1.

(Exercise on retrieving records from the table)

EMPLOYEES (Employee_Id, First_Name, Last_Name, Email, Phone_Number, Hire_Date,
Job_Id, Salary, Commission_Pct, Manager_Id, Department_Id)
( a) Find out the employee id, names, salaries of all the employees
( b) List out the employees who works under manager 100
( c) Find the names of the employees who have a salary greater than or equal to 4800
( d) List out the employees whose last name is ‘AUSTIN’
( e) Find the names of the employees who works in departments 60,70 and 80
( f ) Display the unique Manager_Id.

2. (Exercise on updating records in table)

Create Client_master with the following fields(ClientNO, Name, Address, City, State, bal_due)
( a ) Insert five records
( b ) Find the names of clients whose bal_due> 5000 .
( c ) Change the bal_due of ClientNO “ C123” to Rs. 5100
( d ) Change the name of Client_master to Client12 .
( e ) Display the bal_due heading as “BALANCE”

3. Rollback and Commit commands

Create Teacher table with the following fields(Name, DeptNo, Date of joining, DeptName,
Location, Salary)
( a ) Insert five records
( b ) Give Increment of 25% salary for Mathematics Department .
( c ) Perform Rollback command
( d ) Give Increment of 15% salary for Commerce Department
( e ) Perform commit command

4 . (Exercise on order by and group by clauses)

Create Sales table with the following fields( Sales No, Salesname, Branch, Salesamount, DOB)
( a ) Insert five records
( b ) Calculate total salesamount in each branch
( c ) Calculate average salesamount in each branch .
( d ) Display all the salesmen, DOB who are born in the month of December as day in
character format i.e. 21-Dec-09
( e ) Display the name and DOB of salesman in alphabetical order of the month.

5. Create an Emp table with the following fields:

(EmpNo, EmpName, Job,Basic, DA, HRA,PF, GrossPay, NetPay)
(Calculate DA as 30% of Basic and HRA as 40% of Basic)
( a ) Insert Five Records and calculate GrossPay and NetPay.
( b ) Display the employees whose Basic is lowest in each department .
( c ) If NetPay is less than <Rs. 10,000 add Rs. 1200 as special allowances .
 ( d ) Display the employees whose GrossPay lies between 10,000 & 20,000
( e ) Display all the employees who earn maximum salary .

6. Employee Database
An Enterprise wishes to maintain a database to automate its operations. Enterprise is divided into
certain departments and each department consists of employees. The following two tables
describes the automation schemas
Dept (deptno, dname, loc)
Emp (empno, ename, job, mgr, hiredate, sal, comm, deptno)
a) Update the employee salary by 15%, whose experience is greater than 10 years.
b) Delete the employees, who completed 30 years of service.
c) Display the manager who is having maximum number of employees working under him?
d) Create a view, which contain employee names and their manager

7. Using Employee Database perform the following queries

a) Determine the names of employee, who earn more than their managers.
b) Determine the names of employees, who take highest salary in their departments.
c) Determine the employees, who are located at the same place.
d) Determine the employees, whose total salary is like the minimum Salary of any
department.
e) Determine the department which does not contain any employees.

8. Consider the following tables namely “DEPARTMENTS” and “EMPLOYEES” Their

schemas are as follows,
Departments ( dept _no , dept_ name , dept_location );
Employees ( emp_id , emp_name , emp_salary,dept_no);
a) Develop a query to grant all privileges of employees table into departments table
b) Develop a query to grant some privileges of employees table into departments table
c) Develop a query to revoke all privileges of employees table from departments table
d) Develop a query to revoke some privileges of employees table from departments table
e) Write a query to implement the save point.

