Character Formation 1 (Nationalism and Patriotism) (CF 101)

Tomas Claudio Colleges 3. Extraversion – being sociable, energetic and

Criminology Department happy to help
4. Agreeableness – being kind, sympathetic, and
Compiled by: John Patrick B. De Jesus happy to help
5. Neuroticism – inclined to worry or vulnerable or
GENERAL CONCEPTS OF CHARACTER temperamental
FORMATION
General Types of Characters:
What is Character? 1. Positive Character
 It is derived from Greek word “charassein” 2. Negative Character
referring to an engraving instrument; originally 3. Neutral Character
used of a marked impressed upon a coin or the
mark cut by it. Positive Character
 Then it was applied to a distinctive mark of a  Positive character traits are those things that
personality; and gradually, to the sum total of draw us to other people.
such mark, each individual one is being called  When someone is generous, kind, energetic, or
characteristics. optimistic they exude(display) energy that
Personality – is the social, emotional and intellectual attracts others.
manifestations of a character.  Positive character traits can be developed in
ourselves. There is a simple, three step
Character - the mental and moral qualities distinctive process to integrate a new positive trait into
to an individual. (What you do when nobody is your life.
watching) a trademark of being a person. Negative Character
• The majority of people would consider the
What is Character Formation? character traits described below to be "bad" or
Character Formation /Character Building “negative”. However, "bad" or “negative” is
• It is the process by which the individual, defined by the culture in which one lives.
through interaction of biologically transmitted
predispositions with the environment, develops Some examples of Negative personality
stable pattern of functioning, thinking and  angry
feeling (Donald 2006).  bewildered
 clumsy
Different Contributing Factors of Character  defeated
Formation  embarrassed
1) Parental Influence - is the most important of all  fierce
the factors responsible for personality  grumpy
development.
2) Home Environment - home as cradle of Neutral Character
human character and personality largely  A neutral character does what seems to be a
contribute to the character formation of a child. good idea.
3) School Environment - to perfect the total  Person that has neutral character feel strongly
development of a child’s character and attitude, one way or the other when it comes to good and
besides the evil or law and chaos.
4) home environment, a child’s school  They exhibit a lack of conviction or bias rather
environment too plays a major role in shaping than a commitment to neutrality. Neutral is the
the child’s personality. best alignment you can be because it means you
5) Culture - everyone has different character and act naturally
values because of the different cultures where
everyone is exposed Pillars of Good Character
1. Trustworthiness
Five Factors that determine the Character 2. Respect
Personality Traits 3. Responsibility
1. Openness – appreciation for a variety of 4. Fairness
experience 5. Caring
2. Conscientiousness – planning ahead rather that 6. Citizenship
being spontaneous

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 Character Formation 1 (Nationalism and Patriotism) (CF 101)

1. Trustworthiness - This is the pillar of good whatever way it is possible for us. Contrarily, a person
character that is considered the most complicated of who thinks others is there for serving him and is
the six core ethical values. without any warmth feelings for others
Honesty – a person of good character must be a • Character traits
person of honesty in both communication and conduct. 1. Alertness - being aware of what is taking place
around.
Dimensions of honesty 2. Attentiveness - showing the worth of a person or
· Truthfulness task but giving undivided concentration.
· Sincerity (genuineness) 3. Availability - making own schedule on priorities
· Candor (frankness) secondary to the wishes of those being served.
· Integrity 4. Benevolence - giving to others basic needs without
· Reliability the motivation for acquiring personal rewards.
5. Boldness - confidence that what is say or do is true,
Reliability - This pillar of good character takes into right and just.
consideration the reliability. 6. Cautiousness - knowing how important right timing
· Avoid bad faith excuses is in accomplishing right actions
· Avoid unwise commitments 7. Compassion - investing whatever is necessary to
· Avoid unclear commitments heal the hurts of others.
8. Contentment - realizing that true happiness does
2. Respect not depend on material conditions.
 Golden rule in human relation “Do unto others 9. Creativity - approaching a need, a task, or an idea
as you would have them do unto you”. from a new perspective.
 Qualities of a respectful person 10. Decisiveness - the ability to recognize key factors
 Ability to listen and finalize difficult decisions.
 Treat others with consideration 11. Deference - limiting freedom so not to offend the
 Capable of accepting individual differences tastes of others.
and beliefs 12. Dependability - fulfilling what is consented to do,
3. Responsibility - They exhibit the ability to respond even if it means unexpected sacrifice.
to expectations. 13. Determination - purposing to accomplish right
Qualities of a responsible person goals at the right time, regardless of the opposition.
 Sense of accountability 14. Diligence - investing time and energy to complete
 Pursuit of excellence each task assigned.
 Self-restraint 15. Discernment - understanding the deeper reasons
4. Fairness - (equality, impartiality, proportionality, why things happen.
openness, due process) 16. Discretion - recognizing and avoiding words,
5. Caring – (Ethical decision) actions, and attitudes that could bring undesirable
6. Citizenship (civic virtues and duties) consequences.
17. Endurance - the inward strength to withstand
Character Traits stress and do the best.
1. Self-realized character - a person with this type of 18. Enthusiasm - expressing joy in doing and
character is ever enthusiastic for he knows his accomplishing each task.
potentialities and limitations. 19. Faith - confidence that actions rooted in good
2. Covetous Character - this refers to a jealous or character will yield the best outcome, even when it’s
acquisitive character not personally observed.
3. Superstitious Character - in a way that all are 20. Flexibility - willingness to change plans or ideas
superstitious but when were over superstitious then according to the direction of the authorities.
problem starts. 21. Forgiveness - clearing the records of those who
4. Egoistic Character - the person thinks that worlds have wronged and not holding a grudge.
run due to him and everything and everybody should 22. Generosity - carefully managing resources to be
respect him as such. (Overbearing, bossy, tall taker) capable of freely giving to those in need.
5. Anti-social Character - a person who neither cares 23. Gentleness - showing consideration and personal
for the norms set by the society nor cares for the moral concern for others.
or ethical values is an anti-social character. 24. Gratefulness Letting others know by my words
6. Insincere Character - when a person does and actions how they have benefited my life
something good for us, we express our sincere thanks 25. Honor Respecting others because of their worth as
and go an extra mile in being sincere to that person in human beings

