Republic of the Philippines

SORSOGON STATE UNIVERSITY

Bulan Campus
Bulan, Sorsogon

I. Intended Learning Outcome

At the end of the learning experience, the students should be able to:
a. Identify the difference between the functions of CAN and COULD in
expressing ability and permission,
b. construct examples or sentences using Modals CAN and COULD,
c. determine their abilities during the given activities,
d. cooperate attentively with groupmates.

II. Subject Matter

Grammar in Focus: Functions of Modal Verbs ‘Can’ and ‘Could’ in expressing ability and
permission (EN8G-IIIa-10: use modals appropriately)
Competency: Reading, Listening, Speaking and Writing Skills
Strategy: Collaborative Learning
References: English Quarter 1-Module 3 (2020)
https://youtube.com/c/khanacademy
https://www.fb.com/7ESLLearningEnglish/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SCFdVylBRYo
https://youtu.be/fGMhz756YOc
https://www.grammarly.com/blog/modal-verbs/
Materials /ICT tools & application: PowerPoint Presentation, pictures, laptop, projectors,
Video, Activity Sheets
Time Allotment: 1 hour
III. Procedures

Teacher’s Task Student’s Task

A. Classroom Management
Good afternoon class! Good afternoon, ma’am!

Please stand up for the prayer. In the (Students are praying)

name…

Okay… before you take your seats, please

pick up the trashes around you and arrange Yes, ma’am!
your chairs properly.

That’s enough.

How was your day? Is it good so far? Angelou: ma’am we are good!

That’s great! We will now check your

attendance. Say present if I call your name. Justin: Present!

Justin?
Good thing no one is absent.

Before we start our lesson, can anyone give

me a recap of what we tackled yesterday? (Students are answering in chorus)

Oh! Do not answer in chorus. Raise your

hand.

Yes, Maria? Maria: We discussed about Verbs.

Very good!

And what is the definition of Verbs? Maria: It is a word that describe an action,
state or occurrence.
That’s right! Thank you.

B. Motivation

So, class I want you to listen to this song. (PBB OST is playing)

Are you familiar with this song? Students: Yes, ma’am!

What is this song? Students: It is from PBB.

Yes that’s right. This is the Original Sound

Track of Pinoy Big Brother!

Let’s sing together! (Students are singing)

So now class, it is relevant with our activity

for today.

Let’s just say you have given the opportunity

to be a star and be one of the official
housemates of kuya in PBB edition. Students: Yes, ma’am!
However, you have to tell or show what are
your talents and abilities. Understood?

I will divide the class into 5 groups and each

member should tell present their abilities and
talents. (Students are preparing)

Okay, this will be the group 1,2,3,4, and 5. I

will give you 1 minute to prepare.
(Students are presenting)
Time’s up! Let us start with group 1. Gyle: I think I am qualified to be an official
housemate because I can sing while playing
guitar so I can entertain the other classmates.

(Students continue their presentation)

Class, please listen attentively to your
classmates.

Okay, very good class!!

Students: (cheering and clapping)
So, I think the group that deserves to enter
the house are all groups 1 to 5!
Congratulations!

So now, what did you observed?

May: All of us stated our abilities and talents.
Yes, May?

Alright, obviously you present your talents

and abilities.
what about another observation?

What word did you observe in showing your

abilities?like I can sing. I can dance. I can
write a song.
Lemuel: Ma’am I observed that CAN
Yes, Lemuel? expresses our abilities.

Precisely! The word CAN actually expresses

your abilities.

Does anyone here know what is CAN?

Yes, Angelie? Angelie: Ma’am, It helps the main verb.

Wow. You’re so quick-witted, Angelie!

Excellent!

Now, do you know what verb is right? it has Students: Yes, ma’am!
three types.
Angelie: it is a Modal Verbs, ma’am!
What type of verb CAN belongs to?

Yes! That’s correct! Thank you, Angelie.

(presenting of PowerPoint)

C. Lesson Proper

Ryan, please read the first sentence. Ryan: Modal Verbs or Modal Auxiliary Verbs
are used to express certain hypothetical
conditions such as ability, permission,
(Modal Verbs or Modal Auxiliary Verbs are request, and more.
used to express certain hypothetical
conditions such as ability, permission,
request, and more.)