9. Using the tables “DEPARTMENTS” and “EMPLOYEES” perform the following

queries
a) Display the employee details, departments that the departments are same in both the emp
and dept.
b) Display the employee name and Department name by implementing a left outer join.
c) Display the employee name and Department name by implementing a right outer join.
d) Display the details of those who draw the salary greater than the average salary.
10. Write a PL/SQL program to demonstrate Exceptions.
11. Write a PL/SQL program to demonstrate Cursors.
12. Write a PL/SQL program to demonstrate Functions.
13. Write a PL/SQL program to demonstrate Packages.
14. Write PL/SQL queries to create Procedures.
15. Write PL/SQL queries to create Triggers.
 B.Sc. (Computer Science) 
II Year / III Semester 
PRACTICAL PAPER ­ III 
Course Name: SQL Lab (Oracle 10g XE) 
Course Code : BS.06.201.13.T 

Lab Practical No.1

Question:
1. (Exercise on retrieving records from the table) EMPLOYEES (Employee_Id, First_Name, 
Last_Name, Email, Phone_Number, Hire_Date, Job_Id, Salary, Commission_Pct, 
Manager_Id, Department_Id) 
( a) Find out the employee id, names, salaries of all the employees 
( b) List out the employees who works under manager 100 
( c) Find the names of the employees who have a salary greater than or equal to 4800 
( d) List out the employees whose last name is ‘AUSTIN’ 
( e) Find the names of the employees who works in departments 60,70 and 80
( f ) Display the unique Manager_Id

Employees table:

1. create an employee’s table with the following fields:

(Emp_id,First_name,Last_name,Phone_No,Hire_date,Job_id,Emp_Salary,Comission_Pct,manager
_id,Department_id)

Query:
create table Employees (Emp_id NUMBER(6),First_name CHAR(25),Last_name
CHAR(20),Phone_No NUMBER(12),Hire_date DATE,Job_Id NUMBER(5),Emp_Salary
NUMBER(7),Comission_Pct NUMBER(5),manager_id NUMBER(5),Department_id
NUMBER(5));

2. Insert five records into the table employees:

Query:

SQL> insert into employees values(47401,'Rama','Rao',8965324170,'28-Jan-

2003',301,60000,601,100,60);

1 row created.

SQL> insert into employees values(47402,'Ranga','Reddy',7020321450,'23-Jun-

2004',302,56464,602,101,70);

1 row created.
SQL> insert into employees values(47403,'Raja','Shekhar',9848002255,'12-aug-
2004',303,58451,603,103,80);

1 row created.

SQL> insert into employees values(47404,'Ravi',' AUSTIN ',9701811356,'30-sep-

2006',304,36520,604,100,90);

1 row created.

SQL> insert into employees values(47405,'Ranga','Raju',9032553262,'17-May-

2014',305,2568,605,105,60);

1 row created.

SQL> Select * from Employees;

3. Display the table Employees :

Query:
sql>select * from employees;

a) Find out the employee id, names, salaries of all the employees
Query:
sql>select Emp_id,First_Name,Last_Name,Emp_Salary from employees;

b) List out the employees who works under manager 100
Query:
sql>select * from employees where manager_id=100;

c) Find the names of the employees who have a salary greater than or equal to 4800
Query:
sql>select * from employees where EMP_SALARY>=4800;

d) List out the employees whose last name is ‘AUSTIN’

Query:
sql>select * from employees where Last_Name='AUSTIN ';

e) Find the names of the employees who works in departments 60,70 and 80 
Query: sql>select * from employees where DEPARTMENT_ID IN(60,70,80);

f) Display the unique Manager_Id from employees table

Query:
sql>select DISTINCT(MANAGER_ID) from employees;
Lab Practical No: 2
Question:

(Exercise on updating records in table)Create Client_master with the following fields(ClientNO, 
Name, Address, City, State, bal_due) 
( a ) Insert five records
( b ) Find the names of clients whose bal_due> 5000 .
( c ) Change the bal_due of ClientNO “ C123” to Rs. 5100
( d ) Change the name of Client_master to Client12 .
( e ) Display the bal_due heading as “BALANCE” Client master table:

1. create a client master table with attributes

(Client_no,Client_Name,Client_Address,Client_City,Client_State,Balance_Due)

