NPTEL Online Certification Courses

Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION

Assignment - 4

TYPE OF QUESTION: MCQ

Number of questions: 5 Total marks: 5 X 4 = 20

QUESTION 1:
L M N
ES1 ES2

RLM RML RMN RNM

L1 L2 L3
220 kV, 50 Hz transmission system

For the transmission system shown above, line-to-line voltage and line current data measured by the
directional overcurrent relay RMN at bus M for two fault situations are provided in Table – I. Case-1 and case-
2 are two fault cases, phase-b-to-ground and phase-c-to-ground faults respectively, created one at a time in
line LM or MN. Identify the faulted line(s) for Case-1 and Case-2 respectively.

Table-I
For Case-1 For Case-2
Vab: 147.06∠71.740 kV Ia: 0.03∠-82.480 kA Vab: 210.35∠ 84.560 kV Ia: 0.05∠ -176.950 kA
Vbc: 141.76∠-14.63 kV Ib: 0.62∠-141.360 kA
0 Vbc: 156.52∠ -46.72 kV Ib: 0.06∠ 96.240 kA
0

Vca: 210.62∠-150.460 kV Ic: 0.09∠6.400 kA Vca: 159.05∠-143.130 kV Ic: 0.60∠ -85.630 kA

(A) LM, LM
(B) LM, MN
(C) MN, LM
(D) MN, MN

Correct answer: (C)

Detailed Solution:

With quadrature voltage directional relaying principle:

For fault case-1: Operating quantity is Ib and polarizing quantity is Vca
∠Ib – (∠Vca +900) = -80.90
So, Case-1 is a forward fault and the faulted line MN
For fault case2: Operating quantity is Ic and polarizing quantity is Vab
∠Ic – (∠Vab +900) = 99.80
So, case-2 is a fault in reverse direction and the faulted line LM
 NPTEL Online Certification Courses

Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

QUESTION 2:

L M N
ES1 ES2

RLM RML RMN RNM

L1 L2 L3
220 kV, 50 Hz transmission system

For the transmission system shown above, voltage and current data measured by the positive sequence
directional overcurrent relay RMN at bus M for two fault cases are provided in Table – II. Case-1 and case-2
are two cases, phase-b-to-ground and phase-c-to-ground faults respectively, created one at a time in line LM
or MN. Identify the faulted line(s) for Case-1 and Case-2 respectively.
Table-II
For Case-1 For Case-2
0
Va: 30.65∠88.27 kV 0
Ia: 0.70∠-172.73 kA Va: 115.25∠ 71.77 kV
0 Ia: 0.07∠ -94.570 kA
Vb: 30.09∠-29.890 kV Ib: 0.71∠65.140 kA Vb: 59.23∠-92.400 kV Ib: 0.65∠ -102.820 kA
Vc: 31.21∠-149.930 kV Ic: 0.68∠-54.380 kA Vc: 60.46∠-123.730 kV Ic: 0.72∠ 78.040 kA

(A) LM, LM
(B) LM, MN
(C) MN, LM
(D) MN, MN

Correct answer: (B)

Detailed Solution:

With positive sequence directional relaying principle:

For case-1: Operating quantity is I1 and polarizing quantity is V1
I1 and V1 for the situation are calculated as 0.70∠-1740 kA and 30.65∠89.480 kV respectively.
∠I1 – (∠V1) = 96.520
So, case-1 is a reverse fault and the faulted line LM
For fault case-2: Operating quantity is I1 and polarizing quantity is V1
V1 and I1 for the situation are calculated as 0.40∠-17.700 kA and 66.96∠72.090 kV respectively.
∠I1 – (∠V1) = -89.790
So, case-2 is a forward fault and the faulted line MN
 NPTEL Online Certification Courses

Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

QUESTION 3:

L M N
ES1 ES2

RLM RML RMN RNM

L1 L2 L3
220 kV, 50 Hz transmission system

For the transmission system shown above, voltage and current data measured by directional overcurrent relay
RMN at bus M for two fault cases are provided in Table – III. The relays use negative sequence approach for
direction information. Case-1 and case-2 are two cases, phase-b-to-ground and phase-c-to-ground faults
respectively, created one at a time in line LM or MN. Identify the faulted line(s) for case-1 and case-2
respectively.