Thank you, Ryan.

Please read the second sentence, Rafaela. Rafaela: They are used alongside a main
verb to change its meaning slightly. Since
(They are used alongside a main verb to they are helping verbs, they can’t stand
change its meaning slightly. Since they are alone.
helping verbs, they can’t stand alone.)

Thank you, Rafaela.

Here are some of the examples:

Class, please read.

 Can
 Can  Could
 Could  Will
 Will  Would
 Would  Must
 Must  Should
 Should  Ought
 Ought

Okay, thank you so much!

Since there are many Modal Verbs we are

only going to discuss Modals CAN and Students: Yes, ma’am!
COULD. Understood?
So, what is COULD by the way?
Lisa: Ma’am, it is the past tense of CAN.
Very good! COULD is the past tense of CAN.

Let us read the examples.

(CAN AND COULD DIFFERENCES WITH
EXAMPLES)
So, Modal Verb can is in?

Yes, it is in a Present tense Students: Present tense

And could is?

Students: In Past tense
Very good class. Now we know that Can is
used for present happenings and Could is
used for past events and as well as for future
events. Students: Yes, ma’am!

Now let us see how Modal CAN functions.

Consider the difference between these two Consider the difference between these two
examples: examples:

*I swim every Tuesday. *I swim every Tuesday.

*I can swim every Tuesday. *I can swim every Tuesday.

Can anyone explain? What have you (Students are not an answering)
noticed?

What is the difference between the two?

Yes, Ryan? Ryan: ma’am, the second sentence uses

That’s right. the second sentence uses modal modal can.
can.

The first example is a simple factual

statement. The speaker participates in a
swimming activity every week on Tuesdays.

The second example uses the modal verb

Can. Notice the meaning it changes slightly.
The speaker does not swim every Tuesday,
rather he or she is saying that he or she is Students: Yes, ma’am!
capable of swimming every Tuesday if he or
she needs to. It’s hypothetical right?

Who can read this one?

Yes, Jun?
Jun: The modal verb CAN shows whether or
not the subject is able to do something, such
as perform an action or demonstrate an
ability. Likewise, the negative form, cannot or
can’t, shows the subject is unable to do
something
Now take a look at these examples.
For example:

She can speak three languages, but none of

them well.

You can lead a horse to water, but you can’t

make it drink.
So, to conclude, Modals Verb CAN and
COULD together with its negative form
CAN’T and COULDN’T express ability or
inability of something or someone.

Any clarifications?

Good question! How are we going to use Student: Ma’am how do we use Modals in
Modals in constructing a sentence? constructing a sentence?

Modal verb always come directly before the

main verb except for questions. For example,
My mother can clean the house easily.
My mother is the Subject plus the modal verb
CAN plus the main verb which is to clean the
house.

for example:

Ara, Please read the example.

Ara:

1. She can speak three languages;

Spanish, British, and French.
2. My brother could be taller if he sleeps
on time when he was younger.
3. I couldn’t swim since I was in High
School.
4. I can read book while listening to
music.
5. I can’ t talk if my mouth is full.
Okay.. thank you. Any questions or
clarification class?
Okay, class. So, this is how we formulate
sentences using Modals. Understood? Students: Yes, ma’am!
Any questions?
Students: No, ma’am!
Okay.
Let’s have an activity.

Activity 1: Complete the paragraph by filling

the right form of Can and Could.

We will read the text first and answer it orally.

Okay?

“I am a good son/daughter. I ____ help my Students:

mother doing household chores like mapping “I am a good son/daughter. I can help my
the floor, washing the dishes and many more. mother doing household chores like mapping
But, I ____ wash my own clothes since I am the floor, washing the dishes and many more.
allergic to detergent. I remember the day But I can’t wash my own clothes since I am
when I ____ go to school because my hands allergic to detergent. I remember the day
are itchy and stingy. So, my mom rushed me when I couldn’t go to school because my
to the nearest hospital and the doctor gave hands were itchy and stingy. So, my mom
me a medicine. But I am not good in taking rushed me to the nearest hospital and the
medicine so my mom dissolved it with my doctor gave me a medicine. But I am not
milk so I ____ go to school the next morning. good in taking medicine so my mom
dissolved it with my milk so I could go to
Okay. Very good class! school the next morning.