Query:
create table Client_Master(Client_no varchar(6),Client_Name char(25),Client_Address
varchar(25),Client_City varchar(20),Client_State varchar(20),Balance_Due number(20));

a) insert five records into the Client_Master

Query:
sql>insert INTO CLIENT_MASTER Values('C123','Ramesh','L B Nagar', 'Hyderabad',
'Telangana', 7000);
sql>insert INTO CLIENT_MASTER Values('C124', 'Suresh', 'Dilsuknagar', 'Hyderabad',
'Telangana',6000);
sql>insert INTO CLIENT_MASTER Values('C125','Vignesh','Saroor nagar', 'Hyderabad',
'Telangana',3500);
sql>insert INTO CLIENT_MASTER Values('C126','Rajiv','A S Rao Nagar','Hyderabad',
'Telangana',4500);
sql>insert INTO CLIENT_MASTER Values('C127','Ranga', 'Vanasthalipuram','Hyderabad',
'Telangana',5478);

1. Display Client Master Table

Query: sql>select * from Client_Master;

b) Find the name of Clients whose balance_due >5000

Query: sql>select Client_Name from Client_Master where Balance_Due>5000;

c) Change the bal_due of ClientNO “ C123” to Rs. 5100

Query: sql>update Client_Master set Balance_Due=5100 where Client_No='C123';

d ) Change the name of Client_master to Client12 .
Query: sql>rename Client_Master to Client12;

e ) Display the bal_due heading as “BALANCE” Client master table:

Query: sql> select Client_No, Balance_Due Balance from Client_Master

Lab Practical No: 3

Question:

Rollback and Commit commands 
Create Teacher table with the following fields(Name, DeptNo, Date of joining, DeptName, 
Location, Salary) 
( a ) Insert five records
( b ) Give Increment of 25% salary for Mathematics Department .
( c ) Perform Rollback command
( d ) Give Increment of 15% salary for Commerce Department
( e ) Perform commit command

Create Teacher table with the following fields(Id,Name, DeptNo, Date of joining, DeptName, 
Location, Salary) 

Query :

SQL> create table teacher(Id number(2) primary key, name varchar2(20) not null, Deptno
number(2) not null, Deptname varchar2(20) not null, joinDate date not null, location varchar2(20)
not null, salary number(10,2) not null);

( a ) Insert five records 

SQL> insert into teacher values(10,'kiran',4,'computer science', '03­Jun­2003', 'hyderabad', 
50000); 
SQL> insert into teacher values(11,'ramu',5,'mathematics', '13­Jul­2008', 'hyderabad', 40000); 
SQL> insert into teacher values(12,'raju',6,'commerce', '23­Dec­2005', 'abids', 30000); 
SQL> insert into teacher values(13,'manirathnam',6,'commerce', '18­Dec­2006', 'abids', 30000); 
SQL> insert into teacher values(14,'sita',6,'commerce', '28­Aug­2016', 'kingkoti', 23000); 

( b ) Give Increment of 25% salary for Mathematics Department . 

Sql> update teacher set salary= salary+(salary * 0.25) where Deptname= ‘mathematics';

( c ) Perform Rollback command 
Sql>rollback; 
( d ) Give Increment of 15% salary for Commerce Department 
Sql> update teacher set salary= salary+(salary * 0.15) where Deptname= ‘commerce';

( e ) Perform commit command 

Sql>commit; 
Lab Practical No: 4
Question:

4 . (Exercise on order by and group by clauses) Create Sales table with the following fields( Sales 
No, Salesname, Branch, Salesamount, DOB) 
( a ) Insert five records 
( b ) Calculate total salesamount in each branch 
( c ) Calculate average salesamount in each branch . 
( d ) Display all the salesmen, DOB who are born in the month of December as day in character 
format i.e. 21­Dec­09  
( e ) Display the name and DOB of salesman in alphabetical order of the month.

Sales Table:

Create a Sales Table with the following fields

(Sales_No,Sales_Name,Branch,Sales_Amount,DOB)

Query:

Sql> Create Table Sales(Sales_No number(5),Sales_Name char(25),Branch char(25),

Sales_Amount number(10), DOB Date);

( a ) Insert five records
( b ) Calculate total salesamount in each branch 
( c ) Calculate average salesamount in each branch . 
( d ) Display all the salesmen, DOB who are born in the month of December as day in character 
format i.e. 21­Dec­09  
( e ) Display the name and DOB of salesman in alphabetical order of the month.

