Implement OSPF in the Service Provider Network

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. SPROUTE v1.01—2-1
 • OSPFv3 is an implementation of the OSPF routing protocol
for IPv6.
• OSPFv2 (for IPv4 networks) and OSPFv3 run independently
on a network device.
• OSPFv3 has the same key capabilities as OSPFv2:
- Multiarea network design with Area Border Routers (ABRs) that
segment the network
- Shortest Path First algorithm for optimum path calculation
- Special area types and sophisticated handling of external routes
- Summarization on area borders simplifies network designs (stub
areas)

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. SPROUTE v1.01—2-2
 The shortest path to the
destination is the lowest
total sum of metrics.

Link-State Database SPF Tree IP Routing Table

Received LSA Run Dijkstra’s Best paths are

updates algorithm placed in the IP
routing table

10.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 13 subnets

O 10.3.1.1 [110/5] via 192.168.22.2, 3d02h, GigabitEthernet0/0/3
O 10.4.1.1 [110/3] via 192.168.22.2, 4d04h, GigabitEthernet0/0/3

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count

10.3.1.1 10.3.1.1 255 0x80000393 0x00CE60 2
10.4.1.1 10.4.1.1 674 0x800000B7 0x009A4F 2

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. SPROUTE v1.01—2-3
 • Link-state routers recognize more information about the network than
their distance vector counterparts.
- Neighbor table (the adjacency database)
- Topology table (the LSDB)
- Routing table (the forwarding database)
• Each router has a full picture of the topology.
• Link-state routers tend to make more accurate decisions.

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. SPROUTE v1.01—2-4
 • ABR: Area Border Router
• Internal router
External Routing Domain
• ASBR: Autonomous System Boundary Router
• Backbone router

OSPF Domain

Area 0 ASBR

Backbone Router Backbone Router

Area 1 Area 2 Area 3 Area 4

ABR ABR ABR ABR

Internal Internal Internal Internal

Routers Routers Routers Routers

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. SPROUTE v1.01—2-5
 • Backbone area—Area 0
• Regular nonbackbone area
• Stubby area or totally stubby area
• Not-so-stubby area (NSSA) or totally NSSA

OSPF Domain
Area 0

Summaries Summaries Default route only Summaries Default route

External routes Default route Default route

Regular Stubby Totally NSSA Totally

Area Area Stubby NSSA
Area

External routes External routes External routes

External Routing Domain

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. SPROUTE v1.01—2-6
 • Link-state routing requires a hierarchical network structure.
• OSPF area characteristics:
- Minimizes routing table entries
- Localizes impact of a topology change (link flapping) within an area
- Detailed LSA flooding stops at area boundary
OSPF Domain

Area 0

Area 1 Area 2 Area 3 Area 4

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. SPROUTE v1.01—2-7
 • Routers find the best paths to destinations by applying the Dijkstra SPF
algorithm to the LSDB.
• The best path is calculated based on the lowest total cost and sent to the routing
table.
R1 Link-State Database R1 Shortest Paths
R1 R2 R1 R2

DIJKSTRA SPF

R3 R4 R3 R4

RESULT
R5 R5
R6 R6
LSAs

R9 R9
R7 R8 R7 R8

R1 Forwarding Database
(Routing Table)
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. SPROUTE v1.01—2-8
 • The Hello protocol is used to define neighbors.
• Adjacency is established.
- Area ID Down

OSPF adjacency states

- Authentication Attempt

- Hello and dead intervals INIT

- Stub area flag Two-way

• Adjacent routers exchange LSAs. Exstart

Exchange
• Each router builds an LSDB using LSAs.
Loading
Full
R1 LSAs exchange R2

LSDBR1 LSDBR2

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. SPROUTE v1.01—2-9
An LSA is more recent if it has Ignore
LSA
the following: LSA
Yes
• A higher sequence number
Is
• A higher checksum number Is entry
in
Yes sequence
number the
• An age equal to the maximum LSDB?
same?
age (poisoning) No No
• A significantly smaller link-state Add to LSDB Is
age (the LSA is significantly Yes sequence
younger) number
Send LSAck higher?
No
Flood LSA
Send LSA with newer
information to source
Run SPF to calculate
new routing table

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. SPROUTE v1.01—2-10
Each LSA in the LSDB maintains a sequence number.
• 4-byte number
• Begins with 0x80000001; ends with 0x7FFFFFFF

OSPF floods each LSA every 30 minutes.

