CIVIL TECHNOLOGY 1

ANTHONY D. LUMANLAN, MAED, LPT

 FOREWORD
The Civil Technology 1 is an instructional material in module form which
compliments the 3-unit course of the New Bachelor of Tecnology and Livelihood
Education Curriculum. This module is occupied with materials and information tha can
give students a ready reference and instructional materials from the National Civil Code
of the Philippines. It is designed to enable the students to learn by themselves and/or
guidance by their instructor and to discover the fundamentals as required by the
National Civil Code of the Philippines and to acquire knowledge, skills and attitudes in
electronics technology work. The basic concepts of the subjects were also provided as
precribed by CMO No-78, s.- 2017.

Module I covers the drafting materials and tools, its uses/functions, performing
basic mensuration and Calculation, Interpreting working plans and sketches and
maintaining tools and equipment.

Module II covers the history of carpentry, the tools and their classification,
request, receive and inspect drafting materials and tools/drawing, instruments and
maintain tools and equipment.

Module III covers all about woodworking, the materials and tools in woodworking,
the different types of wood joints, and assemble the different types of wood joints.

Module IV covers all about construction painting, tools and materials in

construction painting, different types of painting used in building construction, and
Application of painting

Module V covers Hazards and risk in workplace, tools maintenance and safety
rules, personal protective equipment and signs, signals and barricades.

The Author

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 PAMPANGA STATE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY

Vision

PSAU envisions to become a leading Premier university of Science, arts and technology
in Agro-ecological, environmental and industrial management Under a culture of unity
and teamwork for excellence.

Mission

The advancement and practice of agro-ecological, environmental and industrial science-

based theories and technologies through cutting-edge instruction, research, extension
and technology-business incubation for people and nature.

ii
Learning Contract:

iii
IMDC Certification

iv
 Pampanga State Agricultural University August 1, 2020

College of Education August 1, 2020

Bachelor of Technology and Livelihood First Semester, SY 2020-2021

Education

Vision Mission

PSAU envisions to become a leading Premier university of Mainstream the advancement and practice of agro-ecological,
Science, arts and technology in Agro-ecological, environmental environmental and industrial science-based theories and technologies
and industrial management Under a culture of unity and through cutting-edge instruction, research, extension and technology-
teamwork for excellence. business incubation for people and nature.

College Goal

To train committed educators devoted to their duty of helping individuals grow into creative, active and upright citizens of their own
community and country, and to promote relevant research and extension services.

Program Outcomes

a. Demonstrate the competencies required of the Philippine TVET Trainers-assessors Qualifications Framework (PTTQF).
b. Demonstrate broad and coherent, meaningful knowledge and skills in technology and livelihood education.
c. Apply with minimal supervision specialized knowledge and skills in technology and livelihood education.
d. Demonstrate higher level literacy, communication, numeracy, critical thinking, learning skills needed for higher learning.
e. Manifest a deep and principled understanding of the learning processes and the role of the teacher in facilitating these
processes in their students.
f. Show a deep and principled understanding of how educational processes relate to larger historical, social, cultural, and political
processes.
g. Apply a wide range of teaching process skills (including curriculum development, lesson planning, materials development,
educational assessment, and teaching approaches).
h. Reflect on the relationships among the teaching process skills, the learning processing in the students, the nature of the
content/subject matter, and the broader social forces encumbering the school and educational processes in order to constantly
improve their teaching knowledge, skills and practices.

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Class Information Instructor’s Information
Section BTLEd- IA -II Name Anthony D. Lumanlan
Schedule Monday & Wednesday Academic Rank Assistant Professor II
Time 7:00 – 11:00 a.m Office Hours 7:00-11:00 a.m & 1:00-5:00 pm
Venue BTLEd –Industrial Arts Shop Office 0915-9177-444
Telephone
Term First Semester Email Address lumanlananthony78@gmail.com

Course Information
Course Name Civil Technology 1 Course Code IA 13
Pre-requisite Course None Course Credit 3 units, 3 hrs./wk. (18 weeks, 54 hrs. total)
Course Requirements
1. Compilation of the different topics in metal works
2. Outputs/Products related to metal works

Grading System
Class Standing
Quizzes ………………………………………………………. 20%
Recitation ………………………………………………………. 15%
Term Exam ……………………………………………………….. 25%
Demonstration ……………………………………………………….. 15%
Project ……………………………………………………….. 15%
Attendance ……………………………………………………….. 10%

Course Description: Course Description: This course deals with the areas of civil technology related to BTIs Covered
drafting, carpentry, woodworking and construction painting. (1.1.1) It demonstrates content knowledge and its 1.1.1, 2,1,2, 3.1.1,
application on technology, evolution, utilization and significance with industry, its organization, materials, 4.5.1,and 5.1.2
occupations, processes, and products; and with problems and benefits resulting from the technological nature
of society. (2.1.2 ) As an introductory subject, it is designed to demonstrate knowledge of policies, guidelines
and procedures that provide safe and secure learning environments and (3.1.1) develop certain habits,
attitudes, and abilities desirable for all citizens of an industrial and technological civilization. (4.5.1) It shows
skills in the selection, development and use of a variety of teaching and learning resources, including ICT, to
address learning goals in the areas of automotive, civil, electronics, electrical. (5.1.2) It demonstrates

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knowledge of the design, selection, organization and use of diagnostic, formative and summative assessment
strategies consistent with curriculum requirements on the subject.

Course Learning Outcomes BTIs Covered

1. It demonstrates content knowledge and its application on electronics technology, evolution, utilization and 1.1.1,
significance with industry, its organization, materials, occupations, processes, and products; and with
problems and benefits resulting from the technological nature of society. 2,1,2,
2. It demonstrates knowledge of policies, guidelines and procedures that provide safe and secure learning
3.1.1,
environments and
3. It develops certain habits, attitudes, and abilities desirable for all citizens of an electronics technology. 4.5.1,
4. It shows skills in the selection, development and use of a variety of teaching and learning resources, and
including ICT, to address learning goals in the area of electronics technology. 5.1.2
5. It demonstrates knowledge of the design, selection, organization and use of diagnostic, formative and
summative assessment
strategies consistent with curriculum requirements on the subject.

