DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMM. ENGG.

B.I.T. MESRA, RANCHI

EE 4105 NETWORK THEORY

Module – 1:

Network Theorem :
Substitution theorem, Tellegen's theorem, Reciprocity theorem.
(3)
Text Book:

1. “Network Theory & Filter Design”, V.K. Aatre

Module – 2:

Network Topology :
Definition and properties, Matrices of Graph, Network Equations & Solutions : Node and Mesh
transformation, Generalized element, Source transformation, Formulation of network equations,
Network with controlled sources, Transform networks, Properties of network matrices, Solution
of equations. Linear time-invariant networks, Evaluation of initial conditions, Frequency and
impedance scaling.
(10)
Text Book:

1. “Network Theory & Filter Design”, V.K. Aatre

Module – 3:

Multi-terminal Networks :
Natural frequency, Network functions, Two-port parameters, Equivalent networks.
(6)
Text Book:

1. “Network Theory & Filter Design”, V.K. Aatre

Module – 4:

Elements of Network Synthesis :

Positive real function, Reactance functions, RC functions, RL Network, Two-port functions,
Minimum phase networks. (7)

Text Book:

1. “Network Theory & Filter Design”, V.K. Aatre

Module – 5:

Approximation :
Filter specifications, Butterworth approximation, Chebyshev approximation, Comparison
between Butterworth and chebyshev transfer functions. (6)

Text Book:

1. “Network Theory & Filter Design”, V.K. Aatre

Module – 6:

Bandpass filter approximation, Frequency transformation, Insertion Loss Synthesis :

Co-efficient matching technique, Darlington's method. (6)

Text Book:

1. “Network Theory & Filter Design”, V.K. Aatre

Module – 7:

Active networks and filters :

Active elements, Single amplifier filters, State variable realization, All pass and notch filter,
Higher order filter. (7)

Text Book:

1. “Network Theory & Filter Design”, V.K. Aatre

Reference Book:

1. “Introduction to Modern Network Synthesis” ,M.E. Van Valkenberg,

2. “Electric Network Theory” ,Balabanian, N. and T.A. Bickart, “Electric Network Theory”, John
Wiley & Sons, New York, 1969.
3. Network Analysis and Synthesis, ”C. L. Wadhwa,”
 TUTORIAL

EE 4105 NETWORK THEORY

1. For the network shown in fig. (1) write down the tieset matrix and obtain the network
equilibrium equation in matrix form using KVL. Calculate loop currents and also branch
voltages.

2. Draw oriented graph of the circuit shown in fig. (2), write the network equilibrium equation
using KVL.

3. Do same as Q. (2) for the circuit in fig. (3).

4. For fig. (4), draw the oriented graph. Write the cut-set schedule and hence obtain the
equilibrium equation on loop basis. Calculate the values of branch voltages and current.

5. Calculate the branch voltages and branch currents using the voltage variable (node-
basis) method, for the circuit shown in fig. (5).

6. Draw the graph of the network shown in fig. (6). Formulate the f-cutset matrix. Write the
equilibrium equation in matrix form on node basis.

7. Define the following terms w.r.t. a linear graph : (i) tree (ii) co-tree (iii) links (iv) twigs (v)
linear graph (vi) forest (vii) co-forest (viii) f-cutset (ix) f-matrix (x) rank of a graph.

8. Draw the graph of the circuit in fig. (7). Select a tree and construct f-circuit matrix. Use
this f-circuit matrix to obtain the loop impedance parameter matrix.

9. Branch current and loop current relations are expressed in matrix form. Draw the
oriented graph. Refer to table I.

10. The f-cutset matrix is given in table II. Draw oriented graph.

11. Give the incidence matrix (table III), draw oriented graph.

12. The incidence matrix is given in table IV, draw oriented graph.

13. The branch current and loop current relations are expressed in the matrix form (as in
table v) draw oriented graph.

14. The f-cutset matrix is given in table VI, draw the oriented graph of the network.

15. (a) Obtain network equilibrium equations using loop basis and node basis. Mention all

the assumptions made.

(b) Explain v-shift and i-shift.

16. Show that graphs shown in fig. (8) are isomorphic.

17. Draw the directed oriented graph of the network shown in fig. (9). Select a tree, write the
cut-set matrix, branch admittance matrix and node-pair equations.
18. Write down the augmented incidence matrix for the network shown in fig. (10).

19. Write down the augmented loop matrix for the network shown in fig. (11).

20. Write down the fundamental loop matrix for the network shown in fig. (12).

21. For the network of fig. (13), write down the independent node equations in matrix form.

22. Consider the network shown in fig. (14). Let

C1=C3 = ½ F, R2= 1, R5= 2.2 
L4= 1H , L6= 2H, vc1(0)= 1v, vc3(0)=0, ic4(0)= 1A and ic6(0)=0
find (a) Ib= [i1 i2 i3 i4 i5 i6] T
(b) vb= [v1 v2 v3 v4 v5 v6] T

23. Consider the network shown in fig. (15). Let the resistors be 1 , the capacitor 1F and
the inductor 1H.
find (a) Ib= [i1 i2 i3 i4 i5 i6] T
(b) vb= [v1 v2 v3 v4 v5 v6] T

24. Find all the cut-sets for an arbitrary tree of the network of fig. (16).

25. For the network shown in fig. (17): (a) Write down the augmented incidence matrix, (b)
Indicate the number of loops, (c) Write down the independent node equations in matrix
form.

26. For the network shown in fig. (18), let

(a) Write down the incidence matrix and the f-loop matrix,
(b) Write down the branch voltage-current relations in matrix form,
(c) Use the matrices found in (a) and (b) to set up matrix equations that can be solved
for all the branch currents and branch voltages,
(d) Solve the equation obtained in (c).
27. Verify Tellegen's theorem for the circuit shown in fig. (19).