Query:
Sql> insert into Sales VALUES(1020,'AutoMobiles','Hyderabad',68452,'28-JUL-1985');
Sql> insert into Sales VALUES(1021,'Electronics','Secunderabad',47850,'22-DEC-1995');
Sql> insert into Sales VALUES(1022,'Electronics','Secunderabad',44500,'03-JUN-1986');
Sql> insert into Sales VALUES(1023,'AutoMobiles','Hyderabad',74200,'28-SEP-1996');
Sql> insert into Sales VALUES(1024,'AutoMobiles','Hyderabad',54500,'28-OCT-1984');
 Display the Sales table:
Query: sql>select * from Sales;

( b ) Calculate total salesamount in each branch 

Query: sql>select branch, sum(Sales_Amount) from sales group by Branch;

( c ) Calculate average salesamount in each branch . 
Query:
selectbranch,avg(Sales_Amount) from sales group by Branch;

( d ) Display all the salesmen, DOB who are born in the month of December as day in character 
format i.e. 21­Dec­09  

Query:
SQL> select Sales_Name, DOB from sales where SUBSTR(DOB,4,3)='DEC';

( e ) Display the name and DOB of salesman in alphabetical order of the month.

Query:
sql>select Sales_Name,to_char(DOB,'MONTH') from sales Order by to_Char(DOB,'Day');

Lab Practical No: 5

Question:

5. Create an Emp table with the following fields:(EmpNo, EmpName, Job,Basic, DA, HRA,PF,
GrossPay, NetPay)
(Calculate DA as 30% of Basic and HRA as 40% of Basic)
( a ) Insert Five Records and calculate GrossPay and NetPay.
( b ) Display the employees whose Basic is lowest in each department .
( c ) If NetPay is less than <Rs. 10,000 add Rs. 1200 as special allowances .
( d ) Display the employees whose GrossPay lies between 10,000 & 20,000
( e ) Display all the employees who earn maximum salary .

Employee Table

create an employee table with the following fields:

(Emp_No,Emp_ Name, Designation, basic, DA, HRA, PF, Gross pay, Net pay);
Query:
Sql> create table Employee (Emp_No number(6) primary key, Emp_Name char(25) not null ,
Designation varchar(25),Emp_Basic number(10,2));
( a ) Insert Five Records and calculate GrossPay and NetPay.
Query:
insert into Employee values(4019,'Talatam Venkatesh','Director',10000);
insert into Employee values(4039,'Gumaa','Technical Engineer',15000);
insert into Employee values(4015,'Anudeep Varma','Technical Engineer',12000);
insert into Employee values(4016,'I Vasudeva Varma','Technical Engineer',13000);
insert into Employee values(4027,'Uday Reddy','Director',16000);
insert into Employee values(4006,'Sai Mani','Director',10000);

#Updating Attributes DA, HRA, PF, Gross pay, Net Pay ?

# Adding coloumn to table and Updating Attributes DA

Sql>alter table employeeadd(Emp_DA number(6));

Sql>update Employeeset Emp_DA=(30/100)*Emp_Basic;

# Adding coloumn to table and Updating Attributes HRA

Sql>alter table employee add(Emp_HRA number(6));

update Employee set Emp_HRA=(40/100)*Emp_Basic;

# Adding coloumn to table and Updating Attributes PF

Sql>alter table employee add (Emp_PF number(6));

Sql> Employee set Emp_pf= Emp_basic*(12/100);

# Adding coloumn to table and Updating Attributes Gross Pay

Sql>alter table employee add (Emp_Grosspay number(6));

Sql>update Employee set Emp_grosspay= EMp_hra+emp_da+emp_basic;

# Adding coloumn to table and Updating Attributes Net Pay

alter table employee add (Emp_netpay number(6));

update Employee set Emp_netpay=emp_grosspay-emp_pf;

Display the employeetable:

Query: sql>select * from employee;

( b ) Display the employees whose Basic is lowest in each department .