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26. Hospitality Cheerfully sharing food, shelter, and  Filipinos value their families so much that they
friendship with others tend to keep families intact through the
27. Humility Acknowledging that achievement results generations.
from the investment of others in my life 4. Generosity and Helpfulness
28. Initiative Recognizing and doing what needs to be  Aside from being hospitable, Filipinos are also
done before I am asked to do it well-known for being generous.
29. Joyfulness Maintaining a good attitude, even 5. Strong Work Ethics
when faced with unpleasant conditions  Most Filipinos have is being hardworking
30. Justice Taking personal responsibility to uphold people.
what is pure, right, and true  They are always willing to work almost the
31. Loyalty Using difficult times to demonstrate my whole day to provide theneeds of their families.
commitment to those I serve 6. Loving and Caring
32. Meekness Yielding my personal rights and  Filipinos are found to be the sweetest and
expectations with a desire to serve most loving people in the world.
33. Obedience - quickly and cheerfully carrying out the  It is expressed by both foreigners and Filipino
direction of the superior. women that most Filipino men are so sweet
34. Orderliness - arranging self and surroundings to and romantic when it comes to love.
achieve greater efficiency.
35. Patience - accepting a difficult situation without NEGATIVE TRAITS OF FILIPINOS
giving a deadline to remove it. 1. Fatalism (“Bahala Na” or “Come What May”
36. Persuasiveness - guiding vital truths around Attitude)
another’s mental roadblock.  When Filipinos are facing difficulties and
37. Punctuality - showing esteem for others by doing shortcomings that have this attitude of leaving it
the right thing at the right time. up to God to sort things out. An attitude of
38. Resourcefulness - finding practical uses or that “What Goes around Comes Back Around”.
which others would overlook or discard. Filipinos have a tendency to surrender the future
39. Responsibility - knowing and doing what is to luck.
expected  They have that strong confidence that
40. Security - structuring one’s life around that which everything will work out in his interest without
cannot be destroyed or taken away. doing anything. Filipinos often accepts bad news
41. Self-control - rejecting wrong desires and doing or circumstances without trying to stop or
what is right. change them.
42. Sensitivity - perceiving the true attitudes and  This can sometimes be helpful in adversity, but
emotions of others. it can also keep us from finding ways out of
43. Sincerity - eagerness to do what is right with situations. Also, constantly expecting the worst
transparent motives. can get pretty depressing.
44. Thoroughness - knowing what factors will diminish 2. Maῆana Habit (Procrastination)
the effectiveness of ones work or words if  True blooded Filipinos have the attitude of
neglected. causing delays in accomplishing things or
45. Thriftiness - allowing oneself and others to spend making transactions. When not interested or
only what is necessary not in the mood, they wait or reserve until
tomorrow or the next day to
THE MOST WELL-KNOWN TRAITS AND  finish what they are doing or meeting their
ATTITUDES OF THE FILIPINO transactions. However, there
POSITIVE TRAITS  are some Filipinos nowadays who take their
1. Hospitality time in doing things or in
 Hospitality is a trait displayed by every Filipino,  making decisions promptly. There are some
characterized by heart-warming generosity and who are habitually late or
friendliness exhibited to foreigners and local  not showing up at all. There are few Filipinos
alike. who are punctual for
2. Respect  social meetings. In fact, it is not expected of
 In the Philippines, respect for one’s elders is a them to arrive exactly on
tradition.  time especially at a party.
a. Po and Opo  The “Bahala Na” attitude is the outcome of the
b. Pagmamano “Maῆana habit” when the
3. Strong Family Ties and Religions

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 Character Formation 1 (Nationalism and Patriotism) (CF 101)

 tasks are left undone. This is usually shown it is expected to begin at 9pm. This has not only
and even expressed by caused conflicts in
 people who do not care much of what lies relationships, it is also discourages others
ahead and just leave everything in fate. including foreigners from
3. Crab Mentality getting involved in supposedly productive
 This is an attitude of some Filipinos where they activities as too much time
tend to push each other down to clear the way can be wasted on waiting.
for their own gain. 7. Gossiping
 Filipino people with this kind of mentality or Filipinos are fond of talking about others’
attitude try their best to ruin each other, either business. It is not true that
by making issues against the other for him to only women are into gossiping. Even men can also
turn out bad to the public or to the company or be nosy on other
organization so that people will gradually put people’s lives, Secrets are brought out; failures
distance and loss their confidence and trust that and flaws are
eventually result to their replacement. emphasized; and relationships are destroyed.
4. Hypocrisy Worse, as gossips are
 This is a trait of the Filipinos where criticisms to passed around, they tend to be twisted until the
others’ failure to live with the moral standards of final story becomes too
the society are inevitable. far from the original—thus, causing more damage.
 In the Philippines morality is highly valued, 8. Blaming
most of us try to live up to the standards set by Filipinos can sometimes be too self-righteous.
 the traditional society. However, as no one is When mistakes happen,
perfect, many of us are not actually able to we do not want to take the blame; we lack humility
sustain these standards. to accept our failures, and instead we point at the
 The fear of being an outcast has forced a lot of others. This shows how
people to live a double standard life. To hide irresponsible we are on our actions. This attitude
our failure in the following a norm, we tend to destroys tea, work,
be condemning those who are caught red and reliability becomes an issue.
handed. A perfect example could be the
criticisms faced by those who become pregnant 9. Selfishness (being insensitive of others)
outside marriage. Most Filipinos are insensitive to the need and
 The sad fact behind this scenario is that some situations of others. This
of these critics could have actually engaged in could be an outcome of having too many problems
premarital sex too—only that no proof is visible. that Filipinos are
5. Ningas Cogon facing and the tendency is to focus on their own
Most Filipinos are very good at the start when needs first before
doing something. others.
Nevertheless, after a few hours or days, that 10. Disobedience to Simple Rules and Instructions
excitement to do or Some Filipinos, despite of the understanding of the
accomplish something is lost and we become too purpose of laws and
lazy to finish what we ordinances have inability to observe and follow
have started. them. Consequently,
6. Tardiness (Filipino Time) crime victimization and accident rate in the
Only in the Philippines that we have the so-called Philippines are constantly
“Filipino Time” but not rising, poverty is getting more rampant and
exactly referring to the Philippine standard time, lifestyle development is
but then again we use relaxed.
it to refer to the “tardiness” of the persons that we 11. Attention Taker
are waiting or who Filipinos are fun and people loving race. Thus,
keeps on coming late to the set time schedule of attracting attention is
events. Instead of being natural for them. Nevertheless, it is a different
something to be proud of “Filipino time” brings a thing to be an “epal” or
negative impression to “kapalmuks”- simply, being an attention grabber.
our people. When the invitation says that the Sometimes, in our desperate need to be the center
program will start at 7pm, of attention, we do

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 Character Formation 1 (Nationalism and Patriotism) (CF 101)

things that are already embarrassing like butting in what is happening around us. Common Filipinos
conversations as a also lack courage and
know-it-all or by being scandalous. This habit is confidence. If you can notice, in classrooms, in
also common to our churches, or conference
politicians, Instead of prioritizing their duty to give rooms, most of us don’t like to sit in the front seat.
the best service to 15. Other negative Traits
the people, they rather prioritize their thick faces to Some Filipino women give birth at an early age 19
grab attention that (teenage Pregnancy).
will bring them more chance of winning in the next Some just don’t mind their own business. Some
election. But thanks have many bad habits,
to our vigilant netizens, this kind of politicians earn like drinking, smoking, etc. Some poor teenagers
more shame than engage in prostitution.
fame. There are many broken families. A lot of bad words
12.Being onion-skinned or too sensitive (Balat to choose from
Sibuyas) which Filipinos just can’t avoid saying those. Most
Another habit or attitude that we need to change is Filipinos tend to be
our being too proud with friends most of the time than to be with their
which usually results to being oversensitive. If we parents.
think highly of __________FILIPINO CHARACTER AND
ourselves, then we have the tendency to put a wall PERSONALITY_________
around us and that a THREE MAIN TRAITS UNDERSCORING FILIPINO
signboard on our forehead saying, “I must be VALUES
respected”. Therefore, (Excerpted from the Philippines Australia Business
when someone makes a joke or a not positive Council)
comment about us, we feel 1. Personalism
like we are not respected and we get offended. If all Filipinos valued interpersonal relationship. It is
people in the firmly believed that
country do not know how to accept constructive harmonious personal relationship is the key to
criticism, then we can successful endeavors.
never expect unity. Amicable settlement of dispute is the primary
13. Living beyond their means (Social Climbing) means or restoring
One of the reasons why a lot of Filipinos live in broken relationships and face-to-face open forum
poverty is because of is considered once
overspending. Since most people want to live an conflict is recognized in an organization or the
elite lifestyle, many community.
resort to social climbing or living beyond their 2. Familiarism
means. Sometimes, some Filipinos are family-oriented. Development
of us think that as we wear designer clothes and programs and projects in
shoes, and we send our the community are concentrated on the Family.
children to the most expensive schools, it is right Decision on matters
to be swimming in is centered on the welfare and best interest of the
credits and loans. family rather than
14.Passivity (lack of leadership) on the betterment and interest of some individuals.
Filipino’s lack of initiative for change is also one The mistakes
reason why our country committed by a family member affects the
does not progress. We keep on complaining credibility and of the
against the government and immediate members of the family and relatives.
other societal issues. However, we do not do 3. Particularism
anything about them. One Displayed behavior by the individuals may it be
of our excuses is the lack of faith that our small good or bad is
actions can bring blamed against the family. It is based on the
change. However, the worse reason for this could principle that home is
be our lack of care for the cradle of human personality and character that
WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20) is, the product of
13 goodness is always good and those who are
molded in wickedness,

