11 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

BASIC CALCULUS
Quarter 4 – Module 2
The Antiderivative of a Function
Using Substitution Rule
Statistics and Probability – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 2: The Antiderivative of a Function Using Substitution Rule
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) Included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher ownership over them and authors do not
represent nor claim.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Kimberly Joy S. Yucor
Editors: Ronald G. Tolentino & Gil S. Dael
Reviewer: Littie Beth S. Bernadez
Layout Artist: Radhiya A. Ababon
Management Team: Senen Priscillo P. Paulin, CESO V Elisa L. Bagiuo, EdD
Joelyza M. Arcilla, EdD, CESE Rosela R. Abiera
Marcelo K. Palispis, JD, EdD Maricel S. Rasid
Nilita L. Ragay, EdD Elmar L. Cabrera

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Office Address: Kagawasan, Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Telephone #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
E-mail Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
 11

Basic Calculus
Quarter 4 – Module 2
The Antiderivative of a Function
Using Substitution Rule
 What I Need to Know

LEARNING COMPETENCY:
▪ Compute the derivative of a function using substitution rule
(STEM_BC11I-IVa-b-1)

OBJECTIVES:
K: Illustrate the antiderivative of a function;
S: Compute the antiderivative of a function using substitution
rule;
A: Show determination in accomplishing the different tasks.

PRE-ASSESSMENT
Direction: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write it on
your activity sheet/notebook.

1. Which of the following is connected to the problem of obtaining the area of a plane region?
A. Differentiation C. Exponentiation
B. Integration D. None of these

2. Which of the following is the reverse process of differentiation?

A. Differentiation C. Exponentiation
B. Integration D. None of these

3. Which of the following is the reverse process of chain rule?

A. Addition Rule C. Substitution Rule
B. Product Rule D. Division Rule

4. Which of the following is the antiderivative of ∫ 3𝑑𝑥 ?

A. x+C C. 3x+C
B. 3+C D. 3x2+C

2
5. Which of the following is the antiderivative of ∫ 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥?
A. 2x+C C. x+C
B. 2+C D. 2x2+C

6. Which of the following denotes substitution rule?

A. ∫ 𝑓[𝑔(𝑥 )]𝑔′(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
B. ∫ 𝑓[𝑔(𝑥 )]𝑔(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓 (𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
C. ∫ 𝑓[𝑔(𝑥 )]𝑓 ′ (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓 (𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
D. ∫ 𝑓[𝑔(𝑥 )]𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓 (𝑢) 𝑑𝑢

Lesson Computing the Antiderivative of a

1 Function Using Substitution Rule

A function F is called an antiderivative of f on the integral [a,b] if F’(x) = f(x) for all
x in [a,b]. If x is either a or b, then F’(x)need only to be a one-sided derivative. The general
antiderivative of f(x)is given by
∫ 𝑓(𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = 𝐹 (𝑥 ) + 𝐶
where C is any constant.
The expression ∫ 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 means we are integrating the function f with respect to x.
The symbol ∫ is the integration symbol. The function f(x) is the integrand, x the integration
variable, and C is a constant.
Take note of the notation dx. It is called the differential of x. If we are looking for the
antiderivative of f(x), the integration sign must be finished with the symbol dx. Whenever
you see the integral sign ∫, always close it by the differential dx if the function whose
antiderivative you are looking for is a function of x. Consider the examples below.

1
∫ cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ∫ 5𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡 ∫ 1+𝑦2 𝑑𝑦 ∫ tan−1 2𝑤 𝑑𝑤

3
 ’s In
Task 2
Direction: Observe the different illustrations of antiderivative. Recall your prior knowledge
in obtaining the derivative of a function. Answer the process questions provided. Write your
answers in your notebook.
Function Derivative Antiderivative

𝑓(𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 3 𝑓 ′= 𝟗𝒙𝟐
∫ 9𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝟑𝒙𝟑 + 𝑪

𝑓 (𝑥 ) = ln 𝑥 1 1
𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝐥𝐧 𝒙 + 𝑪
𝑥 𝑥

𝑓 (𝑥 ) = tan 𝑥 𝑓 ′(𝑥 ) = sec2 𝑥

∫ sec2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 + 𝑪

Process Questions:
1. What have you observed on the table?
2. What is the relationship between the derivative and antiderivative?
3. What is common among the antiderivatives of the function?
4. What does ”C” in the column of antiderivatives mean?
5. What conclusion have you drawn from the table?

4
 ’s New

Task 3
Study the given linear properties of the integral and antiderivative of basic functions. Then,
consider the examples given. After, answer the exercises that follow.

Linear Properties of the Integral

a. ∫ 𝑘𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = 𝑘 ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥, 𝑘 is a constant

b. ∫[𝑓 (𝑥 ) + 𝑔(𝑥)]𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑔(𝑥 )𝑑𝑥

c. ∫[𝑓 (𝑥 ) − 𝑔(𝑥)]𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑔(𝑥 )𝑑𝑥

Antiderivative of basic functions

a. ∫ 𝑘 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑘𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑥 𝑛+1
b. ∫ 𝑥 𝑛 𝑑𝑥 = + 𝐶, 𝑛 ≠ −1
𝑛+1
1
c. ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ln|𝑥 | + 𝐶
d. ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑎𝑥
e. ∫ 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ln 𝑎 + 𝐶

Examples.