Query: sql>select min(emp_basic) from employee group by designation;
( c ) If NetPay is less than <Rs. 10,000 add Rs. 1200 as special allowances .

Query:
Sql> update employee set emp_netpay=emp_netpay+1200 where emp_netpay<30000;

( d ) Display the employees whose GrossPay lies between 10,000 & 20,000

Query: sql>select * from employee where emp_grosspay between 10000 and 20000;

( e ) Display all the employees who earn maximum salary .

Query:
sql>select * from employee where emp_grosspay = (select max(emp_grosspay) from employee);

Lab Practical No:6

Question:

6. Employee Database An Enterprise wishes to maintain a database to automate its operations. 
Enterprise is divided into certain departments and each department consists of employees. The 
following two tables describes the automation schemas  
Dept (deptno, dname, loc)  
Emp (empno, ename, job, mgr, hiredate, sal, comm, deptno) 
a)Update the employee salary by 15%, whose experience is greater than 10 years. 
b)Delete the employees, who completed 30 years of service. 
c)Display the manager who is having maximum number of employees working under him?
d)Create a view, which contain employee names and their manager

Creating Dept and Emp table

Create Dept table : Dept (deptno, dname, loc)  

Sql> create table dept(deptno number(3) primary key, dname varchar2(30) not null, loc 
varchar2(30) not null); 

Create Dept table : Emp (empno, ename, job, mgr, hiredate, sal, comm, deptno) 

Sql>create table emp(empno number(3) primary key, ename varchar2(20) not null, job
varchar2(20) not null, mgr number(3) references emp(empno), hiredate date not null, sal
number(10,2) not null, comm Number(10,2), deptno number(3));

Inserting data int Dept and Emp tables

Inserting data into Dept table

Sql>insert into dept values(101, ‘FINANCE’,’ SYDNEY’); 
Sql>insert into dept values(102, ‘AUDIT’,’ MELBOURNE’); 
Sql>insert into dept values(103, ‘MARKETING’,’ PERTH’); 
Sql>insert into dept values(104, ‘PRODUCTION’,’ BRISBANE’); 
Sql>insert into dept values(105, ‘Humanresource’,’ hyderabad’); 

Inserting data into Emp table

Sql> insert into emp (empno, ename ,job, hiredate, sal, deptno) values
(68319,’KAYLING’,’PRESIDENT’,’18-Nov-1991’,6000.00,101);

Sql> insert into emp (empno, ename ,job,mgr, hiredate, sal, deptno) values
(66928,’ BLAZE’,’ MANAGER’,68319,’09 -Jun-1991’, 2750.00,103);

Sql> insert into emp (empno, ename ,job,mgr, hiredate, sal, deptno) values
(67832,’ CLARE’,’ MANAGER’,68319,’18-Nov-1991’, 2550.00,101);

Sql> insert into emp (empno, ename ,job,mgr, hiredate, sal, deptno) values
(65646,’ JONAS’,’ MANAGER’,68319,’02-Apr-1991’, 2957.00,102);

Sql> insert into emp (empno, ename ,job,mgr, hiredate, sal, deptno) values
(67858,’ SCARLET’,’ ANALYST’, 65646,’19-Apr-1997’, 3100.00,102);

Sql> insert into emp (empno, ename ,job,mgr, hiredate, sal, deptno) values
(69062,’ FRANK’,’ ANALYST’, 65646,’03-Dec-1991’, 3100.00,102);

Sql> insert into emp (empno, ename ,job,mgr, hiredate, sal, deptno) values
(63679,’ SANDRINE’,’ CLERK’, 69062,’18-Dec-1990’, 900.00,102);

Sql> insert into emp (empno, ename ,job,mgr, hiredate, sal,comm, deptno) values
(64989,’ ADELYN’,’ SALESMAN’, 66928,’20-Feb-1991’, 1700.00,400, 103);