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 Character Formation 1 (Nationalism and Patriotism) (CF 101)

will always shoe-off badness. Individuals strive to  It claims that each nation should regulate itself,
promote their own free from outside intervention, that a nation is a
and their family’s interest interests over natural and ideal political basis, and that the
community interests. nation is the only legitimate source of political
On the other hand, knowing how to entertain authority (Finlayson, 2014).
people (marunong What is Nationalism?
umasikaso ng kapwa) is important.  It aims to build and maintain single identity (Yack,
Conformity to proper codes of conduct reaps the 2012).
rewards of  It seeks to preserve and encourage a nation’s
cooperation and assistance; non-conformity is traditional culture, and cultural revivals have been
punished by connected to nationalist movements.
withdrawal of support.  Nationalism is often paired with other ideologies,
for instance conservatism or socialism (Finlayson,
FILIPINO VALUES ORIENTATION_ 2014).
Values Orientation – This is the approach that may  Conservatism – a set of political beliefs
influence work or social relationships by a person based on preservation of customs and
relating to objects, events and ideas. traditions that define the character of a
society.
FOUR MAIN OBLIGATIONS UNDERLYING FILIPINO  Socialism – a set of political beliefs
VALUE ORIENTATION emphasizing community and social equality.
The relational or face-to-face interactions and their
resulting responsibilities are called interpersonal Types of Nationalism
cultural orientation, the professionalism. Pakikiramay, 1. ETHNIC NATIONALISM – (ethnonationalism)
Pakikisama, Bayanihan, and galang are the nature of involves the concept of a shared culture among group
interpersonal relationships that are inherent to the members, and generally a shared language.
pure-blooded Filipino people.  The state derives political legitimacy from its
1. Pakikiramay status as the ethnic groups, as a group to
It is in the Filipino value of going out of the way to help, promote its family and social life.
without  It is a form of nationalism wherein the nation and
being asked, i.e., unsolicited help. nationality are defined in terms of ethnicity, with
2. Pakikisama (Smooth Interpersonal Relations) emphasis on ethnocentric approach to various
Regardless whether someone’s view is agreeable or political issues related to national affirmation of a
not, Filipinos are capable of getting along with it. particular ethnic group.
Camaraderie, trust, confidence, and loyalty are 2. CIVIC NATIONALISM (Civil Nationalism) – lies
enhanced and developed by this Filipino value. within traditions of rationalism and liberalism, but it is
3. Bayanihan As mentioned in the preceding topics, contrasted with ethnic nationalism as type of
Filipinos are able to render services and generous nationalism.
enough to extend help without compensation. –  it means that the country is a community of those
Somebody can request help in time of need from who contribute to the state’s maintenance and
those to whom it is extended. strength, and that there is the person to contribute
4. Galang (Respect) Filipinos are basically oriented to to that objective.
revere to opinions of elders, peers, or those in  Membership in the civic nation is open to every
authority, during important discussions during social citizen, regardless of culture or ethnicity, who
encounters. Verbal clash or any sign of extreme shares those values. In short, for an example, if
familiarity in public meetings is a sign of disrespect to you are a citizen of the US, you are considered as
elders or persons in an American. In theory, a civic nation or state
Authority does not aim to promote one culture over another.
3. EXPANSIONIST NATIONALISM – a radical form of
NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM imperialism that includes independent, patriotic
Basic Concepts of Nationalism and Patriotism feelings with faith in expansionism, generally through
What is Nationalism? military aggression.
 It is an idea/ideology and movement defined by  Expansionist nationalism is an aggressive and
promoting the interest of a particular nation, in radical form of nationalism that incorporates
particular with the aim of acquiring and autonomous, patriotic sentiments with a belief
maintaining the nation’s sovereignty over its in expansionism.
country of origin (Smith, 2019).

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 Character Formation 1 (Nationalism and Patriotism) (CF 101)