• Each time, the sequence number is incremented by one.
• The LSA with the higher (newer) sequence number is more recent.

Ultimately, a sequence number will wrap around to 0x80000001.

• The existing LSA was prematurely aged to the maximum age (one hour) and
flushed.
Prematurely aged to the
maximum age and flushed

Starting Seq. No. 0x8000 0001 0x8000 0000

…
Reserved Seq. No.
0xFFFF FFFF 0xF777 7777
… … Last Seq. No.

0x0000 0000 0x0000 0001

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. SPROUTE v1.01—2-11
 • Every OSPF router announces a router LSA for those interfaces that it
owns in that area.
• Router with link ID 10.1.10.1 has been updated three times; the last
update was 115 seconds ago.
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:PE1#show ospf database
OSPF Router with ID (10.1.1.1) (Process ID 1)

Router Link States (Area 1)

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count

10.1.1.1 10.1.1.1 114 0x80000001 0x0049c1 1

Router Link States (Area 11)

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count

10.1.1.1 10.1.1.1 114 0x80000002 0x004322 1
10.1.10.1 10.1.10.1 115 0x80000003 0x004ddc 2

CE1 OSPF Area 11 PE1 OSPF Area 1

Lo 0 Lo 0
Gi 0/0 Gi 0/0/0/0
10.1.10.1 10.1.1.1

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. SPROUTE v1.01—2-12
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. SPROUTE v1.01—2-13
Implement OSPF in the Service Provider Network

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. SPROUTE v1.01—2-14
CE1#debug ip ospf packet
OSPF packet debugging is on Type Packet Description
*Aug 16 09:18:53.974: OSPF: rcv. v:2 t:1 l:48 rid:10.1.1.1
Discovers
aid:0.0.0.11 chk:8224 aut:0 auk: from GigabitEthernet0/0 neighbors and
1 Hello
builds adjacencies
between them
Checks for
database
2 DBD
synchronization
between routers
Requests specific
3 LSR link-state records
from another router
Link IP OSPF Link
Sends specifically
Header Header Packet Trailer 4 LSU requested link-state
records
Acknowledges the
5 LSAck
Protocol ID Number 89 other packet types

OSPF Packet
Authen-
Version Packet Router Check- Authen-
Type Area ID tication Data
Number Length ID sum tication
Type

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. SPROUTE v1.01—2-15
 Hello

Hello DBD LSR LSU LSAck

Router ID
• Use of multicast and unicast IP address
Hello and dead intervals*
• Four types of update packets
Neighbors
• LSDB synchronization process
Area ID*
̶ Discover neighbor
Router priority
DR IP address
̶ Establish bidirectional communication
BDR IP address
̶ Elect a designated router, if desired
Authentication password*
̶ Form an adjacency
Stub area flag* ̶ Discover the network routes
* Entries must match on ̶ Update and synchronize link-state databases
neighboring routers

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. SPROUTE v1.01—2-16
 R1 R2 R2
172.16.6.0/24

Gi0/0 172.16.5.1/24 Gi0/1 172.16.5.2/24

No active neighbor detected

Down
Attempt No recent information received from
the neighbor. Send hello packet.
I am router ID 172.16.5.1, and I see no one.
To 244.0.0.5
Hello
Hello packet received
Establishing
INIT
Add 172.16.5.1
Bidirectional to neighbors list
Communication
I am router ID 172.16.5.2, and I see 172.16.5.1.
Unicast to R1
Hello
Add 172.16.5.2
to neighbors list
Two-way The router see itself in the hello
packets coming from a neighbor

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. SPROUTE v1.01—2-17
 R1 R2 R2
172.16.6.0/24

