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Losses in Fuel Cells

The document discusses losses in fuel cells, specifically related to charge transport and ohmic resistance. It covers topics like charge flux equations, the dominance of electrolyte resistance, basic equations for diffusivity and conductivity, ionic conduction in liquid electrolytes, ceramics, and polymers like Nafion. It provides characteristics of Nafion related to water absorption, conductivity, electro-osmotic drag and back diffusion. Examples are given of calculating water flux and profiles in Nafion as well as conductivity profiles and ohmic resistance. Different electrolyte materials like CsHSO4 and PBI are also mentioned.

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Ljubodrag Samardzic
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18 views24 pages

Losses in Fuel Cells

The document discusses losses in fuel cells, specifically related to charge transport and ohmic resistance. It covers topics like charge flux equations, the dominance of electrolyte resistance, basic equations for diffusivity and conductivity, ionic conduction in liquid electrolytes, ceramics, and polymers like Nafion. It provides characteristics of Nafion related to water absorption, conductivity, electro-osmotic drag and back diffusion. Examples are given of calculating water flux and profiles in Nafion as well as conductivity profiles and ohmic resistance. Different electrolyte materials like CsHSO4 and PBI are also mentioned.

Uploaded by

Ljubodrag Samardzic
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
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Losses in Fuel Cells

Fuel Cell Charge Transport


Charge Flux

j(A/cm2), J(mol/cm2),
M: coefficient, F: dV/dx, dμ/dx, dP/dx...

ji = zi FJ i
J i = ∑ M ik Fk
k
Ohmic Resistance

Thinner electrolyte
Thi l t l t h has llower
resistance, but has to
consider
- Mechanical weakness
- Non-uniformity
- Shorting
Sh ti
- Fuel crossover
- Contact resistance
- Dielectric breakdown
Ohmic Resistances in Fuel Cell

Electrolyte (ionic) resistance is dominant,


since all other resistances are electronic.
Basic Equations: Diffusivity
Basic Equations: Conductivity
Ionic Conduction
Basic equations

Liquid electrolyte

Calculated conductivity may be valid only for dilute solutions


Ionic Conduction in Ceramic
Using and

: extrinsic

: intrinsic

Commonly,
Commonly
Extrinsic vs Intrinsic

Intrinsic vacancy

extrinsic vacancy
Ion Conduction in Polymers

Nafion
Nafion Characteristics 1
Water absortion

[ H 2O ]
λ= − +
: 0 ≤ λ ≤ 22
[ SO3 H ]
Nafion Characteristics 2

Conductivity
vs T & water contents
Nafion Characteristics 3
Electro-osmotic drag
Nafion Characteristics 4
Back Diffusion
Nafion Resistance Example
Nafion Resistance Example
Water flux in Nafion

Find B
B.C.
C

Find water diffusivity


Nafion Resistance Example
Water profile in Nafion

BC
B.C.
Nafion Resistance Example
Conductivity profile

Ohmic resistance
Ohmic Resistance

Overpotentials in PEMFC’s Water profile through membrane


Reference:
Pa=3atm, Pc = 3atm, T = 80C, vH2=1.5A, vO2=1.5A
tm = 0.0125cm, tc = 0.0365cm, ta = 0.0365cm
ndrag = 2.5, poro = 0.4, Relative Humidity = 100%
Electrolytes

CsHSO4

PBI, poly 2,2´-m-(phenylene)-


5 5´ bib
5,5´-bibenz-imidazole.
i id l
Conductivity of YSZ
Advantages of Thin Film Electrolyte

N. Sata, K. Eberman, K.
Eberl & J. Maier
Nature, 408, 21/28, Dec,
2000
Grain & Grain Boundary Effect

H
Hong H
Huang,a T
Turgut
t M.
M Gür,
Gü Yuji
Y ji S
Saito,
it and
dFFritz
it Prinz
Pi
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 89, 143107 2006

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