28. Verify Tellegen's theorem for the network shown in fig. (20).
It is given that:
v1= 4 , v2=2, v3=2, v4=3, v5= -1, v6= -6
i1= 2 , i2=2, i3=4, i4=-2, i5= -6, i6= 4

29. Branch AB of fig. 21(a) is to be replaced by a voltage generator with a series impedance
of j2 ohm as in fig. (21) (b) without altering the circuit response. Determine the voltage of
the generator, E' of fig. 21(b).

30. Show that in the circuit of fig. 22(a), the positions of the excitation E(s) and response I(s)
may be interchanged without affecting the ratio I(s)/E(s), as that in fig. 22(b).
31. Show that the low frequency circuit model of a common-emitter transistor amplifier,
shown in fig. (23) is not reciprocal.

32. In fig. (24), a linear, time-invariant, passive, two port network N is shown with two
different external connections and two corresponding sets of part currents and voltages.
Use Tellegen's theorem to show that
V1’I1’’+V2’I2’’ = V1’’I1’+V2’’I2’
33. The following measurements have been made on the resistive network N of fig. (25).

V1’=12, I1’= 3A, V2’=3V, I2’= -1.5A, R2’= 2

Use the reciprocity relation V1’I1’’+V2’I2’’ = V1’’I1’+V2’’I2’ to find the power dissipated in R”
when the conditions are changed to V1" = 22 V, I1" = 5A and R" = 4 ohm.

34. Show that the network shown in fig. (26) is reciprocal.

35. For the network shown in fig. (27), verify the reciprocity property. Take Z L=5 ohm,
V (t) = t.uo(t).

36. Consider the network shown in fig. (28), determine whether the network is reciprocal.

37. Determine whether the network shown in fig. (29) is reciprocal.

38. Show that the small-signal equivalent circuit of the common-emitter transistor, shown in
fig. (30) is non-reciprocal.
39. Using substitution theorem, derive (a) Thevenin's equivalent network, (b) Norton's
equivalent network, for the network shown in fig. (31).

40. Show that for a reciprocal two-part network h12(s) = - h21(s)

41. Determine the y-parameters of the network of fig. (32) and then draw its equivalent
circuit.

42. The following test results were obtained with sinusoidal excitation, w = 10 rad/sec.:

a) Port 2 open circuited, port 1 excited:

I1 = 10-30 A, V1 = 1.52450 V, V2 = 2.20280 V

b) Port 1 open-circuited, port 2 excited:

I2 = 10-300 A, V1 = 1.075-900 V, V2 = 1.31-550 V
i) Find the Z-parameters of the network (ii) Draw an appropriate equivalent network.

43. Find the input and output impedances of an amplifier having

if it is driven by source having an internal resistance of 4 ohm and is terminated in a load
which draws its maximum power from the amplifier.
h11= , h12= 1, h21= 5 and h22= 2
44. For the -network of fig. (33), find the ABCD constants.
45. In the circuit of fig. (34), v (t) = 4/2 sin (3t + 30 o) V; i(t) = 0.8/2 cos (5t - 10 o) A; Compute
the average power consumed by the load connected at terminals a-b.

46. For the two port network shown in a block form as in fig. (35), the Z-parameters are :
Z11 = 200 ohm, Z12 = -800 ohm, Z21 = 1200 ohm, Z22 = 16 k.
a) If RL = 8 k, find the voltage across it.
b) Find the equivalent y-parameters.

47. For the loaded two-port network of fig. (36), show that the voltage gain is given by
A= V2/V1= Z21RL/(dcRz+ z11RL) where z= [z11z22-z12z21]

48. Find the y-parameters of the two port network of fig. (36), (a) by short-circuiting and
exciting suitable ports and (b) by finding the current supplied by sources V 1 and V2.

49. For the network of fig. (37), find Zin for one-port network by determining Y's, Yin and then

Zin.

50. A 50 Hz transmission line has a total series impedance of (40 + j125)  and a total
capacitive shunt admittance of 10-3 mho. The receiving end load is 16.67 MW at 127 KV
with 0.8 lagging p.f. Find the sending end voltage, current and power using nominal 
approximation of the line as in fig. (38). Also find the receiving end voltage when the load
is thrown off.

51. Find Z-parameters for the two-port network shown in fig. (39).

52. Find the Z-parameters for the two-port network shown in fig. (30).

53. Calculate the short-circuit admittance parameters for the transformer circuit considered in
fig. (39).

54. Find the ABCD parameters of the network shown in fig. (40).

55. Find the hybrid-parameters for the network shown in fig. (40).

56. For the two-port network described by the h-parameter and load with RL as in fig.
41, find the voltage gain GV = V2/V1.

57. A series R-L circuit with R = 50 , L = 10 H has a constant voltage V = 100 V applied at
t = 0 by closing a switch. Find (i) the equations for i, V R and VL (ii) the current at t = 0.5
sec and (iii) the time at which VR = VL.

58. Consider the circuit shown in fig. (42). Assume that i L1(o) = I1, and iL2(o) = I2. Find iR(t)
for t  0.

59. For the circuit shown in figure (43), assume i L(o) = iR(o) = 0, and Vc(o) = 2 volts.
Calculate iL(o), iR(o), Vc(o), dvc(t)/dt|t=0+ and dic(t)/dt|t=0+.
60. (a) For a circuit shown in fig. (44), switch S is closed at t = 0. Determine the initial values of i,
di/dt and d2i/dt2. Assume steady state conditions before the switch is closed.
(b) In the circuit shown in fig.(45), switch S is closed at t = 0. Determine the initial value
of i, di/dt, d2i/dt2.