We will apply the linear properties of the integral and antiderivative of basic functions.
1. ∫ 5 𝑑𝑥 = 5𝑥 + 𝐶

𝑥 1+1 𝑥2 1
2. ∫(2 + 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 2𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑥 + + 𝐶 = 2𝑥 + + 𝐶 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 𝐶
1+1 2 2

3.

∫(18𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 5)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 18𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 4𝑥𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 5𝑑𝑥 = 18 ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − 4 ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 5𝑑𝑥

𝑥3 𝑥2
= 18 ( ) − 4 ( ) + 5𝑥 + 𝐶 = 6𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 𝐶
3 2

5
Find the antiderivative of the functions.

1.) ∫ 6𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2.) ∫(12𝑥 − 5)𝑑𝑥
3.) ∫ 3𝑑𝑥
4.) ∫(2𝑥 2 + 3)𝑑𝑥
3
5.) ∫ (5 + 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

is It

We will now use substitution as a technique in integration.

Substitution rule

∫ 𝒇[𝒈(𝒙)]𝒈′(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = ∫ 𝒇(𝒖) 𝒅𝒖 where 𝒖 = 𝒈(𝒙) and 𝒅𝒖 = 𝒈′ (𝒙)𝒅𝒙

Substitution rule is like applying chain rule in reverse. By making the substitution,
we change the appearance of the variable and integrands. One challenge which often
perplexes students is choosing which substitution to make. For example, let us consider the
integral
∫(𝑥 + 7)9 𝑑𝑥
If we should rely only on the rules we have introduced so far, to perform this
integration, first we must expand the binomial. After which, we integrate the polynomial
function term by term using the power rule. But to obtain the binomial expansion of (𝑥 + 7)9
is already, by itself, an excruciating task. However, there is a way to obtain the antiderivative
without performing this expansion. This, we do, by making the appropriate substitution.
Before we present examples on the substitution rule, first we define the differential.

Differential

Given a function 𝑢 = 𝑔(𝑥) which is differentiable on [a,b]. The differential 𝑑𝑢 is

defined as follows

𝑑𝑢 = 𝑔′(𝑥) ∙ 𝑑𝑥

6
Example 1. Applying substitution rule to ∫(𝒙 + 𝟕)𝟗 𝒅𝒙

Obtain the integral ∫(𝑥 + 7)9 𝑑𝑥 using substitution rule.

Solution

Suppose 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 7, then 𝑔’(𝑥) = 1. If we let 𝑢 = 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 7, by definition of the

differential 𝑢, we get

𝑑𝑢 = 𝑔′(𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥.

The original integral takes a new form.

∫(𝑥 + 7)9 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢9 𝑑𝑢
Using the power rule, this is

1
∫(𝑥 + 7)9 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢9 𝑑𝑢 = 10
𝑢10 + 𝐶.

Substituting back 𝑥 + 7 for 𝑢, we get,

1
∫(𝑥 + 7)9 𝑑𝑥 = 10 (𝑥 + 7)10 + 𝐶.

To check that this is the antiderivative indeed, find the derivative of the antiderivative.

1
𝐷𝑥 [ (𝑥 + 7)10 + 𝐶] = (𝑥 + 7)9
10

We got it right.

Example 2. Applying substitution rule on ∫ 𝟑𝒙𝟐 (𝒙𝟑 − 𝟔)𝟓 𝒅𝒙

Use substitution rule to integrate ∫ 𝟑𝒙𝟐 (𝒙𝟑 − 𝟔)𝟓 𝒅𝒙.

Solution

Choose 𝑢 = 𝑥 3 − 6, because obtaining the differential in 𝑢 gives us the form we are looking
for. Thus,

𝑑𝑢 = 3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥.

Let us go back to the original expression and see where our substitution fits in.

7
 ∫ 3𝑥 2 (𝑥 3 − 6)5 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(𝑥 3 − 6)5 (3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 ) = ∫ 𝑢5 𝑑𝑢
1 1
= 6 𝑢6 + 𝐶 = (𝑥 3 − 6)6 + 𝐶
6

Example 3. Applying substitution rule to ∫ 𝒆𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝒅𝒙

Use substitution rule to find ∫ 𝒆𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝒅𝒙.

Solution
Let 𝑢 = cos 𝑥, then

𝑑𝑢 = − sin 𝑥𝑑𝑥 ⟺ −𝑑𝑢 = sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥.

Make the substitution

∫ 𝑒 cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 (−𝑑𝑢) = − ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢

= −𝑒 cos 𝑥 + 𝐶.

If you want to check if this answer is right, all you have to do is obtain the derivative
of the antiderivative. Check it out yourself.