Sql> insert into emp (empno, ename ,job,mgr, hiredate, sal,comm, deptno) values
(65271,’ WADE’,’ SALESMAN’, 66928,’22-Feb-1991’, 1350.00,600, 103);

Sql> insert into emp (empno, ename ,job,mgr, hiredate, sal,comm, deptno) values
(66564,’ MADDEN’,’ SALESMAN’, 66928,’28-Sep-1991’, 1350.00,1500, 103);

Sql> insert into emp (empno, ename ,job,mgr, hiredate, sal,comm, deptno) values
(68454,’ TUCKER’,’ SALESMAN’, 66928,’08-Sep-1991’, 1600.00, 0, 103);

Sql> insert into emp (empno, ename ,job,mgr, hiredate, sal, deptno) values
(68736,’ ADNRES’,’ CLERK’, 67858,’23-May-1997’, 1200.00,102);
Sql> insert into emp (empno, ename ,job,mgr, hiredate, sal, deptno) values
(69000,’ JULIUS’,’ CLERK’, 66928,’03-Dec-1991’, 1050.00,103);

Sql> insert into emp (empno, ename ,job,mgr, hiredate, sal, deptno) values
(69324,’ MARKER’,’ CLERK’, 67832,’23-Jan-1992’, 1400.00,101);

Sql> insert into emp (empno, ename ,job,mgr, hiredate, sal, deptno) values
(69924,’ MARKER’,’ CLERK’, 67832,’23-Jan-1992’, 1400.00,104);

a)Update the employee salary by 15%, whose experience is greater than 30 years. 

Query 
Sql>  update emp set sal=sal+(sal*0.15) where (sysdate­hiredate)/365>30; 

b)Delete the employees, who completed 30 years of service. 

Sql>  delete from emp where (sysdate­hiredate)/365>30; 

c)Display the manager who is having maximum number of employees working under him? 

Create view 
Sql> create view mgrcount as select mgr, count(empno) total from emp group by mgr; 

Sql> select mgr from mgrcount where total in (select max(total) from mgrcount);

d)Create a view, which contain employee names and their manager

Sql> create view employee_manager as select e1.ename ,e2.ename from emp e1, emp e2 
  where e1.mgr=e2.empno;

Lab Practical No:7

Question:

7. Using Employee Database perform the following queries

a)Determine the names of employee, who earn more than their managers.
b)Determine the names of employees, who take highest salary in their departments.
c)Determine the employees, who are located at the same place.
d)Determine the employees, whose total salary is like the minimum Salary of any department.
e)Determine the department which does not contain any employees.

a)Determine the names of employee, who earn more than their managers.
sql>select e1.ename from emp e1, emp e2 where e1.mgr=e2.empno and e1.sal>e2.sal;

b)Determine the names of employees, who take highest salary in their departments.

Create a view to store maximum salaries of each department

SQL> create view maxsalaries as select max(sal) maxsalary, deptno from emp group by deptno;

Displaythe names of employees, who take highest salary in their departments.

Sql>select ename, sal from emp, maxsalaries where emp.deptno= maxsalaries.deptno and
sal=maxsalary;

c)Determine the employees, who are located at the same place.

SQL> select ename,dname from emp , dept where emp.deptno=dept.deptno order by dname;

d)Determine the employees, whose total salary is like the minimum Salary of any
department.

SQL> select empno, ename, sal from emp where sal in(select max(sal) from emp group by
deptno);

e)Determine the department which does not contain any employees.

SQL> select dname from dept where deptno not in(select deptno from emp);

Lab Practical No:8

Question:

9. Usingthe tables “DEPARTMENTS” and “EMPLOYEES” perform the following queries

a)Display the employee details, departments that the departments are same in both the emp and
dept.
b)Display the employee name and Department name by implementing a left outer join.
c)Display the employee name and Department name by implementing a right outer join.
d)Display the details of those who draw the salary greater than the average salary.

a)Display the employee details, departments that the departments are same in both the emp
and dept.

sql > select ename, dname from dept,emp where emp.deptno=dept.deptno;

b)Display the employee name and Department name by implementing a left outer join.

sql > select ename, dname from dept,emp where emp.deptno(+)=dept.deptno;

c)Display the employee name and Department name by implementing a right outer join.
sql > select ename, dname from dept,emp where emp.deptno=+dept.deptno;

d)Display the details of those who draw the salary greater than the average salary.