Gi0/0 172.16.5.1/24 Gi0/1 172.16.5.2/24

Master and slave roles determined
Exstart
I will start exchange because I have router ID 172.16.5.1.
DBD
No, I will start exchange because I have a higher router ID.
DBD
Discovering Exchange Database description packets sent
the Network Here is a summary of my LSDB.
Routes DBD
Here is a summary of my LSDB.
DBD
Thanks for the information!
LSAck LSAck
Loading
Exchange of LSRs and LSUs
I need the complete entry for network 172.16.6.0/24
Adding the LSR Here is the entry for network 172.16.6.0/24.
Link-State LSU
Entries Thanks for the information!
LSAck Neighbors fully adjacent
Full

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. SPROUTE v1.01—2-18
 Point-to-point:
▪ A network that joins a single pair of routers
▪ Does not require DR or BDR election
▪ Neighbor is automatically detected
▪ Sends OSPF packets using multicast 224.0.0.5
▪ Default OSPF hello interval is 10 seconds
▪ Default OSPF dead interval is 40 seconds

Broadcast:
▪ DR and BDR selection is required
▪ Other routers form adjacencies with the DR and BDR only
▪ Packets to the DR and BDR use 224.0.0.6
▪ Packets from DR to all other routers use 224.0.0.5
▪ Default OSPF hello interval is 10 seconds
▪ Default OSPF dead interval is 40 seconds

Nonbroadcast multiaccess (NBMA):

▪ Single interface interconnects multiple sites
▪ Without broadcasting capabilities
▪ Default OSPF hello interval is 30 seconds
▪ Default OSPF dead interval is 120 seconds
Point-to-multipoint:
▪ No DR or BDR election
▪ Automatic neighbor discovery
▪ Each adjacency treated as point-to-point

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. SPROUTE v1.01—2-19
 ▪ Hello packets are exchanged via Broadcast
IP multicast.
▪ DR: The router with the highest DROTHER DROTHER DROTHER
OSPF priority
▪ BDR: The router with the second- P=1 P=1 P=0
highest priority value P=3 P=2
▪ OSPF router ID is used as the tie-
breaker.
▪ DR election is nonpre-emptive. DR BDR

▪ OSPF considers NBMA to be like Nonbroadcast

other broadcast media.
▪ DR and BDR need to have fully
meshed connectivity with all other DROTHER
routers, but NBMA networks are not DR
always fully meshed.
DROTHER
▪ DR and BDR each need a list of
neighbors.
▪ OSPF neighbors are not automatically DROTHER
discovered by the router.
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. SPROUTE v1.01—2-20
 • Different interfaces on a router may be assigned different values.
• The default priority is 1. The range is from 0 to 255.
• “0” means the router cannot be the DR or BDR.
• A router that is not the DR or BDR is DROTHER.
• The priority takes effect when the existing DR goes down.

router ospf 1
area 11
interface GigabitEthernet0/0 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0/0
ip ospf priority 2 priority 3

CE1 OSPF Area 11 PE1 OSPF Area 1

Gi 0/0 Gi 0/0/0/0
Lo 0 Lo 0

Gi 0/0/0/1
OSPF Area 0

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. SPROUTE v1.01—2-21
 Nonbroadcast (NBMA)
compliant modes
RFC 2328-

Full-mesh Hello timer: Manual

One subnet Original subnet
partial-mesh 30 seconds DR and BDR

Point-to-multipoint
Hello timer: Automatic
Partial-mesh/star One subnet Generates /32
30 seconds No DR and BDR

Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast
Hello timer: Manual
Partial-mesh/star One subnet Generates /32
30 seconds No DR and BDR
Cisco modes

Broadcast
Full-mesh Hello timer: Automatic
One subnet Original subnet
partial-mesh 10 seconds DR and BDR

Point-to-point
Partial-mesh/star, Hello timer: Automatic
Different subnets Original subnet
using subinterface 10 seconds No DR and BDR

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. SPROUTE v1.01—2-22
 • EoMPLS and Metro Ethernet service does not participate in STP, nor
does it learn MAC addresses.
• Customer routers R1 and R2 exchange Ethernet frames via an interface
or VLAN subinterfaces.
• OSPF behaves the same as on Ethernet.
- OSPF network type = multiaccess broadcast network
- DR and BDR are elected
- Routers form full adjacencies with DR and BDR only