Most students who are new to integral calculus are often lost about which substitution
to make. They would be more than happy to know if there is a rule of thumb about how to do
the substitution. The reply to this request would surely disappoint you. There is no rule of
thumb for substitution rule. What will help you here is your familiarity with differentiation
formulas. If you know a lot of them, that will be a big help. To test if your choice of 𝑢 is
correct, you will have to obtain 𝑑𝑢 and check if your choice of 𝑢 and the resulting 𝑑𝑢 fit the
integrand you are working on. Solve more exercises on this module. It is your familiarity
with derivatives and the time you spend using substitution rule which will make integration
easier.

8
 ’s More

Task 4
Direction: Find the antiderivatives of the following functions using substitution rule. Write
your answer with its corresponding solution in your notebook.
1. ∫(5𝑥 + 4)5 𝑑𝑥
2. ∫ 3𝑡 2 (𝑡 3 + 4)5 𝑑𝑡
3. ∫ √4𝑥 − 5𝑑𝑥

I Have Learned

Task 5
Direction: In your notebook, complete the following statements.
1. I have learned that __________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________.

2. I have realized that __________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________.

3. I will apply what I have learned ______________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________.

9
 I Can Do
Task 6
Direction: Find the antiderivative given the function ∫(5𝑥 + 2)7 𝑑𝑥 and its corresponding
solution.

If it was in this form,

∫(5𝑥 + 2)7 𝑑𝑥

So let’s make it so by doing this:

1
∫(5𝑥 + 2)7 5 𝑑𝑥
5

1
The 5 and 5 cancel out so all is fine.

And now we can have 𝑢 = 5𝑥 + 2 and that 𝑑𝑢 = 5𝑑𝑥. Thus,

1 1
∫(5𝑥 + 2)7 ∙ 5 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢7 𝑑𝑢.
5 5

After which, integrate:

1
(𝑢)7 𝑑𝑢 = _________? __________
5

10
Direction: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of the BEST answer. Write it on
your notebook.

1. Let 𝑔 be a differentiable function of 𝑥, and let the range of 𝑔 be an interval [𝑎, 𝑏].
Let 𝑓 be a function defined on [𝑎, 𝑏], 𝐹 is an antiderivative of 𝑓 on [𝑎, 𝑏] and 𝑢 =
𝑔(𝑥). Then the chain rule for antidifferentiation is defined as

a. ∫ 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥 ))𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓 (𝑢)𝑑𝑢 = 𝐹 (𝑢) + 𝐶 = 𝐹(𝑔(𝑥 )) + 𝐶

b. ∫ 𝑓(𝑔′(𝑥 ))𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑢)𝑑𝑢 = 𝐹 (𝑢) + 𝐶 = 𝐹(𝑔′(𝑥 )) + 𝐶
c. ∫ 𝑓(𝑔′(𝑥 ))𝑔(𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓 (𝑢)𝑑𝑢 = 𝐹 (𝑢) + 𝐶 = 𝐹(𝑔′(𝑥 )) + 𝐶
d. ∫ 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥 ))𝑔′(𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓 (𝑢)𝑑𝑢 = 𝐹 (𝑢) + 𝐶 = 𝐹(𝑔(𝑥 )) + 𝐶

2. In evaluating∫ 𝑥 (5 + 2𝑥 2 )3 𝑑𝑥, what would be the substitution for 𝑢?

a. 𝑥
b. 5 + 2𝑥 2
c. 𝑥 (5 + 2𝑥 2 )
d. 𝑥 (5 + 2𝑥 2 )3

3. Evaluate ∫ 𝑥 (5 + 2𝑥 2 )3 𝑑𝑥.
1
a. 4 (5 + 2𝑥 2 )4 + 𝐶
1
b. (5 + 2𝑥 2 )4 + 𝐶
8
1
c. (5 + 2𝑥 2 )4 + 𝐶
12
1
d. (5 + 2𝑥 2 )4 + 𝐶
16
4. In evaluating ∫ 𝑥 2 √1 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 with 𝑢 = √1 + 𝑥, what is 𝑑𝑥 equal to ?
1
a. 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
2
b. 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
c. 2𝑢 𝑑𝑢
3
d. 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
2

5. Evaluate ∫ √2𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥.

1 3⁄
a. (2𝑥 + 1) 2 +𝐶
3
2 3⁄
b. (2𝑥 + 1) 2 +𝐶
3
1 3⁄
c. (2𝑥 + 1) 2 +𝐶
2
1 3⁄
d. (2𝑥 + 1) 2 +𝐶
4

11
 Additional Actities

List down the different formulas of integrals that yield inverse trigonometric functions.

12
13
References

Electronic Reference

Sample exercises

• http://carolynrabbott.com/uploads/3/0/8/1/30819067/substitution_wor
ksheet_solns.pdf
• http://www.mathisfun.com/calculus/integration-by-substitution.html

Book Reference
• Reyes, Juan Apolinario (2016). Basic Calculus. Jumczville Publications,
pp 152-163.

14
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117

Email Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
Website: lrmds.depednodis.net