4. ROMANTIC NATIONALISM - known as organic national identities, in order to create a "higher"

nationalism and identity nationalism. pan-national (all-inclusive) identity, based on
 It is based on the presence of a historical ethnic various common denominators.
culture that meets romantic deal.  Pan-nationalism can occur as a specific variant of
 Historical ethnic cultures that meet the Romantic all common forms of nationalism. In relation to
Ideal was emphasized by romantic nationalism; classical state nationalism, pan-nationalism
folklore evolved as romantic nationalist notion. manifests itself through various political
 The state gains political authority as a natural movements that are advocating the creation of
outcome of the union of individuals it presides "higher" (pan-national) forms of political identity,
over. based on a regional or continental grouping of
 This includes, relating to the exacting method of national states (for examples: Pan-Americanism,
use, the idiom, heritage, ethnicity, faith, and Pan-Africanism, Pan-Arabism, Pan-Iranism).
traditions  In terms of ethnic nationalism, pan-nationalism
5. CULTURAL NATIONALISM - described by shared can also manifest itself through specific ethnic
culture, not solely civic or ethnic. However, a traditional movements that are advocating the creation of
culture can be more readily integrated into the lives of "higher" (pan-national) forms of common identity
any person, particularly if the person can obtain his or that is based on ethnic grouping (for example:
her abilities at an early point of his or her own lives. (Pan-Germanism or Pan-Slavism).
6. THIRD WORLD NATIONALISM – outcome to 10.DIASPORA NATIONALISM – is an ethnic
colonial rule to survive and maintain a domestic population residing outside their traditional
identity. (Third World nationalism attempts to ensure homelands. In this type of nationalism, there is a
that the identities of Third World peoples are authored nationalist sense. (Jews in the United States)
primarily by themselves, not colonial powers.)  Diaspora nationalism, or as Benedict Anderson
7. LIBERAL NATIONALISM – lately defended by terms it, "long-distance nationalism", generally
political philosophers who think that a non-xenophobic refers to nationalist feeling among a diaspora
form of nationalism compatible with liberal values of such as the Irish in the United States, Jews
liberty, tolerance, equality and individual rights can around the world after the expulsion from
exist. Jerusalem (586 BCE), the Lebanese in the
 It is asserted that in order to lead a meaningful, Americas and Africa, or Armenians in Europe and
independent life, people need a national identity the United States.
and those liberal democracies need domestic 11. STATELESS NATIONALISM – On nationalist
identity to work correctly. basis an ethnic or cultural minority within a nation-state
 It is sustaining a process of nation building that aims independence.
extols the necessity of liberty and equality and yet 12.NATIONAL CONSERVATISM – a political term,
at the same time having the capability to maintain mainly used in Europe, to describe a version of
a state or nation with a people united with a sense conservatism that focuses more on domestic interest
of nationalism that allows them to move forward in than conventional conservatism, while not being unduly
unity. nationalist or pursuing a far-right agenda.
8. RELIGIOUS NATIONALISM – connection to a 13.REVOLUTIONARY NATIONALISM – is an
specific religious faith, church, or affiliation. ideological theory that calls for domestic group united
 It can be shared religion contributes to a sense by a shared sense of intent and destiny, also known as
of domestic unity and a mutual bond between radical nationalism. Developed by Benito Mussolini.
the nation’s people and it will divide into two This intellectual synthesis of “radical nationalism and
dimensions, such as, religion’s politicization dissident society’’ was created.
and religion’s converse effects on politics. 14.LEFT-WING NATIONALISM - also sometimes
 In religion’s politicization, it can be seen that a referred to as socialist nationalism, relates to any
shared religion contributes to a sense of political movement combining left-wing or socialism
domestic unity; a common bond between the with nationalism.
nation’s people.
9. PAN-NATIONALISM – Ethnic or cultural nationalism What is PATRIOTISM (NATIONAL PRIDE)
refers to a country that is itself a cluster of associated  is a sense of love, dedication and attachment to a
ethnic and cultural communities. country and an alliance with other people who
 It is a specific term, used mainly in social share the same impression. This attachment can
sciences as a designation for those forms of be mixture of many distinct emotions, including
nationalism that are trying to transcend ethnic, cultural, political or historical elements,
(overcome) traditional boundaries of basic related to one’s own country. It is a predominant

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 Character Formation 1 (Nationalism and Patriotism) (CF 101)

virtue linked to a nation’s love, with greater  On the other hand, nationalism emotions are
emphasis on values and beliefs. based on the belief that one’s nation is superior to
 One who is patriotic will be willing to offer any all others. It also holds a connotation of the other
sacrifice to his nation. He’ll never live alone countries “distrust or disapproval, leading to the
egotistically. premise that other states are competitors.
 For no other reason than being a citizen of the  While the patriots do no degrade other countries
nation, patriotism is a dedication to one’s nation. automatically, nationalist do, sometimes to the
In essence, patriotism is a sense of attachment point of calling for the global dominance of their
and dedication to a country, nation, political country. Nationalism is the polar opposite of
community or just country love. globalism by its protectionist beliefs.
KINDS OF PATRIOTISM.  According to Sydney J. Harris, the patriot is proud
 Patriotism of Duty - fidelity to one’s nation through of his nation for what it does, while the nationalist
material acts. This is military service patriotism and is proud of his nation whatever it does
other selfless sacrifice types. This is where
patriotism becomes embodied and its ideals take Filipino Nationalism
praiseworthy particular actions.  Filipino nationalism started in the Philippines in the
 Patriotism of Affection – this is a kind of 1800s with an upsurge of patriotic feelings and
patriotism by the heart. It is about one’s internal nationalistic ideals resulting from more than two
desire for his country well-being. The patriotism of decades of Spanish rule.
affection can be seen in the patriotism of duty, but  This served as the backbone of, and continues to
it does not necessarily result in it; one can truly love this day, the first nationalist revolution in Asia, the
his country and yet be coward, just as one can Philippine Revolution of 1896 ( Joaqs, 1990).
theoretically fulfill a patriotic duty and yet feel  These nationalistic feelings have resulted to a
apathetic about the country welfare. comprehensive campaign in the Philippines for
 Patriotism of Manners – this is customs political, social and economic liberty.
patriotism, written and unwritten. It can be
performed by anyone without actually needing HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF FILIPINO
affection or duty patriotism and this will be NATIONALISM
established by a set of protocol.  The Philippines had been split into various
principalities known as " Barangays" in the years
TYPES OF PATRIOTISM before the 11th century, a name originating from
1. Personal Patriotism – emotional and voluntary. It Malayan ships called " Balangays." Datus. Rajahs
adheres to certain patriotic values, such or sultans governed these tiny political units (Halili,
as respect for the flag or honoring of veterans and 2004). In 1565, when Spanish explorer Miguel
among others. Lopez de Legazpi arrived from Mexico and
2. Official Patriotism – promoted by the government established the first European colonies in Cebu,
which has a high symbolic and ceremonial content. It is European colonization started in earnest.
a logical consequence of the state itself, which derives  Starting with only five ships and five hundred men
legitimacy from being the expression of the common accompanied by Augustinian monks and further
good of the political community, e.g. national strengthened by two hundred soldiers in 1567, he
monument and commemoration ceremonies. It relies was able to repel competing Portuguese colonizers
on the symbolic act. and lay the foundation for the Spanish colonization
3. Symbolic Patriotism – in wartime is intended to of the archipelago.
raise morale, in turn contributing to the war effort. The Beginning of Filipino Nationalism
4. Peacetime Patriotism – cannot be so easily linked  The Spanish occupied the kingdoms of Maynila
to a measurable gain for the state, but the patriot does and tondo in 1571 and founded manila as the
not see it as inferior. capital of the Spanish east indies ( kolinsky, 1999).
This Spanish colonization united the archipelago of
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN the Philippines into one political unit.
PATRIOTISM AND NATIONALISM?  Originally, the word " Filipino" referred to the
 In patriotism feelings are based on the country’s Philippines " Spanish Criollos." The Spanish
positive values—like liberty, justice and equality. leaders described the natives as Indians during
 The patriot thinks that both their country’s state their 333-year rule over the Philippines (royeca,
system and individuals are inherently good and 2012).
working together to achieve a better quality of life.
 The Spaniards born in the Philippines. More known
as Insulars, criollos, or creoles, were also called "

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 Character Formation 1 (Nationalism and Patriotism) (CF 101)