Time Intended Learning BTIs/ CLOs Content Teaching-Learning Assessment BTIs/

Allotment Outcomes (ILOs) Activities CLOs
Demonstrate 1.1.1 Unit 0: Mission Goal Interactive Discussion Paper and pencil
knowledge of policies, It demonstrates and Objectives of on the Vision, test on the Vision,
Week 1 PSAU, COEd, and 1.1.1
guidelines and content Mission, Core Values, Mission, Core
procedures that provide knowledge and BTLEd and Outcomes, Values, and
safe and secure 1.
its application on College Education Outcomes, College
learning environments 2. a. The University Outcomes and BTLEd Education
electronics
technology, Vision, Mission, Core Learning Outcomes Outcomes and
evolution, Values and Outcomes BTLEd Learning
Film-clips showing on
utilization and 3. b. The College of Outcomes
Education Outcomes the Vision, Mission,
significance with
c. The BTLEd Core Values, and
industry, its
Outcomes, College
organization, Learning Outcomes
Education Outcomes
materials,
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 occupations, and BTLEd Learning
processes, and Outcomes
products; and
with problems
and benefits
resulting from
the technological
nature of
society.

Demonstrate 1.1.1 Unit 1: Basic Interactive Discussion Paper and pencil

knowledge of It demonstrates Drafting on the Concept of test on the concept
Week 2-3 policies, guidelines 1.1.1
content Industrial Arts of Industrial Arts
and procedures of knowledge and  Drafting materials 2.1.2
the concept Film-clips showing on
its application on and tools, its
Electronics the Concept of
electronics
Technology that uses/functions Industrial Arts.
technology,
provide safe and
secure learning evolution,  Perform basic
environments. utilization and
mensuration and
significance with
industry, its Calculation
organization,  Interpret working
materials,
occupations, plans and sketches
processes, and  Maintain tools and
products; and
with problems equipment
and benefits
resulting from
the technological
nature of
society.

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 Demonstrate 5.1.1 UNIT 2: Basic
knowledge of policies, It demonstrates Carpentry Group presentation on
Week 4-5 guidelines and knowledge of the evolution, Graded 5.1.1
procedures that provide the design,  The history of utilization and Presentation:
3.1.1
safe and secure selection, significance with
carpentry Criteria:
learning environments organization and industry. Its
on the evolution, use of  The tools and their organization, Demonstrated
utilization and diagnostic, materials, knowledge- 50%
significance with formative and classification occupations,
industry. Its summative  Request, receive processes and Presentation - 30%
organization, materials, assessment products, and
occupations, processes strategies and inspect problems met and Visual appeal - 20%
and products, and consistent with drafting materials benefits resulting from
problems met and curriculum the technological of
benefits resulting from requirements on and tools/drawing society.
the technological of the subject. instruments
society.
 Maintain tools and
equipment

Show skills in the 5.1.1 UNIT 3: Demonstration on the Criteria:

selection, development It demonstrates Woodworking meaning of automotive
Week 6-7 and use of a variety of knowledge of and its organization; Demonstrated 5.1.1
teaching and learning the design,  All about tools and equipment. knowledge- 50%
resources, including selection, Mensuration and
woodworking: Presentation - 30%
ICT in the presentation organization and calculation in
of the meaning of use of  The materials and automotive technology Visual appeal - 20%
electronics and its diagnostic, and occupational
organization; tools and formative and tools in health and safety
equipment. summative woodworking procedures.
assessment
strategies  The different types
consistent with of wood joints
curriculum
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 requirements on  Assemble the
the subject.
different types of
wood joints

Week 8-9 Demonstrate 5.1.1 Presentation and Demonstrated

knowledge and It demonstrates UNIT 4: demonstration of knowledge- 50%
understanding of knowledge of Construction 5.1.1
knowledge and
different teaching the design, Painting Presentation - 30%
understanding about
strategies on selection, carpentry and its Visual appeal - 20%
electronics and its organization and  All about organization; tools and
organization; tools and use of
construction equipment;
equipment; diagnostic,
mensuration and
mensuration and formative and painting
calculation and summative calculation; wood
occupational health assessment  Tools and joints and
and safety procedures strategies materials in occupational health
that suit the learners’ consistent with and safety procedures
gender, needs, curriculum construction that suit the learners’
strengths, interests requirements on painting gender, needs,
and experiences. the subject. strengths, interests
 Different types of
and experiences.
painting used in
building
construction
 Application of
painting

Week 10 Demonstrate 4.5.1 UNIT 5: Presentation and Demonstrated 4.5.1

knowledge and It shows skills Occupational demonstration of knowledge- 50%
understanding of in the Health and Safety knowledge and
different teaching Procedures in Metal Presentation - 30%
selection, understanding about
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 strategies on development Works carpentry and its Visual appeal - 20%
electronics and its and use of a organization; tools and
organization; tools and variety of  Hazards and risk equipment;
equipment; measuration and
teaching and in workplace
mensuration and calculation; wood
calculation; and learning
resources,  Tools joints and
occupational health
including ICT, occupational health
and safety procedures maintenance and safety procedures
that suit the learners’ to address
gender, needs, learning goals and safety rules that suit the learners’
strengths, interests and gender, needs,
in the area of  Personal
experiences. strengths, interests
electronics and experiences.
protective
technology.
equipment
 Signs, signals
and barricades

List of References

1. Dep Ed K12 curicullum, Tehnical Vocational Curicullum, basic drafting, basic carpentry, woodworking and construction painting
2. Dep Ed K12 curicullum, Tehnical Vocational Curicullum, Civil Technology
3. The National Building Code of the Philippines with its revised implementing Rules and Regulations: 2018 Edition:

Supplemental Readings:

CLASSROOM POLICIES

1. The attendance of students is properly checked and monitored.

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 2. When a student’s absences in a subject in one semester have reached 20% of the required number of hours of recitation,
lecture, laboratory or unscheduled work, and the absences are unexcused, the student shall be unofficially dropped from the
class and given a grade of 5.0.
3. The time and schedule of the class or subject should be religiously followed both by the teacher and the students.
4. The students should wear proper and complete uniform with black leather shoes and ID from Monday to Friday. The College or
University Shirt may be worn on Fridays and during special events.
5. In case of Physical Education subjects, only prescribed PE uniform and rubber shoes should be worn.
6. Students are given 10 minutes to prepare prior the start of the class.
7. Male and female students should have proper haircut, no bright hair colors, and no piercing on any part of the body. Male
students are not allowed to wear earrings.
8. The use of cellular phones during class hours is strictly prohibited. Students should either switch their phones off or set them to
silent mode while the class is going on.
9. Students should display a sense of responsibility by bringing their notebooks, ballpens, paper and other learning materials to
their class.
10. Cheating, in any form, is strictly prohibited; students who are caught cheating shall be reprimanded as stipulated in the Student
Manual.
11. Cleaners should be responsible to clean the classroom, arrange the chairs, and erase the writings on the board after the class.
12. Trashes such as candy wrappers and pieces of paper should be properly thrown into the trash bins located outside the
classroom.
13. Questions may be raised and opinions may be said during and after the discussion of each lesson.
14. No special project shall be given to students who fail the subject.
15. Should a student come late twice consecutively, he/she will be considered absent for a day.
16. Should a student incur three consecutive absences without a valid reason, he/she will be dropped automatically from the class.

CONSULTATION HOURS

Office: BTLEd – Industrial Arts Shop

Consultation Days/Hours: TTH (4:00-5:00)

Prepared and designed by: Recommending Approval:

xii
 Prof. GLENN M. CALAGUAS, PhD,
Asst. Prof. Asst. Prof. ANTHONY D. LUMANLAN, RGC, LPT
ANTHONY D. LUMANLAN, MAEd, LPT MAEd, LPT Dean
Instructor Chair

Approved:

ANITA G. DAVID, EdD

Vice President for Academic Affairs

xiii
Foreword -------------------------------- i
Vision, Mission, Goals and Objectives ------------------------------- ii
Learning contract ------------------------------- iii
IMDC Certification ------------------------------- iv
Syllabus ------------------------------- v
TABLES CONTENTS:

MODULE I: MECHANICAL DRAFTING ----------------------------------1

 Drafting materials and tools, its uses/functions ----------------------------------2-8

 Perform basic mensuration and Calculation ----------------------------------9-11
 Interpret working plans and sketches ----------------------------------12-19
 Maintain tools and equipment ----------------------------------13–24
 Guide questions ----------------------------------25
 Assessment ----------------------------------26-29
 Summary ----------------------------------30
 References ----------------------------------31

MODULE II: CARPENTRY ----------------------------------32

 The history of carpentry ----------------------------------33-35

 The tools and their classification ----------------------------------36-56
 Request, receive and inspect drafting ----------------------------------57-59
materials and tools/drawing instruments
 Maintain tools and equipment ----------------------------------60-62
 Guide questions ----------------------------------63
 Assessment ----------------------------------64-65
 Summary ----------------------------------66
 References ----------------------------------67-68

MODULE III: WOODWORKING ----------------------------------69

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 All about woodworking ----------------------------------70-72
 Tools in woodworking ---------------------------------73-85
 The different types of wood joints ---------------------------------86-91
 Assemble the different types of wood joints ---------------------------------92-95
 Guide questions ---------------------------------96
 Assessment ---------------------------------97-98
 References ---------------------------------99-101

MODULE IV: CONSTRUCTION PAINTING ---------------------------------102

 All about construction painting ---------------------------------103-107

 Tools and materials in construction painting ---------------------------------107-117
 Different types of painting used in building construction --------------------------118-125
 Application of painting ---------------------------------125-131
 Guide questions ---------------------------------132
 Assessment ---------------------------------133-134
 Summary ---------------------------------135-136
 References ---------------------------------138

MODULE V. PRACTICE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

AND SAFETY PROCEDURES --------------------------------139

 Hazards and risk in workplace --------------------------------140-148

 Tools maintenance and safety rules --------------------------------149-151
 Personal protective equipment --------------------------------152-157
 Signs, signals and barricades --------------------------------158-167
 Guide questions --------------------------------168
 Assessment --------------------------------169
 Summary --------------------------------170-171
 References --------------------------------172-173

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 MODULE II: CARPENTRY

Objectives: At the end of the discussion the students are expected to:

 Define carpentry
 Identify the history of carpentry;
 Enumerate the different tools in carpentry;
 Appreciate the importance carpentry; and
 Apply the uses of the tools and equipment in your daily living.

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 THE HISTORY OF CARPENTRY

Carpentry is the art and trade of cutting, working, and joining timber. The
term includes both structural timberwork in framing and items such as doors,
windows, and staircases.

The History of Carpentry Dates Back to 4,000 B.C.

The history of carpentry is nearly as old as time itself.
o The first signs of carpentry appeared in the Stone Age when early humans created
stone tools to shape wood.
o Later, the Egyptians developed copper tools, which were used to build items like
furniture.
o Early Chinese civilizations advanced the craft by using precise measurements in
their work.
o The Vikings were known to be excellent wood craftsman who built ships that helped
the Norse become a naval powerhouse.
o In Europe, Charlemagne’s revolutionary reforms helped further develop the art of
carpentry through a renewed focus on architecture and culture.
o The first castles and churches of northern Europe were built from wood not stone.

Jesus was the Son of a Carpenter

Carpenters also make several important appearances in the Bible.

o With the help of three sons, Noah built an Ark from cypress wood to save animals
during a great flood.
o Jesus was the son of a carpenter who grew up making and fixing things.
o Woodworkers built an entire palace for King David.

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Carpentry is Still a Vital Skilled Trade Today
Today, carpenters can work indoors and outdoors on many different types of
construction projects, including everything from kitchen cabinets to bridges. They
may use a variety of hand or power tools to cut and shape wood, plastic, fiberglass,
drywall and other substances. Carpenters then fasten these materials with nails,
screws, staples and adhesives. The result is something entirely new that is more
useful than a piece of wood.