Ethernet
interface or
VLAN
subinterface
L2 MPLS VPN backbone OSPF

R1 PE1 PE2 R2

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. SPROUTE v1.01—2-23
 • Customer routers run OSPF and exchange routing updates with the PE
routers.
- PE routers appear as another router in the customer’s network.
- Service provider routers are hidden from the customer.
- Customer routers are unaware of MPLS VPN.
- Customer and service provider must agree on OSPF parameters.
• Customer routers-to-PE connection can be of any type.
- OSPF behaves per the connection type (point-to-point, broadcast, NBMA)

P2P,
Broadcast,
or NBMA

L2 MPLS VPN backbone

R1 PE1 PE2 R2
OSPF OSPF

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. SPROUTE v1.01—2-24
interface type number router ospf 1
ip ospf priority 0 Define the OSPF area 11
ip ospf network non-broadcast network type interface type number
! network non-broadcast
router ospf 1 Statically define a neighbor 192.168.101.11 priority 0
neighbor 192.168.101.10 neighbor relationship neighbor 192.168.101.21 priority 0

CE1 OSPF
Lo 0 PE1
10.1.10.1 192.168.101.11
CE2 Lo 0
192.168.101.10 10.1.1.1
Lo 0
192.168.101.21
10.2.10.1

RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:PE1#show ospf neighbor

* Indicates MADJ interface
Neighbors for OSPF 1
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
10.2.10.1 0 FULL/DROTHER 00:01:45 192.168.101.21 type number
Neighbor is up for 00:15:41
10.1.10.1 0 FULL/DROTHER 00:01:56 192.168.101.11 type number
Neighbor is up for 00:15:41

Total neighbor count: 2

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. SPROUTE v1.01—2-25
 Leased-line Automatic
Single subnet
emulation No DR and BDR

router ospf 1
area 11
interface GigabitEthernet0/0 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0/0
ip ospf network point-to-point network point-to-point

CE1
OSPF
Lo 0 Gi 0/0 PE1
10.1.10.1 192.168.101.11
Gi 0/0/0/0 Lo 0
192.168.101.10 10.1.1.1

RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:PE1#show ospf interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0/0

GigabitEthernet0/0/0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet Address 192.168.101.10/24, Area 11
Process ID 1, Router ID 10.1.1.1, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 1
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT, MTU 1500, MaxPktSz 1500
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
Hello due in 00:00:03
Index 1/2, flood queue length 0
< text omitted >

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. SPROUTE v1.01—2-26
 Automatic
Partial-mesh/star Single subnet
No DR and BDR

router ospf 1
area 11
interface type number interface type number
ip ospf network point-to-multipoint network point-to-multipoint

CE1
OSPF
Lo 0 PE1
10.1.10.1 192.168.101.11
CE2 Lo 0
Lo 0 192.168.101.10
10.1.1.1
10.2.10.1 192.168.101.21

RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:PE1#show ospf interface type number

type number is up, line protocol is up
Internet Address 192.168.101.10/24, Area 11
Process ID 1, Router ID 10.1.1.1, Network Type POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT, Cost: 1
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT, MTU 1500, MaxPktSz 1500
Timer intervals configured, Hello 30, Dead 120, Wait 120, Retransmit 5
Index 1/2, flood queue length 0
< text omitted >

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. SPROUTE v1.01—2-27
 Manual
Partial-mesh/star Single subnet
No DR and BDR

interface type number

ip ospf network point-to-multipoint non-broadcast
router ospf 1
area 11
interface type number
network point-to-multipoint non-broadcast
neighbor 192.168.101.11
neighbor 192.168.101.21

CE1
OSPF
Lo 0 PE1
10.1.10.1 192.168.101.11
CE2 Lo 0
Lo 0 192.168.101.10 10.1.1.1
10.2.10.1 192.168.101.21
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:PE1#show ospf neighbor
Neighbors for OSPF 1
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
10.1.10.1 0 FULL/ - 00:01:49 192.168.101.11 type number
Neighbor is up for 00:06:18
10.2.10.1 1 FULL/ - 00:01:41 192.168.101.21 type number
Neighbor is up for 00:06:32
Total neighbor count: 2