Filipinos" during the colonial era as well. Spanish c. “PAGKABAYANI” - (national unity, national
born Spaniards or Philippine- based continental consensus and discipline),
Spaniards were referred to as peninsulars. d. “PAKIKITUNGO”- (consideration)
e. “PAKIKIPAGKAPWA-TAO” - (human solidarity
 Those of blended heritage have been called based first of all on developing our nation)
mestizos. Despite being considered inferior by the f. “PAGKAKAPANTAY-PANTAY” - (equality and
peninsulars, the creoles had enjoyed numerous equity).
roles of state and church, and composed most of
the bureaucracy of government. DIFFERENT WAYS TO SHOW
 The feeling of domestic awareness originated from FILIPINO SENSE OF NATIONALISM
the creoles, who now consider themselves " To show your sense of Filipino nationalism, everyone
Filipino." must:
 Work
 Three significant factors, economy, education,  Act
and parish secularization brought it to its  Participate
emergence.  Respect
 Stand Proud
 Love
OTHER CONCEPT OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM
 Nationalism is the secular identification and
1. Respect the Philippine flag and value Filipino
engagement of our people with the Filipino nation
identity
and domestic community, the Philippines as our
 Being Filipinos, we should respect our Philippine
country and homeland.
flag, and its purpose.
 It goes beyond our Family, Clan, Tribe, Village,
 The history and value of this flag are connected to
City, Province, Region, Local culture and Religion.
the freedom we have today.
First and foremost, it is being pro- Filipino; believing
 Encourage our fellowmen to participate and
that we belong to one body, mind, soul and spirit. I
respect our flags and its anthem and even our
 It's a pride to be a Filipino; self-respect as a
different symbols.
Filipino; pride in our national cultural heritage and
 They provide us our identity as Filipinos or
manner of life, with their constraints being realized.
citizens of the beautiful republic of the Philippines.
 It involves pride in our heroes, pride in our flags,
2. Be productive
national anthem and other symbols of our
 Do not rely on everything and then blame our
nationhood; national pride and dignity inspired by
government, but instead make yourself
willingness to serve our nation alone and with
productive and helpful to the nation. Because
dedication, and to sacrifice for it, if necessary, with
some of the Filipinos are blaming the
our own lives.
government for any adverse things our nation
 It is a tool of change and reform; it aims our moral
would strike.
and spiritual regeneration, our liberation from
 True, there are some corrupt political position
ignorance, bigotry ( intolerance towards those who
holders. But they're are not all. The only issue
hold distinct views of themselves), parochialism
here is that we rely too much on our government
( narrow- mindedness), feudalism ( a system in
then blame them afterwards
which higher-ranking individuals gave land and
 We should learn to stand on our own feet and
protection and worked and fought for them in
be productive and helpful not only for ourselves,
exchange); colonial mentality ( the internalized
but also for everyone.
attitude of people's racial or cultural inferiority as a
3. Be aware of the issues in our country
consequence of colonization), bribery and distorted
 We must be aware and updated on the
elitism ( an elite's advocacy or presence as a
significant issues happening in the country.
dominant component in a scheme or community).
Extend help to the needy fellowmen, especially
 In other words, as Filipinos, it has a powerful the victims of disasters like typhoons, flooding,
national identity send and a high-minded intent. and the like.
 Naturally, all of us media in our daily life. We
FILIPINO NATIONAL IDENTITY BASED IN PART ON could already demonstrate our nationalism to
OUR INDIGENOUS VALUES: our nation by using this media. Some of our
a. “PAGSASARILI” - (self-reliance) fellow Filipinos used the authority of the press
b. “PAKIKISAMA” - (equitable sharing and to extend their assistance to others in the past
partnership) calamities that hit our nation. The published

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 Character Formation 1 (Nationalism and Patriotism) (CF 101)

some data about how other individuals might be common country love and vision for a better
able to assist disaster affected individuals. Philippines.
4. Stand proud for every achievement 8. Speak out our own language
 Filipinos are competitive in many ways around  Using our own language is manifesting and
the world. preserving our national identity.
 They are proud to be Philippines and to be  It is our unique means of communicating and
brought to the nation for the awards. For their interacting with our fellowmen.
accomplishment they unite every Filipino.  Our language is an important tool to achieve
5. Patronize and support our own products further unity and national development.
 The Philippines has rich resources to create 9. Remember and commemorate our heroes'
quality goods and the products. The manpower sacrifices for our country
services we provide are also globally  There were many Filipinos who died for our
competitive. Our economy will improve more if democracy, freedom, and independence. Some
we ourselves patronize our own products which fought using their pens and tongues, while some
characterize our creativity, resourcefulness, used the power of their arms and weapons.
and industry.  Each had their own way of showing their love and
 In spite of Filipino migration all over the globe, respect to our country. In today's generation, let
nationalism is also self-evident. Millions of us value and treasured our heroes sacrifices and
Filipinos now support goods and products devotion for our country.
made by the Philippines outside the Philippines. 10. Love our family, our neighbors, and our
Everything is feasible with the emergence of a countrymen
world economy based on information driven by  The essence of life for most Filipinos is to create
free trade, market economy, and open capital their family and nation a part of their enduring
markets. engagement.
 The Philippine products live up to the standard  They many even express their dedication to
of quality in all modesty. unpopular choices born to the advantage of the
6. Preserve the Filipino culture majority.
 Philippines is rich in various colorful cultural  We are strongly committed to our obligations.
elements. They are our identity. Be proud and Filipinos create an all-out effort to work and
preserve the culture we have for they are our make private sacrifices around the clock over
treasure. We have to keep them for the future the weekend hard work.
generation.  These values, combined with an abundant
 Migrants Filipinos who have practically grown reservoir of patience, have been inculcated by
most of their life overseas almost always return our beloved parents to our youthful minds.
to the Philippines to explore our lovely beaches  Bravery of Filipino workers abroad is ideal
and the feature attractions a nation with 7,107 evidence of human sacrifice for family love and
islands offers. Filipinos maintain a periodic TFC nation love.
(The Filipino Channel) subscription to get in  Being away from home and dealing with the
contact with every Filipino, forget about problems of life in a nation you knew no one and
homesickness while overseas, and instill the risking yourself into many foreboding dangers
Filipino values that we see on their television. are exemplary, particularly when serving a well-
7. Respect everyone and value our traditions formulated task of supporting our family's
 Filipinos are very courteous and respectful. You necessities back home by sending remittances
will acknowledge a Filipino individual everywhere that, in turn, would help increase the economy of
you go because he or she has always been the nation and make it more financially stable
respectful of the elders and others using the through monetary asset.
common but certainly classic " ho," "oho," " po"
and "opo." Even in modern times, many Filipinos PHILIPPINE SYMBOLS THAT PROMOTE A SENSE
show and value their noble norms and traditions. OF NATIONALISM
 Although Filipinos overseas have held themselves 1. The Philippine Flag with red, white, and blue
as the peak of their interest in the prism of their colors and a yellow sun representing the
domestic uniqueness with a passionate approach provinces of the country.
to political, social and economic liberty. Filipinos 2. Coat Of Arms of The Philippines also featuring
may have plurality in terms of divided islands, the yellow sun with 8 ray's depicting the original
language, religion, and ethnicity, but they share a provinces in the Philippines.