Here’s another activity.

I will read the mechanics

Activity 2: Can you or Can’t you?

Mechanics: students will write about their

abilities by completing sentences on the
worksheet with “I can” or “I can’t”. In pairs,
students then take it in turns to ask about
their partner’s abilities by asking questions
with “Can you….?” (Can you place your right
palm on your right sole?) their partners
replies “Yes, I can” or “No, I can’t”
accordingly. If their partner replies “yes, I
can”, the students ask their partner to
demonstrate the ability if possible.

Find a partner and perform the activity if you

are ready. Prepare now, class. Here’s your
worksheets.

Let us start the presentation. Students will perform by partner.

Class, could please minimize your voice.
There are still classes in other rooms.
Did you enjoy it class?
Want some more? Students: yes, ma’am! It’s chaotic but fun.

Okay, for your last activity. Group yourselves Students are getting excited.
into four.

Activity 3: Fun Ability Test

Mechanics: each member should try to

complete various challenges from the Ability
Chart. Check one by one if you are able to
perform the given ability. Write can or can’t
on the side accordingly. Students then repeat
the procedure for other challenges and
complete the chart. And finally, students
should write a summary of what their group
members can and can’t do and read it to the
class.

Let’s start the presentation with group 1.

Students continuously present their output.
Alright! It’s fun right? I hope you all enjoyed
our activities.

Going back to our lesson.

Did you know that Modals CAN and Could

does not only express Ability? Try to look at
these examples.

Who can read?

Yes. Ari?

Ari: “Can I use your bathroom?”

Does these examples express Ability? “Could I please use your bathroom?

Who can give me their thoughts?

Please raise your hand. Tim?

Tim: Ma’am, it doesn’t express Ability.
Why? Why do you say so?

If it doesn’t express ability, what does it

show?

Let’s analyze the next examples.

Who can read?

Hanna, please read.

Hanna: “Can I borrow your book?”
“Could I borrow your book please?”
So, what have you observed?
Hanna: ma’am it expresses Permission.
Wow! That’s right! you have eyes of an eagle.

Someone is asking for permission to borrow

a book.

So, Modals Can and Could also express

permission as well as doubt, possibility and
request however, our lesson for today will
only focuses to Ability and Permission.

From the given examples, we use Can and

Could in expressing permission. So, which of
the two expresses more polite way of asking
for permission?

Yes, Hoshi?
Hoshi: Ma’am, COULD expresses politeness
Very good! than CAN.

So, what did you observe from the given

examples? Differentiate the two.

Precisely! You’re 100% right.

We obviously use COULD in a polite and

respectful manner.

For example:

(With friend: Can I borrow your pen?

With teachers: Could I please borrow your (With friend: Can I borrow your pen?
pen?) With teachers: Could I please borrow your
pen?)

So, class what did you observe in these

examples?

Kris: we often use CAN with our friends and

family since we can be informal or casual
with them while we use COULD for formal
conversation with teachers, professionals and
someone we do not know.
Great observation, Kris!

I hope that’s all clear to you.

Any questions or clarifications? Students: none ma’am.

D. Generalization

For further understanding, let us watch this

video I downloaded from YouTube. Students are paying attention to video.

What does the video shows?

Who can restate what the video is all about? Ram: we learned about Modal Verbs CAN
and COULD as well as their antonyms, the
Ram? CAN’T and COULDN’T.

Ram: it expresses ability and permission. We

also learned that Could is used in a polite
way of talking such as with teachers and
What are the functions of the two? other professionals.

That’s a great summary! Thank you.

Any additional learnings?

Yes, Jory?
Jory: Modal Verbs or Modal Auxiliary Verbs
are used to express certain hypothetical
conditions such as ability, permission,
request, and more. They are used alongside
a main verb to change its meaning slightly.
Thank you so much for a well-detailed Since they are helping verbs, they can’t stand
summary of the lesson. alone.