The history of carpentry is the story of a constantly evolving and improving trade.
From simple woodcutting to modern-day construction, carpenters have played a
major role in building the world’s most prominent infrastructure. Even as technology
continues to change, carpentry will continue to be one of the most vital of the skilled
trades.

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 https://contractorsinsurance.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/history-of-
carpentry-2.jpg
IMPORTANCE OF CARPENTRY

Carpentry is one of the most important blue collar jobs in the world. It holds
much of society together. Without carpentry we would not have homes, businesses,
churches, etc.
Carpentry is a very important career because it touches everyone’s lives
everyday; this is why it is very important for a person to learn this skill sometime in
their life.

For the century, the carpenter has played an important role in the formation of
our society; it is larger as a monument or small furniture. No one can deny that we
need them and their craftsmanship to develop new material in residential and
commercial areas. Whether you are a homeowner or business owner, you will need
to take advantage of their services from time to time.

As far as the construction industry goes, a carpenter is almost indispensable.

Their expertise and talent include setting up of various foundations, setting up of the
foundation, laying new staircases, establishing beams and setting trims, decorations
and much more.

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THE TOOLS AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION

A tool is an object used to extend the ability of an individual to modify features

of the surrounding environment. Although many animals use simple tools, only
human beings, whose use of stone tools dates back hundreds of millennia, have
been observed using tools to make other tools.

Measuring Tool
Measuring tools are sensitive instruments of surface hardened steel provided with
scales of different degree of accuracy. Simple measuring tools are mainly used in
single-part production and maintenance work.

a. Pull-push-rule - A push pull rule is a measuring tape that coils into a compact
case. It is used for measuring long, short, straight lengths.

https://cdn-cms.f-static.net/uploads/
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 b. Steel Tape Measure - A steel tape measure is one of the most important tools
used in construction, because it can allow you to make measurements while
you’re on the job site. And because of its compact design, you can carry it in your
pocket or any place where it can be conveniently accessed. 

https:// ae01.alicdn.com/kf/

HTB1TJJZKpXXXXbmXFXXq6xXFXXXJ/Roulette-Retractable-Ruler-Tape-Measure-50M-
Stainless-Steel-Tape-Engineering-Measuring-Tools-Meetlint-huincha-de-medir.jpg

c. Foot rule – is a measuring stick consisting of a strip of wood or metal or plastic with
a straight edge that is used for drawing straight.

https://

www.liberaldictionary.com/

d. 2 Foot folding rule –Folding rules, sometimes called zigzag rules or jointed rules,
are a series of two or more smaller rule strips joined with hinges. These rules can
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 be folded together to be carried easily, or used in confined spaces. They can also
be folded out and used to measure longer distances or take measurements that
are further away and difficult to reach.

https://www.wonkeedonkeetools.co.uk/media/wysiwyg/26R-Rules-Lowri/26R09/26R_9-
3_TBI_folding_rules_.jpg

Driving Tool
 
Driving tools are used to push (drive) another object into the wood. Their general
purpose is to connect two pieces of wood together, or to connect wood to another
material.

a. Claw hammer - A claw hammer is a tool primarily used for driving nails into, or
pulling nails from, some other object. Generally, a claw hammer is associated with
woodworking but is not limited to use with wood products

https://
www.albanycountyfasteners.com/mm5/graphics/00000001/Curved-Claw-Hammer-
b. Sledge Hammer - A sledgehammer is a tool with a large, flat, often metal head,
attached to a long handle. The long handle combined with a heavy head allows
the sledgehammer to gather momentum during a swing and apply a large force
compared to hammers designed to drive nails.

https:// cdn.shopify.com/s/
files/ 1/0016/5032/7651/
products/25047_1024x1024.jpg?v=1550628430
c. Mallet - A mallet is a kind of hammer, often made of rubber or sometimes
wood, that is smaller than a maul or beetle, and usually has a relatively large
head.
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https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Rubber_mallets.jpg/220px-
Rubber_mallets.jpg

d. Ball peen hammer - A ball-peen or ballpeen hammer, also known as a

machinist's hammer, is a type of peening hammer used in metalworking. It
has two heads, one flat and the other, called the peen, rounded.

https://
image.made-in-china.com/43f34j00dACQMkScPBqb/0-34kg-0-75lb-Ball-Peen-Hammer-
Copper-Hammers-Spark-Free-Safety-Hand-Tools-Safety-Tool.jpg

e. Screw Drivers – is a tool, usually hand-operated, for turning screws with

slotted heads. For screws with one straight diametral slot cut across
the head, standard screwdrivers with flat blade tips and in a variety of
sizes are used.

https://s3-production.bobvila.com/articles/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/
Types_Of_Screwdrivers.jpg
f. Philips Screwdriver – A Phillips screwdriver has a head with pointed edges
in the shape of a cross, which fit neatly into the cross slots of a Phillips
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 screw.

https://media.rs-online.com/t_large/Y1829686-01.jpg

g. Slotted/ Standard/Flat Screwdriver – The tool used to drive a slotted screw

head is called a standard, common blade, flat-blade, slot-head,
straight, flat, flat-tip, or "flat-head" screwdriver.

https://images.homedepot-static.com/productImages/7bc0c1f6-44b0-45e0-8a02-a3e461a520d4/svn/
slotted-screwdrivers-008-005-nob-64_1000.jpg

h. Nail Set - is a small tool that allows you to hammer the finish nail flush to the
surface, while keeping the hammerhead a safe distance away from the wood.
The pointed end is round enough to fit in the head of a finish nail.

https://
www.thespruce.com/thmb/FKEITbeI42JHN4Shzme7KBLF9Qc=/1436x774/
Tooth Cutting Tool
Tooth-cutting tools are tools wherein the teeth or serrations are used for cutting,
shaping, smoothing, reducing, or sharpening.  Saws and files are tooth-cutting tools.