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. SPROUTE v1.01—2-28
 LSA Type OSPFv2 OSPFv3

1 Router LSAs Router LSAs

2 Network LSAs Network LSAs
3 Summary LSAs Interarea-prefix LSAs for ABRs
4 Summary LSAs Interarea-router LSAs for ASBRs
5 External LSAs AS-external LSAs
6 Multicast OSPF LSAs Group membership LSAs
7 LSAs defined for NSSA Type-7 LSAs
8 External attribute LSAs for BGP Link LSAs
9 Opaque LSAs Intra-area-prefix LSAs
10,11 Opaque LSAs Opaque LSAs

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. SPROUTE v1.01—2-29
 • One router LSA for every router • One network LSA for each
in an area transit broadcast or NBMA
- Includes a list of directly attached network
links
- Includes a list of attached routers
- Links identified by the IP prefix on the transit link
and link type
- Includes a subnet mask of the link
• LSA identified by the router ID of
the originating router • Advertised by the DR
• Floods within its area only; does • Floods within its area only; does
not cross an ABR not cross an ABR
Link Type Description Link ID
Point-to-point connection to Neighboring OSPF Area 1
1
another router router ID

2
Connection to a transit IP address of DR
network DR Type 1 Router
Connection to a stub IP network or
3 Type 2 Network
network subnet number
Neighboring
4 Virtual link
router ID

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. SPROUTE v1.01—2-30
 • LSA type 3 used to flood • LSA type 4 used to advertise a
network information to areas metric to the ASBR, which is
outside the originating area used for path selection
• Describes the network number • Contains the router ID of the
and mask of the link ASBR
• Advertised for every subnet and
not summarized, by default
Advertised by the ABR of the Regenerated by all
originating area subsequent ABRs

External AS OSPF Area 1 OSPF Area 0 OSPF Area 2

Type 1 Type 3 Type 3

ASBR
ABR ABR
Type 1 Type 4 Type 4

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. SPROUTE v1.01—2-31
 • LSA type 5 (external LSA) used to • LSA type 7 (NSSA external LSA)
advertise networks from other used to advertise networks from
autonomous systems other ASs injected into the NSSA
• Flooded throughout the entire AS • Same format as a type 5 external
• Advertising router ID (ASBR) LSA
unchanged throughout the AS • Translated to LSA type 5 on the
• Type 4 LSA is needed to find the NSSA ABR, then propagated as
ASBR LSA type 5 by subsequent ABR
Advertised and owned by the
originating ASBR

OSPF Area 1 OSPF Area 0 OSPF Area 2

External AS

Type 5 Type 5 Type 5

ASBR

ABR ABR
ASBR Type 5 Type 5
Type 7 OSPF Area 10 NSSA
Advertised by the ABR of the
originating area
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. SPROUTE v1.01—2-32
 router ospf 1
area 0
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0/1
area 1
router ospf 1 interface Loopback0
log-adjacency-changes area 11
network 10.1.10.1 0.0.0.0 area 11 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0/0
network 192.168.101.11 0.0.0.0 area 11

CE1 OSPF Area 11 PE1 OSPF Area 1

Gi 0/0 Gi 0/0/0/0
Lo 0 Lo 0
192.168.101.11 192.168.101.10
10.1.10.1 10.1.1.1
Gi 0/0/0/1 192.168.112.10
OSPF Area 0

RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:PE1#show ospf database

OSPF Router with ID (10.1.1.1) (Process ID 1)

Router Link States (Area 0) LSA Type 1 from Area 0

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count
10.1.1.1 10.1.1.1 223 0x80000001 0x0069d3 1

Net Link States (Area 11) LSA Type 2 from Area 11

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum

192.168.101.11 10.1.10.1 56 0x8000002c 0x006794

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. SPROUTE v1.01—2-33
 CE1 OSPF Area 11 PE1 OSPF Area 1
Gi 0/0 Gi 0/0/0/0
Lo 0 Lo 0
192.168.101.11 192.168.101.10
10.1.10.1 10.1.1.1
Gi 0/0/0/1 192.168.112.10