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 Character Formation 1 (Nationalism and Patriotism) (CF 101)

3. Lupang Hinirang (chosen land)- the Philippine advancement, boost tobacco, sugar and abaca
national anthem manufacturing.
4. Sampaguita (jasminum sambac)- the national
floAwer of the Philippines; symbolizing purity and How Some Filipino Become Illustrados?
simplicity, the flower is small, white, and  The middle class or the "illustrados" were the
pleasantly fragrant. educated Filipinos who, by writing essays, articles,
5. Narra (pterocarpus) - the national tree of the novels or publication in news journal called " La
Philippines; also known as rosewood, it is strong, solidaridad," campaigned for reform in the colony in
sturdy and durable- a common rainforest tree. a peaceful way.
6. Dr. Jose P. Rizal - the national hero of the  They were made up of the " Principalia" or those
Philippines. belonging to the Spanish or Chinese mestizos
7. Cariñosa or Tinkling - the Philippine national indigenous to Filipino or upper class. Their families
dance. Gracefulness is symbolized by this dance. were "inquilinos" who leased property to the friars.
8. Carabao (water buffalo) - A Philippine national Agricultural production evolved during Philippine's
animal. It symbolizes industriousness and hard opening to world trade, which led them to become
work due to its use on many farms in the country. rich.
9. Bangus (milk fish) - the Philippines' national fish.  They were able to improve their social status and
It symbolizes versality, because of the many ways send their children to European schools. They later
in which it can be cooked. clamored for reforms and equality, and their
10. Mango - The national fruit Philippine mangoes children became propaganda movement members.
are considered the sweetest fruit in the world.
11. Barong - The Philippine national costume or Influx of Liberal Ideas
clothing style for men -(untucked shirt of thin  Suez canal’s opening shortened the distance
fabric displaying Chinese, IndoMalayan tropical between the Philippines and Spain. This paved the
and Hindu influences) for women: Baro’t Saya way for liberalism to enter the nation. Europe
(skirt and blouse with no collar). brought liberal concepts such as equality, freedom
12. "Bayan ko" and “Pilipinas Kong mahal” are and brotherhood and the establishment of the
the Philippine national songs. Spanish republic; more Spaniards came to our
13. Arnis - the Philippine national sport (stick nation and imparted liberal thoughts to the
fighting). Philippines.
14. Anahaw (livistona rotundifolia)- the Philippine  They carried liberal books and the magazines with
national plant. This plant is often used as hat, them. Not only in manila, but also in the provinces
umbrella, or fan symbolizing the Filipino's that occupied positions municipal government, the
resourcefulness. amount of Spaniards is increasing. With only a
15. Nipa hut - the Philippine national house; typically, concern to improve material wealth and gain social
a small bamboo house with attached roof. prestige by gaining authority in society, more friars
are increasing. Colonizers keep the Filipinos tightly
protected.
IMPORTANT DATES, EVENTS AND PERSONS IN
THE RISE OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM Secularization Movement
There Are Two Types of Priests:
The Opening of the Philippines to World 1. Regular priest or friar curates - they belong to
Commerce specific religious orders like Dominicans, Jesuits,
 On 1834, manila was officially part of the world Augustinians, Franciscans, and recollects. Only
commerce after reviewing different economic Spanish priests could be regular priests.
policies 1834-1873. 2. Secular priests or parish priests - these priests
 This is the period of the development of were not religious orders and were under the
agriculture in the country because foreigners archbishop’s oversight.
shared their agricultural ideas. Various ports
opened in 1855 in Sual, Pangasinan, Iloilo and 1565
Zamboanga, in 1860 in Cebu and in1873 in  Religious order took control of the parishes in
Tacloban. the Philippines these are the Augustinians,
 Consequently, strong financial activity in the recollects, Dominican, and Franciscan.
colony was stimulated that made the lives of the
Filipinos prosperous. Modern farming techniques Council of Trent
were introduced and the means of transportation  It was stated that secular priests should control
and communication were the boost financial the parishes relates deacons and priests who

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 Character Formation 1 (Nationalism and Patriotism) (CF 101)

are not monastics or members of a religious Issues On the Three Priests

institute. But few secular priests are accessible 1. Father Gomez - Participated in secularization
because some of them have been sent to but no longer active in 1872 and he was
America. already more than 80 years old.
2. Father Burgos - Involved in the issue of
Father Pedro Pelaez (1862) secularization.
 Exposes the discrimination of the Filipino 3. Father Zamora - Victim of mistaken identity
clergys and the racial and national conflict with since the warrant of arrest was addressed to a
the friars. certain Jose Zamora, a known critic of Spanish
government at that time.
January 20, 1872
 Two hundred Filipino troops and employees, led GomBurZa Execution
by Sgt. Fernando la Madrid, who took control of  The parishes were assigned to regular priests
the Spanish arsenal in Cavite, mutinied against because of the death of secular priests in the
Spaniards. 19th century. The Spaniards wanted the secular
 Gov. Laquierdo sent troops forthwith to quench priests to be silenced. Thus, father Jose Burgos,
the rebellion. The ring leaders were murdered Mariano Gomez, Jacinto Zamora- were
and persecuted by la Madrid, accusing the executed in February 17, 1872 by garrote after
GOMBURZA as the rebellion's mastermind. being implicated as master minds in Cavite
mutiny.
Francisco Zaldua – A Bicolano soldier who testified  At the death of the three priests the crowd paid
against the GOMBURZA. respect when they removed their hats and knelt
down. The bells rang all over the city upon the
February 17, 1872 - The day of execution of the 3 order of archbishop Melito Martinez.
priests at Luneta (Bagumbayan).
Garrote
GOMBURZA - Refers to the three martyrs: Gomez,  Is an execution technique previously practiced
Burgos, and Zamora. in Spain where a tightened iron collar is used
to strangle or break a convicted person's neck.
Father Mariano Gomez\  It is said to be the form of execution performed
 A Chinese-Filipino, born in Cavite who held the to the three priests.
most senior position of the three as
archbishop's vicar in Cavite. He was truly The importance of 1872, GomBurZa Execution
nationalistic and accepted the death penalty  It is considered as the beginning of the Filipino
calmly as though it were his presence for being nationalism in the Philippine history because the
pro- Filipinos. three priests were innocent yet accepted the
brutal punishment for the nation.
Father Jose Burgos
 Is a Spanish descent, born in the Philippines. He Propaganda Movement or Reform Movement
was a parish priest of the manila cathedral and  Also known as Junta de propaganda, Cuerpo de
had been known to be close to the liberal Compromisarios and La solidaridad, was
governor general de la Torre. founded in 19th century by the Illustrados, to
 He was 35 years old at the time and was active improve the lives of low indios thru reforms or
and outspoken in advocating the Filipinization of changes implemented in the colony.
the clergy. He wrote to defend the seculars and  The founders were Dr. Pedro Paterno and
was known to weep like a child. Gregorio Sanciangco, Doctors of law who laid
the foundation of the movement in Madrid.
Father Jacinto Zamora
 Was also a Spanish, born in the Philippines. Propaganda
 He was the parish priests of Marikina and was  Refers to the systematic efforts to spread opinion
known to be unfriendly to and would not and beliefs by means of pen and tongue; literally
countenance any arrogance or authoritative means the propagation of a given opinion.
behavior from Spaniards coming from Spain. The Goals of Propaganda Movement
 He once snubbed a Spanish governor who 1. To make the Philippines the province of Spain
came to visit Marikina. 2. Filipino representation in the Spanish Cortes
(Legislative branch in Spanish government).