Now, Let’s see if you fully understand the

lesson. Don’t worry it won’t take long since
this is just a short quiz.

E. Evaluation

I will read the direction.

Activity 1: Choose the correct form of CAN to

complete each sentence.
I will give you 15 minutes to answer. Please
answer with your hand, not your mouth. If I
hear such noises, I will collect the papers.
Please avoid too much erasures.
Understood? Yes, ma’am.

Exercise 1: Choose the correct form of CAN

to complete each sentence. Activity 1: Choose the correct form of CAN to
complete each sentence.
CAN CAN’T COULD COULDN’T
CAN CAN’T COULD COULDN’T
1. I ____ watch the movie last night. My
TV was broken. 1. I couldn’t watch the movie last night.
2. I ____ open the door last night. The My TV was broken.
key was stuck in it. 2. I couldn’t open the door last night.
3. Mom! ____ hear the storms last The key was stuck in it.
night? 3. Mom! could hear the storms last
4. I enjoyed my trip to Paris because I night?
____ speak a little French. 4. I enjoyed my trip to Paris because I
5. I see that he’s shouting something, could speak a little French.
but I ____hear what he’s saying. 5. I see that he’s shouting something,
6. ____ I borrow you phone for two but I can’t hear what he’s saying.
seconds? Thanks. 6. Can I borrow you phone for two
7. Both my sisters ____ dance Ballet seconds? Thanks.
really well. I think they’ll be famous! 7. Both my sisters can dance Ballet
8. ____ you speak Russian when you really well. I think they’ll be famous!
went to the University in Moscow or 8. Could you speak Russian when you
did you just learn later? went to the University in Moscow or
9. I’m sorry that I ____ attend our did you just learn later?
practice yesterday for I was sick. 9. I’m sorry that I couldn’t attend our
10. Did you know that your father ____ practice yesterday for I was sick.
play football very well when he was a 10. Did you know that your father could
high school student? play football very well when he was a
high school student?
Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks below to
complete the sentences. Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks below to
complete the sentences.
1. I ___ go to the party last night
because I was sick. 1. I couldn’t go to the party last night
2. A: ___ Noel cook Italian food? B: Yes, because I was sick.
he ___. 2. A: Can Noel cook Italian food? B:
3. My sister ___ swim last year, but now Yes, he can
she ___. 3. My sister can swim last year, but now
4. They ___ go shopping yesterday she can’t
because the store was closed. 4. They couldn’t go shopping yesterday
5. A: ___ you read when you were four because the store was closed.
years old? B: Yes, I ___. 5. A: Could you read when you were
6. Ellie ___ ride a bicycle. She rides it to four years old? B: Yes, I could
school every day. 6. Ellie can ride a bicycle. She rides it to
 7. I’m very tired, so I ___ go out to the school every day.
park to play. 7. I’m very tired, so I can’t go out to the
8. A: ___ you please lend me your ears. park to play.
I have important things to say. B: Yes, 8. A: Could you please lend me your
I ___. ears. I have important things to say.
9. ___ I borrow your laptop, I will finish B: No, I can’t
my thesis right away. 9. Can I borrow your laptop Leslie? I will
10. Sunshine and I ____ go to your party finish my thesis right away.
last night, we were both suffered from 10. Sunshine and I couldn’t go to your
headache. party last night, we were both suffered
from headache.

Time’s up! Let us check your works.

Who can answer number 1?

Yes, Bernadeth?

It’s correct! Next number?

Bernadeth: I couldn’t watch the movie last
night. My TV was broken.
(Students continuously giving the right
Okay. Who got a perfect score? answers.)
Ari: me!
Very good class! Hanna: me!

Please pass your papers because I will

record your scores.

Is there any clarifications class?

Do you understand the lesson well? Students: yes, ma’am

F. Assignment
Okay. For your assignment, please search
about the other functions of Modals CAN and
COULD.

Before we dismiss let us pray and bring your

trashes with you.
Okay, ma’am.
Ms. Cula, please lead the prayer.
Cula: in the name of the father….
Please, bring your trashes with you.
Good bye class!
Good bye, ma’am!

PREPARED BY:
JOANNA B. LETADA
BSED-English 4