9
a. Cross-cut-saw - A crosscut saw is any saw designed for cutting wood
perpendicular to the wood grain. Crosscut saws may be small or large, with small
teeth close together for fine work like woodworking or large for coarse work like log
bucking, and can be a hand tool or power tool.

https://cdn3.vectorstock.com/i/1000x1000/42/62/crosscut-saw-isolated-on-white-vector-12484262.jpg

b. Ripsaw - A rip saw is a wood saw that is specially designed for making a rip cut,
a cut made parallel to the direction of the wood grain. 

https://i1.wp.com/sawgrafter.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Crown-190-24-Inch-Rip-Saw-
with-4.5-TPI.jpg?fit=1500%2C531

c. Hack saw - is a fine-toothed saw, originally and mainly made for cutting metal.
The equivalent saw for cutting wood is usually called bow saw. Most hacksaws are
hand saws with a C-shaped walking frame that holds a blade under tension.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Tool-hacksaw.jpg

d. Jig saw – A jigsaw is a saw which uses a reciprocating blade to cut irregular
curves, such as stenciled designs, in wood, metal, or other materials. Today they

10
 are electrically powered and known as scroll saws, and have been largely
displaced by portable power jigsaws.

https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/31aTB8SKiWL._AC_SY400_.jpg

e. Chain Saw – A chainsaw is a portable, mechanical saw which cuts with a set of
teeth attached to a rotating chain that runs along a guide bar. It is used in activities
such as tree felling, limbing, bucking, pruning, cutting firebreaks in wildland fire
suppression and harvesting of firewood.

https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/618aGZQRIcL._SX342_.jpg

Testing Tool
a. Plumb-bob - A plumb bob, or plummet, is a weight, usually with a pointed tip on
the bottom, suspended from a string and used as a vertical reference line, or
plumb-line. It is a precursor to the spirit level and used to establish a vertical or
horizontal datum. 

https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/31WBFP952FL.jpg
b. Try square - A try- square is a woodworking tool used for marking and
measuring a square piece of wood. The square refers to the tool's primary use of

11
 measuring the accuracy of a right angle; to try a surface is to check its
straightness or correspondence to an adjoining surface.

https://cf.shopee.ph/file/a0d3ac66775273f18c89c3da0ed264f6

c. Spirit Level – A spirit level, bubble level or simply a level is an instrument

designed to indicate whether a surface is horizontal or vertical.

https://www.collinsdictionary.com/images/full/spiritlevel_161573021_1000.jpg

d. Level Hose – The water level at each end of the tube will be at the same
elevation, whether the two ends are adjacent or far apart.

https://www.bateau2.com/howto_texts/images/foam3_waterlevel_300.jpg

e. Sliding T-Bevel – A sliding T bevel, also known as a bevel gauge or false square
is an adjustable gauge for setting and transferring angles. The handle is usually
made of wood or plastic and is connected to a metal blade with a thumbscrew or
wing nut.
12
 https://images.homedepot-static.com/productImages/3c1e17f5-f8f0-4137-98c7-
8a40a34e3b23/svn/johnson-carpenter-squares-b75-64_1000.jpg

f. Framing Square or Steel Square - The steel square is a tool used in carpentry.
Carpenters use various tools to lay out structures that are square, many of which
are made of steel, but the name steel square refers to a specific long-armed
square that has additional uses for measurement, especially of various angles.

https://images- na.ssl-images-
amazon.com/images/I/51E58LTTx8L._AC_SL1000_.jpg

Holding Tool
Holding tools are tools used for holding pieces of work, bladed tools, and for
clamping pieces of wood to be glued. Some of the holding tools are braces, hand
grill, vises, bench hook, miter boxes, pliers, pincers and clamps, (c-clamp, bar clamp,
and hand screw clamp).

a. Bench Vise or workbench vice/vise - In particular, attach directly to a

workbench to hold the work piece during operations such as sawing, planing, and
drilling. 

https://sc01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1AOHJH1uSBuNjSsziq6zq8pXa4.jpg

13
b. Machinist Vise – A machine vise — a mechanical device designed to hold
workpieces still during machining operations — can function as manual
components or as a machining device.

https:// images-na.ssl-
images-amazon.com/images/I/81s-BbvL-jL._SL1500_.jpg
c. C clamp – is a type of clamp device typically used to hold a wood or metal work
piece, and used to carpentry and welding.

https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/

d. Bar clamp - A bar clamp features a long, metal bar and is designed to withstand
the pressure of holding large and heavy work pieces. It is capable of heavy-duty
clamping due to the strength of the bar, which is made from steel. The length of
the bar means the clamp can easily hold long or wide work pieces in its jaws.

https://www.wonkeedonkeetools.co.uk/media/wysiwyg/27C-Clamps-Meg/27C42/C-
42-1_TBI.jpg
14
 e. Long Nose is used for holding, bending, and stretching the lead of electronic
component or connecting wires.

https://
w ww.goog
le.com/ search

f. Side Cutter is a wire-cutting pliers, though they are not used to grab or turn
anything, but are used to cut wires.

https://
www.google.com/search

i. Slip joint pliers are pliers whose pivot point or fulcrum can be moved to

increase the size range of their jaws. Most slip joint pliers use a mechanism
that allows sliding the pivot point into one of several positions when
the pliers are fully opened. 

https://
images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/61BD7mRGMDL._AC_SL1500_.jpg

15
 j. Combination pliers are heavy-duty, side-cutting pliers, also known as
lineman pliers or side cutters, which are designed for all regular wire-cutting
needs. They have gripping jaws, a cutting edge, and insulating handle grips
that reduce (but don't eliminate) the risk of electric shock from contact with live
wires.

https://
cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0728/1777/products/
Stanley_Combination_Pliers.jpg?v=1587399797

Marking Tool

a. Pencil - A pencil is an implement for writing or drawing, constructed of a narrow,

solid pigment core in a protective casing that prevents the core from being broken
and/or marking the user's hand. 

https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/cpsprodpb/EDEC/production/
_107080906_gettyimages-654239286.jpg

16
b. Marking Knife - A marking gauge, also known as a scratch gauge, is used in
woodworking and metalworking to mark out lines for cutting or other operations.
The purpose of the gauge is to scribe a line parallel to a reference edge or
surface. It is used in joinery and sheetmetal operations.