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3. Equality between Spaniards and Filipino Tomas, took up medicine while taking up
4. Secularization or granting Filipino priest the right to Agrimensura (surveying) in Ateneo.
hold parishes  Rizal's poem A LA JUVENTUS FILIPINA (to the
5. Gaining freedom of speech, expression and Filipino youth) won the first prize in literacy
assembly contest sponsored by LICERO LITERARIO-
ARTISTICIO.
Major Causes for the Establishment of the
Propaganda Movement MARCELO H. DEL PILAR
1. Emergence of middle class  MARCELO H. Del Pilar Was regarded as the
2. The liberal administration of gov. General greatest journalist of reform movement. Born on
Carlos Maria de la Torre y Nava Cerrada- august 30, 1850 in San Nicolas, Bulacan. He
3. Execution of GOMBURZA used his grandmother's surname based on gov.
4. Resulted to the deportation of patriotic Filipinos General Narcos Claverias decree in 1849-
"Filipinos should not adopt a Spanish
Propagandists or Reformist surname."
 These were the Filipino reformers who fled the  He studied Latin in manila, and successfully
country to escape persecution in 1872. They obtained the degree in bachelor of arts at
didn't have the intention of achieving social colegio de san Jose. He took up law at
changes through armed struggle and revolution university of Sto. Tomas but unable to Finishbit
rather they campaign for reform or change by way because he was suspended when he inquired
of writing. the increase in baptismal fee. He was also
 They advocated reform by writing books, imprisoned for 30 days for this offense.
pamphlet and newspapers. They were popularly  He married his second cousin Marciano del
known as Illustrados (intellectuals) in Spain, pilar where they have 7children but only 2
England and France. survived, Sofia and Anita. He was passionate in
his campaign against Frailocracy.
THREE LEADING REFORMISTS IN 19TH CENTURY  He delivered speechless in baptismal, fiestas
1. Dr. Jose P. Rizal and even in cockpit arenas to exposed the
2. Graciano Lopez Jeana abuses of the friars and the injustices his family
3. Marcelo H. Del Pilar experienced from them.
 Marcelo H. Del pilar was a journalist who
DR. JOSE P. RIZAL mastered the use of satire (the use of humor,
 Regarded as the conscience of the movement irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and
and the most prolific writer among the criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly
propagandists. in the context of contemporary politics and
 His pen names are Dimasalang and Laong other topical issues).
Laan commonly known and acclaimed as the  He was the co-founder of the first bilingual
"Father of Philippine Nationalism" due to his newspaper in the Philippines “Diariong
intellectual and idealistic support for Philippine Tagalog" where he published his nationalistic
independence. article including the Tagalog translation of Jose
 For him Spanish colonial system itself should P. Rizal's "EL AMOR PATRIO." His other
be blamed for the unfortunate state of the writings were:
Filipinos and the colony. A.Caingat Cayo - he defended here the noli me
 Dr. Jose P. Rizal- was born on June 19, 1861 in tangere of Jose P. Rizal.
Calamba Laguna. At the age of 3, he learned B.Dasalan At Toksohan - collection of revised
his alphabet, at the age of 8, he wrote a poem catholic prayers where he exposed the true
entitled " SA AKING MGA KABABATA" ( to my nature of the friars.
fellow children) a poem that talks about love for C. He change ama natin to Amain namun, aba
one language. At the age of 9, he was sent to Ginoong maria into aba Ginoong barya,
private tutor Don Justiniano Aquino Cruz. In D. Damping utos ng diyos to sampung utos ng
1872, changed his family name from mercado prayle.
to Rizal because mercado was closely E. Pasiong Dapat Ipag-alab nang piso ng taking
identified to fr. Burgos who was executed by nabasa
Spanish authorities. In F. La soberania monacal en filipinas (monastic
 1877, he graduated bachelor of arts in Ateneo, supremacy in the Philippines)
Municipa. He enrolled in university of Sto.

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 Character Formation 1 (Nationalism and Patriotism) (CF 101)

G. La frailocracia filipina (the frailocracy in the Known to be "SUPREMO OF KATIPUNAN” was

philippines) one of the founders of Katipunan. He wrote a poem,
letters, essays and dialogue while his writing are:
GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA  Pag-ibig Sa Tinubuang Lupa- wherein he
 He was born in Jaro, Iloilo on December 18, discussed the importance of loving motherland.
1856. His parents encourage him to become a  Katapusang Hibik Ng Pilipinas Sa Inang
priest. However, Graciano wanted to become a Espanya.
doctor. He left the seminary and enrolled in the  Ang dagat mabatid ng tagalog-explained how
school of medicine in university of sto. Tomas Philippines entered an era of darkness under
but due to financial difficulties he wasn't able to the Spaniards.
finish his medical degree and forced to go back  He explained in essay the meaning of word
in Iloilo. The poor people of Iloilo consulted him tagalog- it did not refer to particular ethnic group
for medical problems. but to all inhabitants who lived near bodies of
 He started the campaign for freedom in 1874 by water (tags-ilog). Everybody should be rightfully
writing "FRAY BOTOD" ( la guns de fraile) called tagalog.
means " big - bellied friar." In his work he  His pseudonym was Agapito Bagumbayan.
revealed the gluttony, indolence and greediness  He prepared a Dacalogue to serve as guide for
of friars as represented by fray Botod. katipuneros " Katungkulang Gagawin Ng Mga
 He went to negros occidental to avoid arrest in Anak Ng Bayan" but later adopted the "kartilla
1880, and then he went to Valencia Spain and ng Katipunan" of Emilio Jacinto.
continues his medical degree but later shifted to
journalism in Madrid. Graciano was a former EMILIO JACINTO
staff of LOS DOS MUNDO - news organ in Iloilo  Regarded as the " BRAIN OF THE KATIPUNAN."
and was acclaimed as the "PRINCE OF THE Born on dec. 15, 1875 in Trozo, manila.
FILIPINO ORATORS”  He took up bachelor of arts from Colegio de San
 The great orators of the reform movement. His Juan de Letran. He took up law from university of
pen name was Diego Laura and he founded the Sto. Tomas but he was not able to finish it
La Solidaridad (solidarity) which becomes the because of revolution. He joined Katipunan in
mouthpiece of the propaganda. In Madrid, he 1894 under the name of PINGKIAN.
wrote articles campaigning for reforms in the  He wrote KARTILLA NG KATIPUNAN that
Philippines. He became a member of the served as moral and ethical guide for
freemasonry and founded masonic lodge for KATIPUNEROS. His other works are liwanag at
Filipinos in 1889. dilim and la patria.
 For him and Marcelo H. Del pilar, frailocracy or  He became an editor in chief of KALAYAAN, an
monastic supremacy was the root cause of official newspaper of Katipunan.
impoverishment of the Filipinos under Spanish  He assigned to rescue Rizal- while waiting the
colonialism. He has a habit of eating sardines ship going to Cuba but Rizal refused to be
straight from the can, wiping his hands at his rescued. He fought with CAZADEROS or Spanish
coat and still wear it the next day without being Rifflemen in Maimpis, Magdalena laguna, where
laundry. he was wounded on the knee.
 He died due to malaria on April 6, 1899 in sta.
OTHER FILIPINO REFORMISTS Cruz laguna.

DR. PEDRO PATERNO - A doctor of law who wrote THE FOUNDING AND RELEVANCE OF
the novel entitled “Ninay" the 1st Filipino novel that KATIPUNAN
shows the Filipino's developed culture.  KKK (Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galang na
Katipunan Ng mga Anak ng bayan or Katipunan).
ANTONIO LUNA - Some of his works are Noche This was founded on july 7, 1892, same day that
Buena, a biographical sketch that depicts the actual life news about Rizal's exile to Dapitan. Deodato
in the Philippines. La Maestra de mi pueblo describes arellano was the first president of Katipunero
defects of the educational system for women. His pen followed by roman-basa then by Andres
name was Taga-ilog. Bonifacio.
 The KKK members were divided when it
ANDRES BONIFACIO increased more than one hundred katipon, Kasal,
Bayani. Each category has its own password and
members undergo blood compact.