Table-III
For Case-1 For Case-2
Va: 115.25∠ 71.770 kV Ia: 0.07∠ -94.570 kA Va: 116.53∠ 17.770 kV Ia: 0.3∠21.380 kA
Vb: 59.23∠-92.400 kV Ib: 0.65∠ -102.820 kA Vb: 136∠ -86.04 kV
0 Ib: 0.07∠-76.010 kA
Vc: 60.46∠-123.730 kV Ic: 0.72∠ 78.040 kA Vc: 124.93∠ 157.610 kV Ic: 0.09∠178.680 kA

(A) LM, LM
(B) LM, MN
(C) MN, LM
(D) MN, MN

Correct answer: (D)

Detailed Solution:

With negative sequence directional relaying principle:

For fault case-1: Operating quantity is I2 and polarizing quantity is -V2
I2 and V2 for the situation are calculated as 0.39∠173.100 kA and 48.30∠71.330 kV respectively.
∠I2 – (∠-V2) = -64.430
So, case-1 is a forward fault and the faulted line MN
For fault case-2: Operating quantity is I2 and polarizing quantity is -V2
I2 and V2 for the situation are calculated as 0.09∠11.600 kA and 9.68∠ -79.440 kV respectively.
∠I2 – (∠-V2) = -88.960
So, case-2 is also a forward fault and the faulted line MN
 NPTEL Online Certification Courses

Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

QUESTION 4:

L M N
ES1 ES2

RLM RML RMN RNM

L1 L2 L3
220 kV, 50 Hz transmission system

For the transmission system shown above, voltage and current data measured by the zero sequence directional
overcurrent relay RMN at bus M for a fault case are provided in Table – IV. Select the faulted line for the
situation and also determine the zero sequence current angle with respect to zero sequence voltage.

Table-IV
Va: 128.75∠49.350 kV Ia: 0.05∠ -176.950 kA
Vb: 128.71∠-60.210 kV Ib: 0.06∠ 96.240 kA
Vc: 43.42∠177.020 kV Ic: 0.60∠ -85.630 kA

(A) -850, LM
(B) -850, MN
(C) 850, LM
(D) 850, MN

Correct answer: (A)

Detailed Solution:

I0 and V0 for the situation are calculated as 0.18∠-91.390 kA and 35.03∠-6.430 kV respectively.
∠I0 – (∠V0) = -84.960

With zero sequence directional relaying principle:

Operating quantity is I0 and polarizing quantity is –V0
I0 and V0 for the situation are calculated as 0.39∠173.100 kA and 48.30∠71.330 kV respectively.
∠I0 – (∠-V0) = 95.040
So, the fault is in reverse direction and the faulted line LM
 NPTEL Online Certification Courses

Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

QUESTION 5:

L M N
ES1 ES2

RLM RML RMN RNM

L1 L2 L3
220 kV, 50 Hz transmission system

For the transmission system shown above, voltage and current data measured by the directional overcurrent
relay RMN at bus M for a high resistance fault situation are provided in Table – V. Determine the phase angle
of positive sequence current with respect to positive sequence voltage and identify the faulted line for the
situation using superimposed component based directional relaying principle.

Table-V
During prefault During fault
0 0
Va: 129.61∠100.95 kV Ia: 0.055∠130.68 kA Va: 115.20 ∠87.51 kV
0 Ia: 0.29∠90.910 kA
Vb: 129.40∠-18.030 kV Ib: 0.056∠11.290 kA Vb: 134.78∠-14.700 kV Ib: 0.06∠-2.900 kA
Vc: 131.51∠-138.460 kV Ic: 0.056∠-109.720 kA Vc: 125.64∠-132.350 kV Ic: 0.08∠-108.780 kA

(A) 10, LM
(B) 10, MN
(C) -10, LM
(D) -10, MN

Correct answer: (B)

Detailed Solution:
I1 and V1 for the fault situation are calculated as 0.14∠ 101.640 kA and 123.74∠100.660 kV respectively.
∠I1 – (∠V1) = 0.980

With superimposed component directional relaying principle:

Operating quantity is ∆V1 and polarizing quantity is ∆I1
∆V1 = V1fault - V1pre = 6.68∠-63.010 kV
∆I1 = I1fault - I1pre = 0.09∠84.390 kA

∠∆V1 – ∠∆I1 = -147.40

As superimposed component based directional relaying provides high sensitivity in fault direction
identification for high resistance fault, the fault is in forward direction i.e. in MN line