https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn
%3AANd9GcRKasBK6h680_eKzBZdymsTGzWv4q2rUbk-jw&usqp=CAU

c. Chalk line - A chalk line or chalk box is a tool for marking long, straight lines on
relatively flat surfaces, much farther than is practical by hand or with a
straightedge. They may be used to lay out straight lines between two points or
vertical lines by using the weight of the line reel as a plumb line. 

https://media.rs-online.com/t_large/F7769832-01.jpg

17
d. Dividers - are one of the earliest and most basic types of mathematical
instrument. In their simplest form, dividers consist of a jointed pair of legs, each
with a sharp point. They can be used for geometrical operations such as scribing
circles but also for taking off and transferring dimensions.

https://lie- nielsen.imgix.net/default/
2-st-277-3-dividers.jpg?w=500&h=500

e. Compass - A compass, also known as a pair of compasses, is a technical

drawing instrument that can be used for inscribing circles or arcs. They can also
be used for mathematics, drafting, navigation and other purposes.

https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/71bq9zktDqL.jpg

18
Scratch awl - A scratch awl is a woodworking layout and point-making tool. It is
used to scribe a line to be followed by a hand saw or chisel when making
woodworking joints and other operations. The scratch awl is basically a steel spike
with its tip sharpened to a fine point.

https://images-na.ssl- images-amazon.com/
images/I/61K%2BKEoXZfL._AC_SX466_.jpg

Power Tool

a. Electric drill – A power drill is an electrical motor that rotates a

replaceable drill bit to make a hole in wood, plastic, or metal. Alternately, a
screwdriver tip can be installed to turn screws.

https://image.made-in-china.com/2f0j00DJNEjqsRkFog/Industrial-13mm-Long-
Lifetime-Electric-Drill-Power-Tools.jpg

19
b. Electric Grinder – An angle grinder, also known as a side grinder or disc grinder,
is a handheld power tool used for grinding and polishing. Although developed
originally as tools for rigid abrasive discs, the availability of an interchangeable
power source has encouraged their use with a wide variety of cutters and
attachments.

https://imgaz1.staticbg.com/thumb/large/oaupload/banggood/images/99/
D6/740f2b6a-1aa0-4acf-bdf5-165b1ede8f7f.JPG
c. Router – A router is a hand tool or power tool that routs an area in hard material,
such as wood or plastic. Routers are mainly used in woodworking, especially
cabinetry. Usually they're handheld or fastened, with the cutting end up, in router
tables. The hand tool type of router is the original form.

https://i.pinimg.com/originals/20/57/fe/2057fe7a2e462fbfc485679770db7118.jpg

20
d. Electric Sander - A sander is a power tool used to smooth surfaces by abrasion
with sandpaper. Sanders have a means to attach the sandpaper and a
mechanism to move it rapidly contained within a housing with means to hand-hold
it or fix it to a workbench. 

https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0728/1777/products/new3.jpg?v=1587399379

e. Electric Planer – A thickness planer is a woodworking machine to trim boards to

a consistent thickness throughout their length and flat on both surfaces.

https://
imgaz2.staticbg.com/thumb/large/oaupload/banggood/images/F8/23/656ff5a2-848e-

21
Miscellaneous Tool

a. Drill bit – Drill bits are cutting tools used to remove material to create holes,
almost always of circular section. Drill bits come in many sizes and shapes and
can create different kinds of holes in many different materials.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Drillbits.jpg

b. Paint Brush – A paintbrush is a brush used to apply paint or sometimes ink. A

paintbrush is usually made by clamping the bristles to a handle with a ferrule.
They are available in various sizes, shapes, and materials. Thicker ones are used
for filling in, and thinner ones are used for details.

https://cf.shopee.ph/file/10ded0170440b0aef51dcb99a047cb16

22
c. Files - A file is a tool used to remove fine amounts of material from a workpiece.
Most are hand tools, made of a case hardened steel bar of rectangular, square,
triangular, or round cross-section, with one or more surfaces cut with sharp,
generally parallel teeth.

https://previews.123rf.com/images/gameover/gameover
1602/gameover160200028/52664942-hardware-and-carpentry-file-tool-set-of-
different-shapes.jpg

d. Chisel - A chisel is a tool with a characteristically shaped cutting edge of blade on

its end, for carving or cutting a hard material such as wood, stone, or metal by
hand, struck with a mallet, or mechanical power. The handle and blade of some
types of chisel are made of metal or of wood with a sharp edge in it. 

https://

images.homedepot-static.com/productImages/bbb77099-6fbc-4a77-9d70-
5f3fe33b7838/svn/stanley-chisel-sets-16-401-e1_1000.jpg
23
e. Crow Bar - A crowbar is a metal tool used mainly to pry things open. It is usually
hook shaped. Crowbars can be used as any of the three lever classes but the
curved end is usually used as a first-class lever, and the flat end as a second
class lever.

24
 https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Piedbiche.jpg/220px-
Piedbiche.jpg

PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)

Personal protective equipment, commonly referred to as "PPE", is equipment

worn to minimize exposure to hazards that cause serious workplace injuries and
illnesses.
These injuries and illnesses may result from contact with chemical, radiological,
physical, electrical, mechanical, or other workplace hazards.

a. Goggles - used to protect the eyes against flying debris and harmful liquids.
b. Ear Protector - used to protect the ears against high frequency noise.
c. Face Mask - used to prevent the inhalation of sprayed paint fumes.
d. Gloves - used to protect the hands while working.
e. Apron - used to protect the worker against flying debris
f. Safety Shoes – Safety boots are shoes made with a protective reinforcement at the
front making them quite durable. The reinforcement helps to protect the toes from
falling objects or any kind of compression. They are normally installed with a sole
plate in the main sole to prevent against punctures that may come from below.
g. Coverall – a piece of clothing that covers both the upper and lower parts of
the body and is worn especially over other clothes to protect them
h. Hard Head Helmet – A hard hat is a type of helmet predominantly used in
workplace environments such as industrial or construction sites to protect
the head from injury due to falling objects, impact with other objects, debris, rain,
and electric shock. 

