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General Physics 1: Activity Title: Impulse and Momentum Activity No.: 2.2 Learning Competency

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Leonardo Piga
1. This document provides an activity on impulse, momentum, and elastic and inelastic collisions in physics. It includes examples of calculating momentum, impulse, and velocity during collisions. 2. Key concepts covered are the impulse-momentum theorem, conservation of momentum and energy, and distinguishing between perfectly inelastic, elastic, and inelastic collisions based on whether the objects stick together or separate after collision and what quantities are conserved. 3. Sample problems are provided to calculate momentum, impulse, velocity, force, and kinetic energy during collisions between objects like cars, balls, and people.

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Download as pdf or txt
89 views4 pages

General Physics 1: Activity Title: Impulse and Momentum Activity No.: 2.2 Learning Competency

Uploaded by

Leonardo Piga
1. This document provides an activity on impulse, momentum, and elastic and inelastic collisions in physics. It includes examples of calculating momentum, impulse, and velocity during collisions. 2. Key concepts covered are the impulse-momentum theorem, conservation of momentum and energy, and distinguishing between perfectly inelastic, elastic, and inelastic collisions based on whether the objects stick together or separate after collision and what quantities are conserved. 3. Sample problems are provided to calculate momentum, impulse, velocity, force, and kinetic energy during collisions between objects like cars, balls, and people.

Copyright:

© All Rights Reserved
Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
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GENERAL PHYSICS 1

Activity Title: Impulse and Momentum


Activity No.: 2.2
Learning Competency:
1. Relate the momentum, impulse, force, and time of contact in a system.
2. Compare and contrast elastic and inelastic collisions.
3. Solve problems involving center of mass, impulse, and momentum in contexts
such as, but not limited to, rocket motion, vehicle collisions, and ping-pong.
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Inventors add foam inside a helmet, knee pad and packages for protection. This applies
Newton’s Law of Acceleration (2nd law) which is connected to

• momentum (how heavy, the mass, and how fast, velocity, an object is)

𝑝 = m𝐯

• impulse (the effect of force for a period of time)

I = 𝐅t

Relating momentum, impulse and Law of Acceleration:

𝐅 = m𝐚 Acceleration can be
simplified into:
Acceleration is 𝑎 =
𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑖 𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑖 𝑣
𝑡 𝐅 = m( ) 𝑎=
𝑡 t
Move time (t) on the other side. 𝐅t = m𝐯

This is now the impulse-momentum theorem.

Sample Word Problem

A 1400-kg car moving with a velocity of 15 m/s collides with a utility pole and is brought
to rest in 0.30 s. Find the force exerted on the car during the collision.

Reference:
Serway, Raymond & Jerry S. Faughn (2002). Holt Physics. Holt, Rinehart and Winston

Prepared by LEONARDO G. PIGA, JR. Page 4 of 7


Sample Word Problem

During a derby ballroom contest, pair A moves at 2.00 m/s to the right collides with pair B
who are stationary for a moment. If each pair weighs 165 kg averagely, what is their final velocity?

Before After

m1 = mass of pair A v1 = velocity of pair A


m2 = mass of pair B v2 = velocity of pair B

Combine the 2 situations (before and after).


We combine
here the mass
Before After because
p = p they moved as
one. Of
m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1 + m2) v course, 1
velocity only.
(165 kg) (2.00 m/s) + (165 kg) (0 m/s) = (165 kg + 165 kg) v
330 kg. m/s + 0 = (330 kg) v
330 kg. m/s = (330 kg) v
330 kg. m/s
= v
330 kg
1.00 m/s to the right = v

Note: You can actually do the checking of your solution by using v = 1 m/s. If you check your solution, you will know
that before and after collision the momentum is still the same which means it is conserved. Since it is conserved,
then it talks about the Law of Conservation of Energy and Momentum.

Since mass and velocity are dealt, kinetic energy can be solved. Observe the formula of
momentum and kinetic energy.

Using the given and the kinetic energy (KE = ½ mv2), substitute the values.

Before After
KE = KE
2 2
½ m1v1 + ½ m2v2 = ½ (m1 + m2) v2
½ (165 kg) (2.00 m/s)2 + ½ (165 kg) (0 m/s)2 = ½ (165 kg + 165 kg) (1.00 m/s) 2
330 kg. m/s2 + 0 = 165 kg. m/s2
330 kg. m/s2 = 165 kg. m/s2

Note: Shouldn’t they be equal to satisfy the Law of Conservation of Energy. For this case, the kinetic energy
is wasted. Where did the other half of energy go? It becomes the sound and sparks (light) energy that
we hear during collision. For the case, as the sound only.

Reference:
Serway, Raymond & Jerry S. Faughn (2002). Holt Physics. Holt, Rinehart and Winston

Prepared by LEONARDO G. PIGA, JR. Page 5 of 7


Is the collision, perfectly inelastic, elastic or inelastic? Circles represent the pairs. Study
the table on the next page.

What happens What is conserved


Type of Collision
after collision? or saved?

Perfectly inelastic
stick together momentum
(very rare case)

Elastic separate Momentum & KE

Inelastic separate momentum

Reference:
Serway, Raymond & Jerry S. Faughn (2002). Holt Physics. Holt, Rinehart and Winston

Prepared by LEONARDO G. PIGA, JR. Page 6 of 7


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GENERAL PHYSICS 1

Name: Grade & Section:


Activity Title: Impulse and Momentum Date:
Activity No.: 2.2
Learning Target:
1. Identify relation of impulse and momentum.
2. Solve problems on momentum, impulse and collision.
3. Describe elastic and inelastic collisions.
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DIRECTIONS: Read each situation below. Solve the problems by showing


(a) free-body diagrams;
(b) given and complete solution, and
(c) identifying the type of collision and reason out why it is the type of
collision shown for collision problems.

1. A basketball player weighs 75 kg and runs 3 m/s in a fast break.


a. Find the momentum.
b. If the basketball player is blocked by his 85-kg opponent, what is the impulse
of the basketball player if he hits the opponent at 150-N force for 3 seconds?

2. A 1500.0-kg car traveling at 15 m/s to the south collides with a 4500.0 kg truck that is
at rest at a stoplight. The car and truck stick together and move as one object.
a. What is the final velocity of the two-vehicle mass?
b. What is the kinetic energy?

3. A 4.0 kg bowling ball sliding to the right at 8.0 m/s has an elastic head-on collision
with another 4.0 kg bowling ball initially at rest. The first ball stops after collision.
a. Find the velocity of the second ball after collision.
b. Verify your answer by calculating the kinetic energy before and after collision.

4. A 0.40 kg soccer ball approaches a player horizontally with a velocity of 18 m/s to the
north. The player strikes the ball and causes it to move in the opposite direction with a
velocity of 22 m/s. What impulse was delivered to the ball by the player?

Reference:
Serway, Raymond & Jerry S. Faughn (2002). Holt Physics. Holt, Rinehart and Winston

Prepared by LEONARDO G. PIGA, JR. Page 7 of 7

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