Gi 0/0/1
OSPF Area 12 192.168.112.20
Gi 0/0 Gi 0/0/0 Lo 0
Lo 0
192.168.102.21 192.168.102.20 10.2.1.1
10.2.10.1
PE2 OSPF Area 0
CE1

RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:PE1#show ospf database

OSPF Router with ID (10.1.1.1) (Process ID 1)

Summary Net Link States (Area 0) LSA Type 3 from Area 0

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum

10.1.1.1 10.1.1.1 1614 0x80000003 0x007ca3
10.1.10.1 10.1.1.1 1614 0x80000003 0x0023f2
10.2.10.1 10.2.1.1 205 0x80000001 0x001303
192.168.101.0 10.1.1.1 1614 0x80000003 0x00134b
192.168.102.0 10.2.1.1 205 0x80000001 0x00045a

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. SPROUTE v1.01—2-34
 External AS CE1 OSPF Area 11 PE1 OSPF Area 1
Gi 0/0 Gi 0/0/0/0
100.0.0.1/24 Lo 0
10.1.10.1 192.168.101.11 192.168.101.10
10.1.1.1
router ospf 1 Gi 0/0/0/1 192.168.112.10
redistribute connected subnets
Gi 0/0/1
OSPF Area 12 NSSA 192.168.112.20
Gi 0/0 Gi 0/0/0 Lo 0
200.0.0.1/24
10.2.10.1 192.168.102.21 192.168.102.20 10.2.1.1
router ospf 1 OSPF Area 0
CE2 PE2
area 12 nssa

RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:PE1#show ospf database

OSPF Router with ID (10.1.1.1) (Process ID 1)
Summary ASB Link States (Area 0) LSA Type 4 from Area 0

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum

10.1.10.1 10.1.1.1 1477 0x80000001 0x000f09

Re-originated Type-5 AS External Link States LSA Type 5

by ABR (PE2)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Tag
100.0.0.0 10.1.10.1 1454 0x80000001 0x00ed3d 0
200.0.0.0 10.2.1.1 1267 0x80000001 0x002394 0

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. SPROUTE v1.01—2-35
 OSPF interarea (summary LSA):
▪ Networks from outside the area of the router, but within the OSPF autonomous system
▪ Advertised by means of summary LSAs

RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:PE1#show route ospf

O IA 10.1.10.1/32 [110/2] via 192.168.101.11, 00:31:01, GigabitEthernet0/0/0/0
O IA 10.2.10.1/32 [110/3] via 192.168.112.20, 01:48:41, GigabitEthernet0/0/0/1
O IA 192.168.102.0/24 [110/2] via 192.168.112.20, 01:48:41, GigabitEthernet0/0/0/1
O E2 200.0.0.0/24 [110/15] via 192.168.112.20, 01:26:31, GigabitEthernet0/0/0/1

Type 1 or type 2 external routes:

▪ Networks outside of the autonomous system of the router
▪ Advertised by means of external LSAs
CE1 PE1

CE1#show ip route ospf

< text omitted > OSPF intra-area router LSA and network LSA:
10.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 3 subnets
▪ Networks from within the area of the router
O IA 10.1.1.1 [110/2] via 192.168.101.10, 00:31:56, GigabitEthernet0/0
O IA ▪ Advertised
10.2.10.1 [110/4] via 192.168.101.10, 00:31:56,by means of router LSA and network LSAs
GigabitEthernet0/0
O IA 192.168.102.0/24
[110/3] via 192.168.101.10, 00:31:56, GigabitEthernet0/0
O 192.168.112.0/24
[110/2] via 192.168.101.10, 00:31:56, GigabitEthernet0/0
O E2 200.0.0.0/24 [110/15] via 192.168.101.10, 00:34:37, GigabitEthernet0/0
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. SPROUTE v1.01—2-36
 R1 cost to external AS OSPF Domain

External AS E1 (cost 33)

T1(cost 30) E1 or E2
Gi(cost 1) E2 (cost 30)
R5 R3
Gi(cost 1) R4 Gi(cost 1)
R7 R1
T1(cost 30) Gi(cost 1) R2 Gi(cost 1)
R6
E1 (cost 32)
E1 or E2

E2 (cost 30)

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. SPROUTE v1.01—2-37
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. SPROUTE v1.01—2-38