1
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

A B C

D E

F G H

https://

sc02.alicdn.com/kf/

HTB1qFLchFooBKNjSZFPq6xa2XXaH.jpg_350x350.jpg

REQUEST, RECEIVE AND INSPECT DRAFTING MATERIALS AND

TOOLS/DRAWING INSTRUMENTS

2
 Requesting the materials used in one’s office supplies list is a common practice.
When it comes to managing and keeping track of office supply requests, a systematic
way of dealing with those requests is needed.
Every employee needs basic equipment necessary to help them do well in their
job. Be it a new computer, laptop, screen, keyboard, mouse, smartphone, printer, and
more, depending on the needs of the job. But, imagine if they must come to you every
time they need to buy equipment, you will be overwhelmed with an excessive amount of
request.
Moreover, all requests should also have approval of each employee’s manager.
When your employees request items for purchase, you should validate with their
manager. Once validated, you will then order their requests.

ACQUIRE AND INSPECT MATERIALS/TOOLS

1. Check if the materials and tools are complete in terms of quantity and specification
(number of pieces, length, width, etc.)
2. Check the physical condition of tools, (check tools against the specification,
quantity, and quality,) see to it that parts are complete, cutting edges or tooth free
from damages,
3. Check the accessories of each material and tool. See to it that nothing is missing.
If any of the materials or tools is found missing or defective, report it immediately
to the supply officer or teacher. If any of the materials or tools is found missing or
defective, report it immediately to the supply officer or teacher.
4. Get a replacement for the materials and tools found defective.
5. Sign the requisition form as you receive materials and tools.
6. Store the received materials and tools in a safe area or store room nearest your
workplace. (store materials, in proper order, bulky and heavier materials at the
bottom lighter and smaller items on top of the pile)
7. Always handle the materials and tools carefully. (avoid dropping the tools on th
floor, do not expose tools and materials on sunlight or rains).

3
FLOW CHART IN RECEIVING TOOLS, EQUIPMENT, SUPPLIES, AND MATERIALS
IN THE SHOP

Fig. 1: Flow Chart in Receiving

QUALITY INSPECTION AND PROCEDURE:

Delivered or issued items should be properly inspected for accuracy in terms of

quality, specifications, quantity, and functionality or workability. The act which
involves monitoring, observing or testing, usually involving product sampling, to
insure compliance with the requirements is known as quality inspection. It includes
activities such as collecting data from the item or items to ensure quality and
preciseness.
PROCEDURE IN ACCOMPLISHING A REQUISITION FORM

Procedure:

4
1. State the name of the project and date when you requested for materials.
2. Fill in the classification of the project and its purpose.
3. Write the number of required materials.
4. List the unit of materials to be requisitioned.
5. Enumerate the materials with their description.
6. List the cost per unit and the total cost.
7. Write your name as requisitioner.
8. Secure the approval of authorities concerned.

SAMPLE REQUISITION FORM

DATE: September 30,
SUGGESTED PROJECT: Bulletin Board 2020
Balanced Requisition Unit Materials and Unit Price Total
on Hand Description
Quantity

2 Pc ½ Plywood (Marine) P 950.00 P 1 900.00

2 Kilo 2’ common nails P 70.00 P140.00

1 Liter Quick Dry Enamel, P150.00 P 150.00

Boysen

5 Piece 220 sandpaper P 50.00 P 250.00

1 Piece 2’ paint brush P 125.00 P125.00

1 liter Paint thinner P 70.00 P 70.00

Total P 2 635.00

Figure 2.

___________ ___________
Requisitioner: Shop Teacher

___________
Supply Officer:

5
MAINTAIN TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
Construction tools and equipment suffer a lot of wear and tear. Hence, it is
important to maintain them regularly. This will help increase the service life as well as
the performance of the equipment.

Precautionary maintenance of tools and equipment will also help reduce

unwanted expenses related to broken or faulty equipment. Small problems generally
lead to bigger issues if left unattended.

Perform all cleaning and repair work as soon as you see any signs of damage or
neglect. This will keep your instruments from failing you at crucial moments.

If you take care of your tools, they will return the favor. Proper care and routine
maintenance of your hand tools and power tools makes any home improvement or
repair project easier, safer and more successful. Proper tool care also saves you money
because the better they’re cared for, the longer they’ll last.

A. PROCEDURE IN SEGREGATING AND LABELING NON-FUNCTIONAL TOOLS

AND EQUIPMENT
1. Conduct an inventory of tools and equipment.
2. Record the number of non-functional tools and equipment.
3. Segregate tools that are serviceable or unserviceable.
4. Report the number of tools and equipment that are non-functional but subject for
repair.
5. Label tools and equipment which are condemnable.
6. Return tools and equipment in the tool cabinet as per operating procedures.

B. PROCEDURE IN CHECKING CONDITION OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE

EQUIPMENT
1. Inspect any damaged or defective Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
2. Test the functionality of each PPE.
3. Separate the non-functional and functional PPE.
4. Repair/replace the non-functional PPE.
6
5. Report the condition or status of PPE.
C. LUBRICATING TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

1. Read and analyze the use of preventive Maintenance Schedule form.

2. Determine the types of tools and machine needed to be lubricated.
3. Fill out a requisition slip form in releasing the lubricants needed.
4. Secure a borrower’s slip from your teacher.
5. Fill out the slip form correctly intended for the needed tools.
6. Perform the task according to the prescribed schedule and the assigned machine.
7. Perform lubricating procedure.
8. Determine the parts of the machine needed to be lubricated.
9. Apply thin coat of oil on the parts for a long period of time.
10. Open the bearing cover and apply grease.
11. Apply grease on sealed bearing with the use of a grease gun.

HOW TO MAINTAIN TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

Clean your tools. Cleaning the tools regularly is essential to their proper functioning.
After a day of work, your tools will be covered with some amount of dirt. It’s important to
clean them after you’re finished using them. Although a thorough cleaning is not
required on a daily basis, make sure you clean your tools regularly. When cleaning your
tools, don’t use chemicals that are extremely harsh. Follow the manufacturer’s
guidelines for proper cleaning and maintenance.