SQL> Select empno,sal from emp where sal> (select avg(sal) from emp);
Lab Practical No:9
Question:

9.Write a PL/SQL program to demonstrate Exceptions.

DECLARE
Eid emp.empno%type:= 69000;
name emp.ename%type;
BEGIN
SELECT empno,ename INTO eid,name
FROM emp
WHERE empno = eid;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('empno: ' || eid);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('Name: '|| name);

EXCEPTION
WHEN no_data_found THEN
dbms_output.put_line('No such employee!');
WHEN others THEN
dbms_output.put_line('Error!');
END;
/
Output  
empno: 69000 
Name:  JULIUS 

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

Lab Practical No:10

Question:
 
10.Write a PL/SQL program to demonstrate Cursors.
SQL>declare 
cursor c11 is 
select * from emp  order by sal,job; 
cval emp%rowtype; 
begin 
dbms_output.put_line('empno    '||'ename'); 
open c11; 
loop 
fetch c11 into cval; 
exit when c11%rowcount=10; 
dbms_output.put_line(cval.empno||'    '||cval.ename); 
end loop; 
close c11; 
end; 
/ 

Output 
empno    ename 
69000     JULIUS 
63679     SANDRINE 
68736     ADNRES 
69324     MARKER 
69924     MARKER 
67832     CLARE 
66928     BLAZE 
65646     JONAS 
67858     SCARLET 

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. 

Lab Practical No:11

Question:

11.Write a PL/SQL program to demonstrate Functions.

SQL> 
create or replace function fname(a in number,b in out number) 
return number is 
begin 
b:=a; 
return b; 
end; 

SQL> / 

Function created. 
Program to invoke a function 
SQL> 
declare 
x number; 
begin 
x:=fname(23,x); 
dbms_output.put_line(x); 
end; 
Output 

SQL> /
23 

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. 

Lab Practical No:12

Question:

12.Write PL/SQL queries to create Procedures.

SQL> 
create or replace procedure emp_proc1 
  IS 
  BEGIN 
    update emp 
    set sal=sal+sal*0.10 
  where comm<>sal*0.09; 
  END; 
SQL> / 
Procedure created. 

Executing Procedure:   

SQL> execute emp_proc1; 
Output 

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. 

Lab Practical No:13

Question:

13.Write a PL/SQL program to demonstrate Packages.

Step1: Creating package specification 

CREATE or replace PACKAGE emppackage AS  
procedure emp_proc2; 
function fname2(a in number,b in out number) 
return number; 
end; 

Step2: Creating package definition or body 
CREATE or replace PACKAGE body emppackage AS  
 
procedure emp_proc2 
  is
  begin 
      update emp 
      set sal=sal+sal*0.10 
where comm<>sal*0.09; 
          DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('I am a procedure ');  
end emp_proc2; 

function fname2(a in number,b in out number) 
return number is 
begin 
b:=a; 
return b; 
end fname2; 
END;  

Step3: Calling function / procedure of a package in a program 
declare 
  a number:=10; 
b number:=10; 
begin 
a:=emppackage.fname2(20,b); 
dbms_output.put_line(a || b); 
emppackage.emp_proc2; 
end; 
/ 

Output 
2020 
I am a procedure 

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. 

Lab Practical No:14

Question:

14.Write PL/SQL queries to create Triggers.

SQL>create or replace trigger t11 
before update on emp 
for each row 
begin 
if :new.sal<1000 
then 
dbms_output.put_line('trigger fired'); 
end if; 
end; 

Trigger created. 
Trigger gets fired when update is performed on EMP table 
SQL> update emp 
    set sal=500 
    where empno=69000; 

Output 

trigger fired 

1 row updated.