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 Character Formation 1 (Nationalism and Patriotism) (CF 101)

FELIPE LANDA JOCANO

Katipuneros - Refers to the sons of the people, used
triangle method to recruit members, where every  He was a Filipino anthropologist and educator.
member should recruit two new members who would  He says that “there are no negative Filipino
only know each other after passing the initiation rites. values, only the wrong use of values”.
 He identified the two models of Filipino Value
FILIPINO CORE VALUES System.
1. Exogenous Model or Foreign Model
Basic Concept of Values 2. Indigenous Model or Traditional
 Core values are a person’s or organization’s
fundamental beliefs. Models of the Filipino Values
 These guiding principles dictates conduct and EXOGENOUS MODEL OR FOREIGN MODEL
can assist individuals to know the distinction  The foreign model is described to be a "legal
between right and wrong. and formal" model.
 It also assists organizations by establishing an  The foreign model was inherited by Filipinos
unwavering guide to determine if they are on from Western cultures, particularly from the
the correct track and fulfill their objectives. Spaniards and the Americans.
 An example of a foreign or exogenous influence
Filipino Values System is bureaucracy exhibited in the government of
 The Filipinos are product of the blending race the Philippines.
and culture of the eastern and western  Another example also includes Catholicism.
inhabitants. The Catholic church still remains a very
 They can be said as people of eastern race powerful force in the Philippines.
with western culture or as brown Americans, in  For example, divorce is illegal because of the
this sense and by blood. Catholic church’s influence in the government
 They possess multi-layered influences of and law-making.
Indian, Malay Chinese, Spanish, Japanese and
Americans. INDIGENOUS MODEL OR TRADITIONAL
 F. Landa Jocano (2001 and 2002) pointed out MODEL
that these colonizers had developed some  The indigenous model is described as a
dimensions in Filipino culture in terms of "traditional and nonformal" model or guide but
religious, social, economic and political is deeply embedded in the subconscious of the
systems. Filipinos.
 Values are basic and fundamental beliefs that  Examples include Bayanihan System or Spirit
guide or motivate attitudes or actions. Values of Kinship and Camaraderie, Hospitality,
describe the personal qualities we choose to Matiyaga, Magalang, Pakikisama, Utang na
embody to guide our actions; the sort of person Loob, Ningas Cogon, Crab Mentality, Respect
we want to be; the manner in which we treat for Elders, Mapagbigay, Celebration of “Fiesta”,
ourselves and others, and our interaction with Pamamanhikan, Damayan, atbp.
the world around us.
 Filipino values are ambivalent, meaning it can Structures and Elements of Filipino Values
be either good or bad and thus color the  Based on studies, surveys, opinions,
uniqueness of every individual. In a general anecdotes, and other literature made by
perspective, these can be considered as guide experts and researchers concerning Filipino
towards the betterment of life because without social values or Filipino core values, along with
proper values, a person will never achieve what the Filipino character or Filipino identity of a
one aspires for. person or an individual known as the Filipino.
 The Filipino value system or Filipino  The Filipino value system is found to possess
values refers to the set of values or the value inherent key elements.
system that a majority of the Filipino have  One can note
historically held important in their lives. how Hiya, Pakikisama, and Utang na loob, are
 This Philippine value system includes their own merely Surface Values—readily seen and
unique assemblage of observed values exhibited and esteemed by
consistent ideologies, moral codes, ethical many Filipinos. These three values are
practices, etiquette, and cultural and personal considered branches from a single origin—the
values that are promoted by their society. actual Core Value of the Filipino Personality
—Kapwa.

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 It means 'togetherness', and refers to Magalang

community, or not doing things alone.   The use of po, opo, and pagmamano (kissing of
 The values of Filipinos specifically uphold the the hand) are distinct Filipino ways of respect.
following items: solidarity of the family unit, We say these words and use this gesture to
security of the Philippine economy, orientation show our respect and love for the elderly.
to small-groups, personalism, the concepts of  The Filipinos’ respect is not just limited to the
“loob" or “kalooban" (meaning "what’s inside elderly but also to other people’s properties,
the self", the "inner-self", or the "actual personal emotions, and ideas. We are polite people
feelings of the self"), existence and
maintenance of smooth interpersonal The Philippine National Police Core Values
relationships, and the sensing of the feelings or The PNP members must conform to and internalize
needs of others (known as pakikiramdam). the key principles of:
 In a larger picture, these values are grouped  Love of God
into general clusters or "macroclusters":  Respect for Authority
namely, the relationship cluster, the social  Respect for Women
cluster, the livelihood cluster, the  Respect for sanctity of Marriage
inwardness cluster, and the optimism  Stewardship over material things
cluster  Responsible dominion
 Truthfulness
The “Five Core Filipino Values” The Police service in the Philippines
(S.E.R.V.I.C.E)
Mapagpasalamat Servant hood
 This is based on Filipinos’ aspiration for  As police affirm its unconditional service and
“Pamumuhay” (Life) and “Pananalig sa Diyos at love for the nation and individuals.
Kapwa” (Faith in God and people).  Police value a supportive and professional role
 Filipinos know how to enjoy life. This is to serves and protects its clientele and
because we always look at the bright side of community with honesty, utmost devotion and
life. commitment above private concern.
Excellence
Matatag  Police are committed in doing and making
 Being in a country prone to natural disasters, things occur effectively and efficiently in all of
Filipinos have adapted and learned to be strong their efforts as they strive to accomplish more
in times of need and in hard situations life consistently and outstandingly with tangible
throws at us. outcomes and far beyond their best.
 This strength is drawn from our love for our Responsibility with Accountability
family and to the higher being we believe in.  Police carry out and execute their
 In fact, Filipinos’ common expression is “Ayos responsibilities and tasks as their moral duty is
Na”. When we are able to get through to serve the public with due diligence and
difficulties, we say “Ayos Na”. always bearing in mind that they are
accountable and duty bound to promote the
Masigasig public interest.
 When Filipinos dream of something, we do Valuing people and respect for human rights
everything possible to get it.  Police always maintain their fellow human
 We do it for our families and loved ones. being’s dignity whenever they cater their needs
 This is based on Filipinos’ aspiration for and are delicate and cautious in serving and
“Kasaganaan” (Abundance) and “Ginhawa” protecting them with compassion and utmost
(Relief). regard for their human rights.
Integrity
Mapagmalasakit  Police take an uncompromising and coherent
 It is because of our love for the family extended position in the fulfilment of their obligation to
to friends, neighbors and other people that live an honest, upright and dignified life
make Filipinos naturally compassionate. according to the highest ethical and moral
 This compassion enables us to help other norms where their advocacy, values and
people without asking for anything in return. convictions are compatible with their words and
 This is based on Filipinos’ aspiration for “Loob actions.
at Damdamin” and “Kapwa” (Other People). Courage

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 Character Formation 1 (Nationalism and Patriotism) (CF 101)

 From their moral strength police draw their

collective and individual power of approach to
always accept difficult duties, and they
courageous enough to speak out against
temptation, anomalies, corruption and
exploitation and stand firm.
Empowerment
 Police reach out and create bridges of
collaboration, nurture volunteerism and operate
in harmony with their clientele by training
individuals for a better and safer society in the
process.

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