of 1 Φ transformer and obtain relation for secondary to
primary winding voltages?

Q3:- Develop the equivalent circuit of a single phase transformer on no load and on load
conditions.
Javed Ahmed, Abhishek Mishra 13
Axis Colleges, Kanpur
Q4:- Show that maximum efficiency occurs in a 1 Φ transformer when constant losses is
equal to variable losses.

Q5:- Explain why the hysteresis and eddy current losses occur in the transformer? How
does change in frequency affect the operation of given transformer? How hysteresis and
eddy current losses are separated?

Q6:- A 100 KVA, 1100 V , 60 Hz transformer has a high voltage winding resistance
220
of 0.1 Ωand a leakage reactance of 0.3 Ω. The low voltage winding resistance is
0.004 Ω and the leakage reactance is 0.012 Ω. The source is applied to high voltage
side:
(i) Find the equivalent winding resistance and reactance referred to the high
voltage side and low voltage side.
(ii) Compute the equivalent resistance and equivalent reactance drops in volt and in
percent of the rated winding voltage expressed in terms of the primary
quantities.
(iii) Calculate equivalent leakage impedances of the transformer
[Ans:

(i ) Re 2 = 0.008 Ω, X e 2 = 0.024 Ω (ii )VRe 1 =18 .18 V (1.65 %), V Xe 1 = 54 .54 V ( 4.96 %)
(iii ) Z1e = 0.632 Ω, Z 2 e = 0.025 Ω

Q.7:- The total core loss (hystresis and eddy current) for a specimen of magnetic sheet
steel is found to be 1800W at 60Hz. If the flux density is kept constant and frequency of
the supply increased 50% the core loss is found to be 3000W. Compute the separate
hystersis and eddy current loss at both frequencies.[2008-09]
[Ans: At 60 Hz ,Wh =1404 W , We = 396 W , At 90 Hz Wh = 2106 W , We =891 W

Q8:- The ohmic values of the circuit parameters of a transformer having a turn ration of 5,
are R1= 0.5 ohm R2=0.021ohm, X1=3.2 ohm, X2=0.12ohm Rc=350 ohm referred to the
primary and Xm=98 ohm referred to primary. Draw the approximate equivalent circuit of
the transformer referred to secondary. Show the numerical values of the circuit parameters.
[2008-09]
[Ans: Re 2 = 0.041 Ω, X 2 e = 0.248 Ω, Rc/ =14 Ω, X m/ = 3.92 Ω ]
Q9:- The efficiency of 400KVA, 1-Phase transformer is 98.77% at full load 0.8pf and
99.13% at half load at unity pf. Find (i) Iron loss at full load and at half load (ii) Cu loss at
full and at half load.[2007-08]
[Ans:

Q10:- A 20 KVA, 2000/200V, 1-phase transformer, with primary resistance of 1.5 ohm
and reactance of 2 ohm. The secondary resistance and reactance of 0.015 ohm and 0.02
ohm respectively. The no load current of transformer is 1 A of 0.2 pf. Determine (i)
Equivalent resistance, reactance and impedance referred to primary.(ii) Supply current (iii)
Total Cu loss.[2009-10]

Q11:- A single phase transformer has a core whose cross sectional area is 150cm2, operates
at maximum flux density of 1.1wb/m2 from a 50Hz supply. If secondary winding has 66
turns. Determine the output in KVA, when connected to a load of 4ohm impedance.
Neglect any voltage drop in transformer. [2009-10]
Javed Ahmed, Abhishek Mishra 14
Axis Colleges, Kanpur
Q.12:- Explain why the hysterisis and eddy current losses occur in the transformer? How
does change in frequency affect the operation of given transformer?[2009-10]

Important Formulae: -
IN AT
⇒ Magnetic field intensity H =
m
l
⇒ MMF = I * N Ampere −Turns or AT
φ
⇒ Magnetic flux density B = Wb or Tesla
a m2
B
⇒ µ0 = = 4π *10 −7 H
m
H
⇒ B = µr µ0 H {For air & non-magnetic material µr = 1 }
l
⇒ Reluctance S =
µ0 µr a
MMF
⇒ Flux φ = Weber
S
1
⇒ Permeance ( Λ) =
S
Total Flux Pr oduced
⇒ Leakage factor λ = Useful Flux
1
⇒ Energy stored in the form of magnetic field = LI 2

2
N *φ
⇒ Inductance of a coil (L) =
I
φ12 N 2
⇒ Mutual Inductance( M ) =
i2
M
⇒ Coupling coefficients (K) =
L1 L2

Javed Ahmed, Abhishek Mishra 15

Axis Colleges, Kanpur