Class Simple{

Public static void main(String args[]){

System.out.println(“Hello Java”);

o class keyword is used to declare a class in Java.

o public keyword is an access modifier that represents visibility. It

means it is visible to all.

o static is a keyword. If we declare any method as static, it is known as

the static method. The core advantage of the static method is that
there is no need to create an object to invoke the static method. The
main() method is executed by the JVM, so it doesn't require creating
an object to invoke the main() method. So, it saves memory.

o void is the return type of the method. It means it doesn't return any
value.

o main represents the starting point of the program.

o String[] args or String args[] is used for command line argument. We

will discuss it in coming section.

o System.out.println() is used to print statement. Here, System is a class,

out is an object of the PrintStream class, println() is a method of the
PrintStream class. We will discuss the internal working
of System.out.println() statement in the coming section.

To compile: javac Simple.java

To execute: java Simple

In how many ways we can write a Java program?

1) By changing the sequence of the modifiers, method prototype is not changed in
Java.

Let's see the simple code of the main method.

1. static public void main(String args[])  

2) The subscript notation in the Java array can be used after type, before the
variable or after the variable.

Let's see the different codes to write the main method.

1. public static void main(String[] args)  

2. public static void main(String []args)  

3. public static void main(String args[])  

3) You can provide var-args support to the main() method by passing 3 ellipses
(dots)

Let's see the simple code of using var-args in the main() method. We will
learn about var-args later in the Java New Features chapter.

1. public static void main(String... args)  

4) Having a semicolon at the end of class is optional in Java.

Let's see the simple code.

1. class A{  

2. static public void main(String... args){  

3. System.out.println("hello java4");  

4. }  

5. };  
Valid Java main() method signature
1. public static void main(String[] args)  

2. public static void main(String []args)  

3. public static void main(String args[])  

4. public static void main(String... args)  

5. static public void main(String[] args)  

6. public static final void main(String[] args)  

7. final public static void main(String[] args)  

8. final strictfp public static void main(String[] args)  

Invalid Java main() method signature

1. public void main(String[] args)  

2. static void main(String[] args)  

3. public void static main(String[] args)  

4. abstract public static void main(String[] args)  

Resolving an error "javac is not recognized as an internal or

external command"?
If there occurs a problem like displayed in the below figure, you need to set
a path. Since DOS doesn't recognize javac and java as internal or external
command. To overcome this problem, we need to set a path. The path is not
required in a case where you save your program inside the JDK/bin
directory. However, it is an excellent approach to set the path. Click here
for How to set path in java.
Internal Details of Hello Java Program
In the previous section, we have created Java Hello World program and
learn how to compile and run a Java program. In this section, we are going
to learn, what happens while we compile and run the Java program.
Moreover, we will see some questions based on the first program.

What happens at compile time?

At compile time, the Java file is compiled by Java Compiler (It does not
interact with OS) and converts the Java code into bytecode.

What happens at runtime?

At runtime, the following steps are performed:

Classloader: It is the subsystem of JVM that is used to

load class files.

Bytecode Verifier: Checks the code fragments for illegal

code that can violate access rights to objects.

Interpreter: Read bytecode stream then execute the

instructions.

Q) Can you save a Java source file by another

name than the class name?
Yes, if the class is not public. It is explained in the
figure given below:

To compile: javac Hard.java

java Simple
To execute:  

Observe that, we have compiled the code with file name but running the
program with class name. Therefore, we can save a Java program other than
class name.

Q) Can you have multiple classes in a java source file?

Yes, like the figure given below illustrates:

Java Variables
A variable is a container which holds the value while the Java program is
executed. A variable is assigned with a data type.
Variable is a name of memory location. There are three types of variables in
java: local, instance and static.

There are two types of data types in Java: primitive and non-primitive.

Variable
A variable is the name of a reserved area allocated in memory. In other
words, it is a name of the memory location. It is a combination of "vary +
able" which means its value can be changed.

1. int data=50;//Here data is variable  

Types of Variables
There are three types of variables in Java:

o local variable

o instance variable

o static variable
1) Local Variable

A variable declared inside the body of the method is called local variable.
You can use this variable only within that method and the other methods in
the class aren't even aware that the variable exists.

A local variable cannot be defined with "static" keyword.

2) Instance Variable

A variable declared inside the class but outside the body of the method, is
called an instance variable. It is not declared as static.

It is called an instance variable because its value is instance-specific and is

not shared among instances.
3) Static variable

A variable that is declared as static is called a static variable. It cannot be

local. You can create a single copy of the static variable and share it among
all the instances of the class. Memory allocation for static variables happens
only once when the class is loaded in the memory.

Example to understand the types of variables in java

1. public class A  

2. {  

3.     static int m=100;//static variable  

4.     void method()  

5.     {    

6.         int n=90;//local variable    

7.     }  

8.     public static void main(String args[])  

9.     {  

10.        int data=50;//instance variable    

11.    }  

12.}//end of class   

Java Variable Example: Add Two Numbers

1. public class Simple{    

2. public static void main(String[] args){    

3. int a=10;    

4. int b=10;    

5. int c=a+b;    

6. System.out.println(c);    

7. }  

8. }    
Output:

20

Java Variable Example: Widening

1. public class Simple{  

2. public static void main(String[] args){  

3. int a=10;  

4. float f=a;  

5. System.out.println(a);  

6. System.out.println(f);  

7. }}  

Output:

10
10.0

Java Variable Example: Narrowing (Typecasting)

1. public class Simple{  

2. public static void main(String[] args){  

3. float f=10.5f;  

4. //int a=f;//Compile time error  

5. int a=(int)f;  

6. System.out.println(f);  

7. System.out.println(a);  

8. }}  

Output:

10.5
10

Java Variable Example: Overflow

 1. class Simple{  

2. public static void main(String[] args){  

3. //Overflow  

4. int a=130;  

5. byte b=(byte)a;  

6. System.out.println(a);  

7. System.out.println(b);  

8. }}  

Output:

130
-126

Java Variable Example: Adding Lower Type

1. class Simple{  

2. public static void main(String[] args){  

3. byte a=10;  

4. byte b=10;  

5. //byte c=a+b;//Compile Time Error: because a+b=20 will be int  

6. byte c=(byte)(a+b);  

7. System.out.println(c);  

8. }}  

Output:

20