Protect electrical cords. Airlines and electrical cords are prone to heavy damage since
they are generally in the way of construction vehicles, and foot traffic. Other machinery
like forklifts, drills, etc. can easily cut through wires. To keep the wires and airlines from
getting damaged, it is important to protect them. You can cover the electrical cords with
industrial strength casings or purpose-built ramps.

7
Lubricate tools. Whether you work with pneumatic or regular tools, it is important to
lubricate them regularly. Lubricating tools helps them to perform better and reduces
wear and tear of components.

Lubrication is even more important when working with air or pneumatic tools. Pneumatic
tools need to be lubricated once a day before use. When moisture or condensation
enters the interiors of pneumatic tools, it can cause corrosion. Corrosion can decrease
the life of an instrument. Corroded parts are difficult to repair and replace. Hence, the
internal components of pneumatic tools should be coated with special air-tool oil. This
oil prevents corrosion by displacing any moisture that enters the interior of the
equipment.

Inspect tools regularly. Regularly inspect your tools for signs of damage and faulty
functioning. Inspections should take place at the end of each construction job. Ensure
that you repair them immediately if there is any damage. This will avoid any last minute
hassle.

Store tools with care. Storing tools properly is of prime importance. Although tools are
designed for rough use, it is important to store them properly. Cover up your tools to
keep dirt and rain away from the machine. If the tools aren’t used for a long time,
inspect them regularly for signs of damage, wear and tear, corrosion, etc.

8
Guide Questions:
1. How can measuring tools simplify a specific task in carpentry?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
2. There is always a specific tool for a specific job. Is this true of not, depend
your answer?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
3. How are you going to maintain tools and equipment in carpentry?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
4. How are you going to inspect materials and tools in carpentry?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
5. Give the importance of wearing PPE’s in the workplace.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

9
_____________________________________________________________

10
Assessment:
I. Identify the following:
____________1. It is an object used to extend the ability of an individual to modify
features of the surrounding environment.
____________2. It is used for measuring long, short, straight lengths.
____________3. It is used in construction, because it can allow you to make
measurements while you’re on the job site.
____________4. It is a measuring stick consisting of a strip of wood or metal or
plastic with a straight edge that is used for drawing straight.
____________5. It is a saw designed for cutting wood perpendicular to the wood
grain.
____________6. It is a saw that is specially designed for making a rip cut, a cut
made parallel to the direction of the wood grain. 
____________7. It is a fine-toothed saw, originally and mainly made for cutting
metal.
____________8. It is used to protect the eyes against flying debris and harmful
liquids.
____________9. It is used to protect the ears against high frequency noise.
____________10. It is used to prevent the inhalation of sprayed paint fumes.
____________11. It is used to protect the hands while working.
____________12. It is used to protect the worker against flying debris
____________13. These are shoes made with a protective reinforcement at the front
making them quite durable.
____________14.It is a piece of clothing that covers both the upper and lower parts
of the body and is worn especially over clothes to protect them.
____________15. It is a type of helmet predominantly used in workplace
environments such as industrial or construction sites to protect
the head from injury due to falling objects, impact with other
objects, debris, rain, and electric shock. 
____________16. It is an electrical motor that rotates a replaceable drill bit

11
 to make a hole in wood, plastic, or metal.

_____________17. It is also known as a side grinder or disc grinder, is a handheld

power tool used for grinding and polishing.
_____________18. It is a hand tool or power tool that routs an area in hard material,
such as wood or plastic.
_____________19. It is a power tool used to smooth surfaces by abrasion
with sandpaper.
_____________20. It is a woodworking machine to trim boards to a
consistent thickness throughout their length and flat on both
surfaces.

12
SUMMARY:

 Carpentry is the art and trade of cutting, working, and joining timber. The term
includes both structural timberwork in framing and items such as doors, windows,
and staircases.
 A tool is an object used to extend the ability of an individual to modify features of
the surrounding environment. Although many animals use simple tools, only
human beings, whose use of stone tools dates back hundreds of millennia, have
been observed using tools to make other tools.
 Requesting the materials used in one’s office supplies list is a common practice.
When it comes to managing and keeping track of office supply requests, a
systematic way of dealing with those requests is needed.
 Delivered or issued items should be properly inspected for accuracy in terms of
quality, specifications, quantity, and functionality or workability. The act which
involves monitoring, observing or testing, usually involving product sampling, to
insure compliance with the requirements is known as quality inspection. It includes
activities such as collecting data from the item or items to ensure quality and
preciseness.
 Construction tools and equipment suffer a lot of wear and tear. Hence, it is
important to maintain them regularly. This will help increase the service life as
well as the performance of the equipment.
 Precautionary maintenance of tools and equipment will also help reduce
unwanted expenses related to broken or faulty equipment. Small problems
generally lead to bigger issues if left unattended.
 Perform all cleaning and repair work as soon as you see any signs of damage or
neglect. This will keep your instruments from failing you at crucial moments.

13
REFERENCES:
https://www.wikihow.com/Maintain-Construction-Tools
https://contractorsinsurance.org/history-of-carpentry/
https://contractorsinsurance.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/history-of-carpentry-2.jpg
https://cdn-cms.f-static.net/uploads/1974646/800_5c80afeb9bd99.jpg
https://www.wonkeedonkeetools.co.uk/media/wysiwyg/26R-Rules-Lowri/26R09/26R_9-
3_TBI_folding_rules_.jpg
https://www.albanycountyfasteners.com/mm5/graphics/00000001/Curved-Claw-
Hammer-PRODUCT-1_300x300.jpg
https://image.made-in-china.com/43f34j00dACQMkScPBqb/0-34kg-0-75lb-Ball-Peen-
Hammer-Copper-Hammers-Spark-Free-Safety-Hand-Tools-Safety-Tool.jpg
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https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0016/5032/7651/products/25047_1024x1024.jpg?
v=1550628430
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Rubber_mallets.jpg/220px-
Rubber_mallets.jpg
https://s3-production.bobvila.com/articles/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/
Types_Of_Screwdrivers.jpg
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